scholarly journals Impact of moderate and late preterm birth on neurodevelopment, brain development and respiratory health at school age: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (LaPrem study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044491
Author(s):  
Jeanie Cheong ◽  
Kate Lillian Iona Cameron ◽  
Deanne Thompson ◽  
Peter J Anderson ◽  
Sarath Ranganathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionChildren born moderate to late preterm (MLP, 32–36 weeks’ gestation) account for approximately 85% of all preterm births globally. Compared with children born at term, children born MLP are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite making up the largest group of preterm children, developmental outcomes of children born MLP are less well studied than in other preterm groups. This study aimed to (1) compare neurodevelopmental, respiratory health and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes between children born MLP and term at 9 years of age; (2) examine the differences in brain growth trajectory from infancy to 9 years between children born MLP and term; and in children born MLP; (3) examine the relationship between brain development and neurodevelopment at 9 years; and (4) identify risk factors for poorer outcomes at 9 years.Methods and analysisThe ”LaPrem” (Late Preterm MRI Study) study is a longitudinal cohort study of children born MLP and term controls, born at the Royal Women’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, between 2010 and 2013. Participants were recruited in the neonatal period and were previously followed up at 2 and 5 years. This 9-year school-age follow-up includes neuropsychology, motor and physical activities, and lung function assessments, as well as brain MRI. Outcomes at 9 years will be compared between birth groups using linear and logistic regressions. Trajectories of brain development will be compared between birth groups using mixed effects models. The relationships between MRI and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as well as other early predictors of poor 9-year outcomes, will be explored using linear and logistic regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the human research ethics committee at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Study outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media.

scholarly journals A longitudinal cohort study investigating inadequate preparation and death and dying in nursing students: Implications for the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Galvin ◽  
Gareth Richards ◽  
Andrew P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time Point

Aims and objectivesTo investigate how changes in the levels of preparedness and experiences of death and dying influence nursing students’ mental health. BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is likely to cause significant trauma in the nursing population. The lack of preparation, in combination with a substantial loss of life, may have implications for the longer-term mental health of the nursing workforce. Nursing students have, in many cases, been an important part of the emergency response.DesignA longitudinal cohort study was conducted with data collected at two time points. There was a seven-month time period between data collection.MethodsParticipants completed paper-based questionnaires measuring demographics, academic stressors, clinical stressors, and mental health. 358 nursing students at time point one and 347 at time point two (97% retention) completed the survey.ResultsInadequate preparation (OR: 1.783) and the inadequate preparation x death and dying interaction term (OR: 4.115) significantly increased risk of mental health problems over time. Increased death and dying alone did not increase mental health risk. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that it is not the increase in death and dying per se that causes mental health difficulties, but that it is instead the experience of high levels of death and dying in combination with inadequate preparation. The data are considered within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with both inadequate preparation and the scale of death and dying being two significant stressors during the emergency period. Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis paper is an initial indication of the potential longer-term mental health impact of COVID-19 for nursing students.

scholarly journals Prolonged periods of waiting for an asylum decision and the risk of psychiatric diagnoses: a 22-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Hvidtfeldt ◽  
Jørgen Holm Petersen ◽  
Marie Norredam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Waiting Periods

Abstract Background The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among resettled refugees necessitates identification of factors that reduce the risk of mental illness. In this 22-year longitudinal cohort study, we assessed whether the length of asylum-decision waiting periods is associated with resettled refugees’ risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Methods We used full-population data from the Danish Civil Registration System to establish a cohort of 46 104 refugees resettled in Denmark during 1995–2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) for first-time psychiatric hospital contact (ICD-10) after residence permit issuance across varying lengths of asylum-decision waiting periods were estimated by cross-linkage with the Danish National Patient Register. Results Long asylum-decision waiting periods were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Compared with refugees who waited 0–6 months for their asylum decision, the HRs of any psychiatric diagnosis were 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.33] for those who waited 13–24 months and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.27–1.69) for those who waited 25–71 months. Associations varied across diagnoses and length of follow-up: whereas the risk of nervous disorders increased with longer asylum-decision waiting periods in the follow-ups of 0–2.9, 3–5.9 and 6–11.9 years, the risk of psychotic disorders was associated with longer asylum-decision procedures only in the 0–2.9-year follow-up. Conclusion Resettled refugees who waited longer than 1 year for an asylum decision face an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Host countries should consider that long asylum-decision waiting periods could lead to mental illness among refugees.

P5004Peripheral neuropathy and increased risk of heart failure: a population-based longitudinal cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sun ◽  
J Oxnard ◽  
B J New ◽  
I R Mordi ◽  
W Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background One of the main pathophysiological processes thought to be implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is a microvascular disease (MiVD) that is prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of MiVD in the development of heart failure (HF) is not known. T2D screening programmes identify three types of MiVD – retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Both retinopathy and nephropathy have been independently associated with the development of incident HF in observational cohort studies. There is less data on peripheral neuropathy and HF outcomes. This study aimed to determine the independent association of diabetic neuropathy with incident HF events in a large longitudinal population cohort of T2D patients with a detailed clinical follow-up that includes available echocardiographic data. Design This was a population-based longitudinal cohort study from the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland study (GoDARTS) from 1996 to 2016. A total of 9,598 patients with T2D were included with data available on hospital admissions, prescribing and other clinical variables including age, gender, smoking history, duration of T2D, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride, total LDL and HDL cholesterol levels. Neuropathy cases were identified using a well-validated record linkage method utilising neuropathic drug prescription records to identify cases of neuropathic pain and to monofilament testing that is used to diagnose neuropathy. Results There were 805 HF events. After adjustment for clinical variables, the presence of painful neuropathy related to a 57% increased risk of incident HF (HR 1.57, 95% CI = 1.32–1.89, p<0.001). A similar risk was also observed with diabetic neuropathy identified by monofilament testing with a 52% (HR 1.52, CI = 1.013–1.225, P<0.05) increased risk of incident HF. Conclusions and relevance Peripheral neuropathy, a feature of MiVD, may be pathophysiologically associated with the development of HF in patients with T2D and may be a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Protective effects of oral anticoagulants on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study (Strawberry study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e021759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Saji ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
Kengo Ito ◽  
Hidekazu Tomimoto ◽  
Kazuo Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort

IntroductionNon-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is known as a robust risk factor for stroke. Recent reports have suggested a risk of dementia with NVAF, but much remains unknown regarding the relationship between this mechanism and the potential protective effects of novel anticoagulants (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), or non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants).Methods and analysisThis study, the strategy to obtain warfarin or DOAC’s benefit by evaluating registry, is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study comparing the effects of warfarin therapy and DOACs on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment over an estimated duration of 36 months. Once a year for 3 years, the activities of daily living and cognitive functioning of non-demented patients with NVAF will be assessed. Demographics, risk factors, laboratory investigations, lifestyle, social background and brain MRI will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (No. 1017) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent will be obtained before study enrolment and only coded data will be stored in a secured database. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings to ensure the applicability of the findings in clinical practice.Trial registration numberUMIN000025721.

Association of Migraine With Incident Hypertension After Menopause: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011986
Author(s):  
Conor James MacDonald ◽  
Douae El Fatouhi ◽  
Anne-Laure Madika ◽  
Guy Fagherazzi ◽  
Tobias Kurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectiveMigraine has been identified as a potential risk-factor for hypertension in prospective studies. In women, migraine prevalence decreases after menopause, but no studies have determined if migraine is associated with hypertension after menopause. This study sought to determine if history of migraine was associated with an increased risk of hypertension among menopausal women.MethodsWe assessed associations between migraine and hypertension in a longitudinal cohort study of 56,202 menopausal women participating in the French E3N cohort, with follow-up beginning in 1993. We included women who did not have hypertension or cardiovascular disease at the age of their menopause. Migraine was classified as ever or never at each questionnaire cycle. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate relations between migraine and hypertension, controlling for potential confounding. A secondary analysis with baseline in 2011 considered aura status, grouping participants reporting migraine as migraine with aura, migraine without aura, or unknown migraine type.ResultsDuring 826,419 person years, 12,501 cases of incident hypertension were identified, including 3100 among women with migraine, and 9401 among women without migraine. Migraine was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in menopausal women (HR migraine = 1.29 [1.24: 1.35]), and were consistent in post-hoc sensitivity analyses, such as when controlling for common migraine medications. Associations between migraine and hypertension were similar whether or not women reported aura (HR migraine aura = 1.54 [1.04: 2.30], HR migraine no aura = 1.32 [0.87: 2.02], p-heterogeneity = 0.60). Associations were slightly stronger among ever users of menopausal hormone therapy (HR migraine = 1.34 [1.27: 1.41]), than among never users (HR migraine = 1.19 [1.11: 1.28]).ConclusionMigraine was associated with an increased risk of hypertension amongst menopausal women. In secondary analysis, we didn’t observe a significant difference between migraine with aura and migraine without aura.

scholarly journals Preschool Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Childhood Fracture: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 466,997 Children and Up to 11 Years of Follow‐up in Catalonia, Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1030
Author(s):  
Jennifer CE Lane ◽  
Katherine L Butler ◽  
Jose Luis Poveda‐Marina ◽  
Daniel Martinez‐Laguna ◽  
Carlen Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk
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