scholarly journals Using social network analysis to understand multisectoral governance in district-level tobacco control programme implementation in India

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e006471
Author(s):  
Shinjini Mondal ◽  
Upendra Bhojani ◽  
Samntha Lobbo ◽  
Susan Law ◽  
Antonia Maioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
District Level ◽  
Essential Components

IntroductionInterest in multisectoral policies has increased, particularly in the context of low-income and middle-income countries and efforts towards Sustainable Development Goals, with greater attention to understand effective strategies for implementation and governance. The study aimed to explore and map the composition and structure of a multisectoral initiative in tobacco control, identifying key factors engaged in policy implementation and their patterns of relationships in local-level networks in two districts in the state of Karnataka, India.MethodsSocial network analysis (SNA) was used to examine the structure of two district tobacco control networks with differences in compliance with the India’s national tobacco control law. The survey was administered to 108 respondents (n=51 and 57) in two districts, producing three distinct network maps about interaction, information-seeking and decision-making patterns within each district. The network measures of centrality, density, reciprocity, centralisation and E-I index were used to understand and compare across the two districts.ResultsMembers from the department of health, especially those in the District Tobacco Control Cell, were the most frequently consulted actors for information as they led district-level networks. The most common departments engaged beyond health were education, police and municipal. District 1’s network displayed high centralisation, with a district nodal officer who exercised a central role with the highest in-degree centrality. The district also exhibited greater density and reciprocity. District 2 showed a more dispersed pattern, where subdistrict health managers had higher betweenness centrality and acted as brokers in the network.ConclusionCollaboration and cooperation among sectors and departments are essential components of multisectoral policy. SNA provides a mechanism to uncover the nature of relationships and key actors in collaborative dynamics. It can be used as a visual learning tool for policy planners and implementers to understand the structure of actual implementation and concentrate their efforts to improve and enhance collaboration.

scholarly journals Service, Activism, and Friendships in High School: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Peer Influence and Critical Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wegemer
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Service Activities

AbstractScholars acknowledge that friends shape youth civic engagement, but the relative contribution of peer influence and critical beliefs to civic behaviors has yet to be disaggregated. Informed by sociopolitical development and critical consciousness theories, the present study used longitudinal social network analysis to examine peer socialization and adolescents’ awareness of systemic inequities in relation to participation in service and activist activities at a high school serving primarily low-income Latinx youth. Students were surveyed in May 2019 and May 2020 (N = 354; 51% female; in 2019, Mage = 15.9, age range 14.4 to 18.5). The results yielded evidence of peer influence on service activities, but not activism or perceptions of inequities. In contrast, adolescents’ perception of inequities predicted their activist behavior, but not service, after controlling for network effects and individual covariates. The school provided scaffolding for service activities, but not activist activities, potentially explaining the salience of service participation in youth friendship networks.

scholarly journals Characterizing Vaping Industry Political Influence and Mobilization on Facebook: Social Network Analysis

10.2196/28069 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. e28069
Author(s):  
Michael Robert Haupt ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Joshua Yang ◽  
Mingxiang Cai ◽  
Tim K Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Advocacy Group

Background In response to recent policy efforts to regulate tobacco and vaping products, the vaping industry has been aggressive in mobilizing opposition by using a network of manufacturers, trade associations, and tobacco user communities, and by appealing to the general public. One strategy the alternative tobacco industry uses to mobilize political action is coordinating on social media platforms, such as the social networking site Facebook. However, few studies have specifically assessed how platforms such as Facebook are used to influence public sentiment and attitudes towards tobacco control policy. Objective This study used social network analysis to examine how the alternative tobacco industry uses Facebook to mobilize online users to influence tobacco control policy outcomes with a focus on the state of California. Methods Data were collected from local and national alternative tobacco Facebook groups that had affiliations with activities in the state of California. Network ties were constructed based on users’ reactions to posts (eg, “like” and “love”) and comments to characterize political mobilization networks. Results Findings show that alternative tobacco industry employees were more likely to engage within these networks and that these employees were also more likely to be influential members (ie, be more active) in the network. Comparisons between subnetworks show that communication within the local alternative tobacco advocacy group network was less dense and more centralized in contrast to a national advocacy group that had overall higher levels of engagement among members. A timeline analysis found that a higher number of influential posts that disseminated widely across networks occurred during e-cigarette–related legislative events, suggesting strategic online engagement and increased mobilization of online activity for the purposes of influencing policy outcomes. Conclusions Results from this study provide important insights into how tobacco industry–related advocacy groups leverage the Facebook platform to mobilize their online constituents in an effort to influence public perceptions and coordinate to defeat tobacco control efforts at the local, state, and federal level. Study results reveal one part of a vast network of socially enabled alternative tobacco industry actors and constituents that use Facebook as a mobilization point to support goals of the alternative tobacco industry.

Financial experts in a spider web. A social network analysis of the archives of Caecilius Iucundus and the Sulpicii

Klio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Broekaert
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
International Business ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThis paper provides a social network analysis of the business communities in Pompeii and Puteoli, viewed through the lens of the archives of Caecilius Iucundus and the Sulpicii. This approach reveals how entrepreneurs tried to create trust and select reliable witnesses in two very different trading worlds. I argue first that the presence of an ‚international‘ business community in Puteoli necessitated the careful selection of witnesses among colleagues in trade, who were acquainted with someone’s reputation and trustworthiness. In Pompeii on the other hand, the local level of exchange allowed bankers and businessmen to operate in a face-to-face community, where experience in trade was not considered to be a vital criterion to be selected as a witness.

scholarly journals Initiatives and partnerships in an Australian metropolitan obesity prevention system: a social network analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krysten Blackford ◽  
Justine E. Leavy ◽  
Abbie-Clare Vidler ◽  
Dan Chamberlain ◽  
Christina Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Survey Respondent ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Prevention System

Abstract Background Limited resources make prevention of complex population-level issues such as obesity increasingly challenging. Collaboration and partnerships between organisations operating in the same system can assist, however, there is a paucity of research into how relationships function at a local level. The aim of this study was to audit initiatives, explore networks, and identify potential opportunities for improving the obesity prevention system in a Health Service area of Western Australia (WA). Methods A mixed-methods study was undertaken in a metropolitan Health Service in Perth, WA in 2019–20. Structured face-to-face interviews (n = 51) were conducted with organisations engaged in obesity prevention, to identify prevention initiatives and their characteristics using a Systems Inventory tool. The Research Team identified the 30 most active organisations during the Systems Inventory, and an online Organisational Network Survey was administered to explore: relationships across six domains; partnership duration; frequency of interaction with other organisations; barriers to implementation; and key contributions to obesity prevention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise barriers, contributions and Systems Inventory data. Organisational Network Survey data were analysed using social network analysis through UCINET 6 for Windows and Netdraw software. Whole network and cohesion scores were calculated: average degree; density; diameter; and degree centralization. Core-periphery analysis was conducted to identify densely connected core and sparsely connected periphery organisations. Results The Systems Inventory identified 189 unique prevention initiatives, mostly focusing on individual-level behaviour change. Fifty four percent (n = 15) of the Organisational Network Survey respondent organisations and most core organisations (67%, n = 8) were government. The information and knowledge sharing network had a density of 45% indicating a high level of information and knowledge exchange between organisations. The lowest densities were found within the receiving (3.3%), providing (5.5%) and sharing (5.6%) funding networks, suggesting that these formal relationships were the least established. Conclusion Applying a systems thinking lens to local obesity prevention revealed that initiatives conducted focused on individual-level behaviour change and that collaboration and communication between organisations focused on information sharing. Capturing the extent and nature of initiatives and the way partnerships operate to improve obesity prevention can help to identify opportunities to strengthen the networks.

scholarly journals Characterizing Vaping Industry Political Influence and Mobilization on Facebook: Social Network Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Robert Haupt ◽  
Qing Xu ◽  
Joshua Yang ◽  
Mingxiang Cai ◽  
Tim K Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Advocacy Group

BACKGROUND In response to recent policy efforts to regulate tobacco and vaping products, the vaping industry has been aggressive in mobilizing opposition by using a network of manufacturers, trade associations, and tobacco user communities, and by appealing to the general public. One strategy the alternative tobacco industry uses to mobilize political action is coordinating on social media platforms, such as the social networking site Facebook. However, few studies have specifically assessed how platforms such as Facebook are used to influence public sentiment and attitudes towards tobacco control policy. OBJECTIVE This study used social network analysis to examine how the alternative tobacco industry uses Facebook to mobilize online users to influence tobacco control policy outcomes with a focus on the state of California. METHODS Data were collected from local and national alternative tobacco Facebook groups that had affiliations with activities in the state of California. Network ties were constructed based on users’ reactions to posts (eg, “like” and “love”) and comments to characterize political mobilization networks. RESULTS Findings show that alternative tobacco industry employees were more likely to engage within these networks and that these employees were also more likely to be influential members (ie, be more active) in the network. Comparisons between subnetworks show that communication within the local alternative tobacco advocacy group network was less dense and more centralized in contrast to a national advocacy group that had overall higher levels of engagement among members. A timeline analysis found that a higher number of influential posts that disseminated widely across networks occurred during e-cigarette–related legislative events, suggesting strategic online engagement and increased mobilization of online activity for the purposes of influencing policy outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide important insights into how tobacco industry–related advocacy groups leverage the Facebook platform to mobilize their online constituents in an effort to influence public perceptions and coordinate to defeat tobacco control efforts at the local, state, and federal level. Study results reveal one part of a vast network of socially enabled alternative tobacco industry actors and constituents that use Facebook as a mobilization point to support goals of the alternative tobacco industry.

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