scholarly journals Impact and variability of social determinants of health on the transmission and outcomes of COVID-19 across the world: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e053481
Author(s):  
Minhazul Abedin ◽  
Abrar Wahab ◽  
Farah Naz Rahman ◽  
Fardina Rahman Omi ◽  
Saadia Shareen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated health inequalities across the globe, disproportionately affecting those with poor social determinants of health (SDOHs). It is imperative to understand how SDOH influences the transmission and outcomes (positive case, hospitalisation and mortality) of COVID-19. This systematic review will investigate the impact of a wide range of SDOHs across the globe on the transmission and outcomes of COVID-19.Methods and analysisThis review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines. We will search three electronic bibliographical databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Scopus), as well as the WHO COVID-19 Global Research on Coronavirus Disease database. We will consider observational studies that report statistical relationships between the SDOHs (as listed in PROGRESS-Plus and Healthy People 2020) and COVID-19 transmission and outcomes. There will be no limitation on the geographical location of publications. The quality of included observational studies will be assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis reporting standards will be used to report the review findings.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be based on published studies obtained from publicly available sources, and therefore, ethical approval is not required. We will publish the results of this review in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as present the study findings at a national conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021228818.

Mobile Health Interventions to Support Caregivers of Older Adults: An Equity-Focused Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Garnett ◽  
Melissa Northwood ◽  
Justine Ting ◽  
Ruheena Sangrar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Caregivers provide crucial support to older adults so they can remain safely in their homes as they age. Over time, caregivers’ own health can be negatively impacted by their caregiving role. The social determinants of health, such as gender and socioeconomic status, can influence assuming a caregiving role as well as the impacts of caregiving on the caregiver. While programs exist to support caregivers, uptake of these services does not match the need for services expressed by caregivers. Research suggests that supportive interventions offered via mobile health technologies have the potential to increase caregiver accessibility of supportive services. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding the extent to which the social determinants of health are considered in the design, implementation, and evaluation of mobile health (mHealth) interventions intended to support caregivers of older adults. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the impact of mHealth interventions in this population does not exist. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review to: (1) determine how health inequities are considered in the design, implementation, and evaluation of mHealth interventions for caregivers of older adults using Cochrane-Equity's PROGRESS-Plus framework; and (2) synthesize evidence of the impacts of caregiver-focused mHealth interventions. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in five databases and articles published between January 2010 and June 2021 were included if they evaluated or explored the impacts of mHealth interventions on the health and wellbeing of informal caregivers of older adults. mHealth interventions were defined as those that caregivers of older adults accessed via mobile or wireless devices. RESULTS A total of 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The interventions evaluated by the included studies sought to help caregivers make connections with services, facilitate the caregiving process, and promote the caregivers’ health and wellbeing. The PROGRESS-Plus framework factors were mainly considered in the results, discussion, and limitations sections of included studies. Some PROGRESS-Plus factors such as sexual orientation, religion and occupation, received little to no consideration in all phases of intervention design, implementation, or evaluation. Overall, findings of this review suggest that mHealth interventions were positively received by users. Such interventions may have the potential to reduce caregiver burden and positively impact caregivers’ physical and mental health while supporting them in their caregiving role. Study findings highlight the importance of available supports to help facilitate caregivers’ use of mHealth interventions particularly early on as well as the use of appropriate language and text. CONCLUSIONS Successful uptake and spread of mHealth interventions to support caregivers of older adults will depend on creating opportunities for inclusive involvement of a broad range of stakeholders at all stages of design, implementation, and assessment. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42021239584; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=239584

scholarly journals Impact of metformin on the risk and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in diabetics: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Yu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Liangtao Xia ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the infectious diseases with a leading cause of death among adults worldwide. Metformin, a first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, may have potential for treating TB. The aims of the present systematic review were to evaluate the impact of metformin prescription on the risk of tuberculosis diseases, the risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis among patients with diabetic mellitus. Methods Databases were searched through March 2019. Observational studies reporting the effect of metformin prescription on the risk and treatment outcomes of TB were included in the systematic review. We qualitatively analyzed results of included studies, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of different outcome using random-effect meta-analyses. Results This systematic review included 6980 cases from 12 observational studies. The meta-analysis suggested that metformin prescription could decrease the risk of TB among diabetics (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95%CI, 0.21 to 0.66). Metformin prescription was not related to a lower risk of LTBI (OR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.30 to 1.79) in patients with diabetes. Metformin medication during the anti-tuberculosis treatment is significantly associated with a smaller TB mortality (OR, 0.47; 95%CI, 0.27 to 0.83), and a higher probability of sputum culture conversion at 2 months of TB disease (OR, 2.72; 95%CI, 1.11 to 6.69) among patients with diabetes. The relapse of TB was not statistically reduced by metformin prescription (OR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.04 to 8.25) in diabetics. Conclusions According to current observational evidence, metformin prescription significantly reduced the risk of TB in patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment outcomes of TB disease could also be improved by the metformin medication among diabetics.

scholarly journals Teaching the social determinants of health through medical legal partnerships: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Welch ◽  
Benjamin Robinson ◽  
Michaela Lieberman Martin ◽  
Amy Salerno ◽  
Drew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Practice

Abstract Background Undergraduate and graduate medical education often includes the social determinants of health, but questions remain regarding how best to ensure that trainees become empowered to take action on the social determinants of health in their future practice. The authors conducted a systematic review to better define the impact that educational programs centered on medical legal partnerships have on trainees’ knowledge, attitudes and future practice. The authors sourced data from PubMed, Web of Science, Index to Legal Periodicals, LegalTrac, Google Scholar, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, SocINDEX, SSRN, and Proquest Social Sciences. Selected studies included those centered on Medical Legal Partnerships in undergraduate or graduate medical education and that measured outcomes of the participating trainees. Two abstractors independently extracted information about the study population, setting, design, intervention and outcomes. Results Six out of 483 studies met the inclusion criteria. One study highlighted four different MLPs, thus nine total MLP programs were included. Trainees included medical students as well as interns and residents from pediatrics, family medicine and internal medicine. Interventions ranged from didactic sessions, to advocacy projects, to hands-on community-based learning, to poverty simulation trainings. Benefits to trainees were wide in scope but all programs showed improvements in participants’ understanding, comfort, confidence, and/or abilities in identifying and intervening on the social determinants of health in their patients. Conclusion As medical schools and residency programs are increasingly considering how to effectively teach trainees to understand and address the social determinants of health, the findings in this systematic review suggest that inclusion of Medical Legal Partnerships into training programs is an effective approach.

Assessing baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes of social determinants of health after a health equity simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quyen Phan ◽  
Naomi Johnson ◽  
JoAnna Hillman ◽  
Daniel Geller ◽  
Laura P. Kimble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing ◽  
Baccalaureate Nursing Students ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveFor nursing students, competency in population health management involves acquiring knowledge and forming attitudes about the impact of the social determinants of health (SDoH) on health equity. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about the SDoH and health equity following a focused simulation activity.MethodBaccalaureate nursing students (N=182) participated in a ninety-minute health equity simulation and a post-simulation debrief. Forty-four students (23%) completed a 19-item post-simulation survey.ResultsSixty-four percent of participants reported positive attitude change in working with marginalized populations caused by the SDoH, and 89% reported being knowledgeable about the role of the registered nurse in addressing health equity. Seventy-five percent reported enhanced knowledge of the SDoH through the health equity simulation.ConclusionUsing health equity simulation may be effective in enhancing students’ knowledge, as well as their attitudes in caring for the health of marginalized populations by addressing the SDoH.

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