Psychological distress in relation to site specific cancer mortality: pooling of unpublished data from 16 prospective cohort studies

Introduction: Whole grain intake has been associated with lower risks of multiple chronic conditions, but its association with mortality warrants further evaluation. Hypothesis: We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on the association of whole grain intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and tested the hypothesis that they followed inverse dose-response pattern. Methods: Published studies reporting relative risks (RRs) between whole grain consumption and mortality from Medline and Embase through August, 2015. Original results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999-2004 were included. Whole grain ingredients (gram/day) were estimated among studies reporting RRs for ≥3 categories of whole grain intake. Results: Fourteen unique analyses were included, which consisted of 786,076 participants, 97,867 all-cause deaths, 23,957 CVD deaths, and 37,492 cancer deaths. Pooled RRs (95% confidence intervals) comparing high with low whole grain categories were 0.84 (0.80, 0.88; P <0.001, I2=74%, P heterogeneity<0.001) for all-cause mortality, 0.82 (0.79, 0.85; P <0.001, I2=0%, P heterogeneity=0.53) for CVD mortality, and 0.88(0.83, 0.94; P <0.001, I2=54%, P heterogeneity=0.02) for cancer mortality. Whole grain consumption was <50 grams/day among most studies. Dose-response meta-analysis showed strong monotonic associations between whole grain and mortality (All P nonlinearity > 0.05): RRs (95%CIs) for each 16 grams/day increase (approximately 1 serving/day) in whole grain were 0.93(0.92, 0.94) for all-cause mortality, 0.91(0.90, 0.93) for CVD mortality, and 0.95(0.94, 0.96) for cancer mortality. These findings were robust in several stratified analyses and/or sensitivity analyses. Egger’s test did not suggest significant publication bias. Conclusions: Our findings supported health benefit of increasing current whole grain intake of <1 serving/day to ≥3 servings/day as recommended by current Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

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Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m2412 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sina Naghshi ◽

Omid Sadeghi ◽

Walter C Willett ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

All Cause Mortality

AbstractObjectiveTo examine and quantify the potential dose-response relation between intake of total, animal, and plant protein and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until December 2019, and references of retrieved relevant articles.Study selectionProspective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in adults aged 18 or older.Data synthesisRandom effects models were used to calculate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals for the highest versus lowest categories of protein intake and to incorporate variation between studies. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were done to evaluate the dose-response relations between protein intake and mortality.Results32 prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up period of 3.5 to 32 years, 113 039 deaths (16 429‬ from cardiovascular disease and 22 303‬ from cancer) occurred among 715 128 participants. Intake of total protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality (pooled effect size 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.99, I2=58.4%, P<0.001). Intake of plant protein was significantly associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality (pooled effect size 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.97, I2=57.5%, P=0.003) and cardiovascular disease mortality (pooled hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.96, I2=63.7%, P=0.001), but not with cancer mortality. Intake of total and animal protein was not significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality. A dose-response analysis showed a significant inverse dose-response association between intake of plant protein and all cause mortality (P=0.05 for non-linearity). An additional 3% energy from plant proteins a day was associated with a 5% lower risk of death from all causes.ConclusionsHigher intake of total protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality, and intake of plant protein was associated with a lower risk of all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Replacement of foods high in animal protein with plant protein sources could be associated with longevity.

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Association between psychological distress and mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.e4933 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 345 (jul31 4) ◽

pp. e4933-e4933 ◽

Cited By ~ 279

Author(s):

T. C. Russ ◽

E. Stamatakis ◽

M. Hamer ◽

J. M. Starr ◽

M. Kivimaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Individual Participant

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Association of soft drink and 100% fruit juice consumption with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/10408398.2021.1937040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Bei Pan ◽

Long Ge ◽

Honghao Lai ◽

Qi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n2213 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n2213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sina Naghshi ◽

Dagfinn Aune ◽

Joseph Beyene ◽

Sara Mobarak ◽

Masoomeh Asadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021. Study selection Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer. Data synthesis Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality. Results 41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I 2 =77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I 2 =48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I 2 =5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I 2 =3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I 2 =76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I 2 =30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I 2 =8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I 2 =37.1%, n=14). Conclusions The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021229487.

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