Long-term coffee consumption associated with reduced risk of total and cause-specific mortality

Abstract Background Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of some cancers, but the evidence for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is inconclusive. We investigated the relationship between coffee and RCC within a large cohort. Methods Coffee intake was assessed at baseline in the National Institutes of Health–American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. Among 420 118 participants eligible for analysis, 2674 incident cases were identified. We fitted Cox-regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for coffee consumption vs non-drinkers. Results We observed HRs of 0.94 (95% CI 0.81, 1.09), 0.94 (0.81, 1.09), 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) and 0.77 (0.66, 0.90) for usual coffee intake of <1, 1, 2–3 and ≥4 cups/day, respectively (Ptrend = 0.00003). This relationship was observed among never-smokers (≥4 cups/day: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46, 0.83; Ptrend = 0.000003) but not ever-smokers (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70, 1.05; Ptrend = 0.35; Pinteraction = 0.0009) and remained in analyses restricted to cases diagnosed >10 years after baseline (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51, 0.82; Ptrend = 0.0005). Associations were similar between subgroups who drank predominately caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee (Pinteraction = 0.74). Conclusion In this investigation of coffee and RCC, to our knowledge the largest to date, we observed a 20% reduced risk for intake of ≥2 cups/day vs not drinking. Our findings add RCC to the growing list of cancers for which coffee consumption may be protective.

Download Full-text

Pasta meal intake in relation to risks of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women : findings from the Women’s Health Initiative

BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ◽

10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000198 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bmjnph-2020-000198

Author(s):

Mengna Huang ◽

Kenneth Lo ◽

Jie Li ◽

Matthew Allison ◽

Wen-Chih Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Women's Health ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

White Bread ◽

Health Initiative ◽

Meal Intake ◽

Reduced Risk

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between pasta meal intake and long-term risk of developing diabetes or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) in postmenopausal women.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingWomen’s Health Initiative (WHI) in the USA.Participants84 555 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 in 1994, who were free of diabetes, ASCVD and cancer at baseline who were not in the dietary modification trial of the WHI, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and were evaluated for incident diabetes and ASCVD outcomes during the follow-up until 2010.Main outcome measureDiabetes and ASCVD.ResultsCox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association (HR) between quartiles of pasta meal consumption (residuals after adjusting for total energy) and the risk of incidence diabetes, CHD, stroke or ASCVD, accounting for potential confounding factors, with testing for linear trend. We then statistically evaluated the effect of substituting white bread or fried potato for pasta meal on disease risk. When comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of residual pasta meal intake, we observed significantly reduced risk of ASCVD (HR=0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96, p trend=0.002), stroke (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93, p trend=0.001), CHD (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00, p trend=0.058) and no significant alteration in diabetes risk (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07, p trend=0.328). Replacing white bread or fried potato with pasta meal was statistically associated with decreased risk of stroke and ASCVD.ConclusionsPasta meal intake did not have adverse effects on long-term diabetes risk and may be associated with significant reduced risk of stroke and ASCVD. The potential benefit of substituting pasta meal for other commonly consumed starchy foods on cardiometabolic outcomes warrants further investigation in additional high-quality and large prospective studies of diverse populations.

Download Full-text

Short- and Long-Term Dynamics of Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Using Cointegration Analysis

North American Actuarial Journal ◽

10.1080/10920277.2021.1874421 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Séverine Arnold ◽

Viktoriya Glushko

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Cointegration Analysis ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Short And Long Term

Download Full-text

Long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure and cause-specific mortality in the U.S. Medicare population

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2021.112154 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112154

Author(s):

Ki-Do Eum ◽

Trenton James Honda ◽

Bingyu Wang ◽

Fatemeh Kazemiparkouhi ◽

Justin Manjourides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Medicare Population ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

The U.S

Download Full-text

Serial measures of circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and total and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 476-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Marcia C de Oliveira Otto ◽

Rozenn N Lemaitre ◽

Xiaoling Song ◽

Irena B King ◽

David S Siscovick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Heptadecanoic Acid ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

Dairy Fat ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background Controversy has emerged about the benefits compared with harms of dairy fat, including concerns over long-term effects. Previous observational studies have assessed self-reported estimates of consumption or a single biomarker measure at baseline, which may lead to suboptimal estimation of true risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations of serial measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), and trans-palmitoleic (trans-16:1n–7) acids with total mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults. Design Among 2907 US adults aged ≥65 y and free of CVD at baseline, circulating fatty acid concentrations were measured serially at baseline, 6 y, and 13 y. Deaths and CVD events were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Prospective associations were assessed by multivariate-adjusted Cox models incorporating time-dependent exposures and covariates. Results During 22 y of follow-up, 2428 deaths occurred, including 833 from CVD, 1595 from non-CVD causes, and 1301 incident CVD events. In multivariable models, circulating pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and trans-palmitoleic acids were not significantly associated with total mortality, with extreme-quintile HRs of 1.05 for pentadecanoic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.22), 1.07 for heptadecanoic (95% CI: 0.93, 1.23), and 1.05 for trans-palmitoleic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.20) acids. Circulating heptadecanoic acid was associated with lower CVD mortality (extreme-quintile HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98), especially stroke mortality, with a 42% lower risk when comparing extreme quintiles of heptadecanoic acid concentrations (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.97). In contrast, heptadecanoic acid was associated with a higher risk of non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.52), which was not clearly related to any single subtype of non-CVD death. No significant associations of pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids were seen for total incident CVD, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Conclusions Long-term exposure to circulating phospholipid pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids was not significantly associated with total mortality or incident CVD among older adults. High circulating heptadecanoic acid was inversely associated with CVD and stroke mortality and potentially associated with higher risk of non-CVD death.

Download Full-text