Tradition or innovation? Cafe Galavis, a brand with an international vision

Research methodology An interview was conducted with the general manager and semi-structured interviews with Likert scale to the main clients, collaborators and suppliers to establish the key competencies of the firm. Secondary information was collected through the organization’s historical and strategic documents. Learning outcomes At the end of the case study, students will be able to learn international marketing, innovation, strategic management, international business strategy; analyze the brand equity construct through the associative neural network model for decision-making; determine the internationalization strategy using the dual pressures model and sources of competitive advantage for international marketing management; and propose the innovation of a product by applying creativity techniques or innovation models to enter international markets. Case overview/synopsis Café Galavis is a family business leader in the production and commercialization of roasted and ground coffee for 103 years in Colombia. The new chief executive officer recovered the financial stability during his management during the period from 2015 to 2019, implementing internationalization processes. However, the sanitary crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Colombia, generated an economic recession, which led to a decrease in coffee consumption. How to innovate in the development of a product or service in times of pandemic? What internationalization strategy implement? These are the challenges that the new management and its collaborators will confront. Complexity academic level The teaching case is aimed at students of postgraduate academic programs in areas Management or MBA. In the modules of Marketing the case allows the orientation of the concepts of brand equity or branding. Likewise, in the modules of International Management, the definition of the internationalization strategy through the analysis of dual pressures and sources of competitive advantage. Finally, in the modules of Innovation different methodologies or techniques for innovation can be applied such as: SCAMPER, Design thinking or the Stage Gate Model. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 5: International Business

Benefits of coffee consumption for human health: an overview

Background: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and is popular for its characteristic flavor and rich organoleptic properties. Aim: Based on published articles, the aims of this review are i) study the association between coffee consumption and benefits to human health; ii) the effects of coffee consumption on some pathologies; and iii) provide a description of coffee’s bioactive compounds. Discussion: Coffee presents bioactive compounds, which include phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid (caffeoylquinic acid), trigonelline, and diterpenes, such as cafestol and kahweol. These compounds are related to the beneficial effects for human health, including high antioxidant activity, antimutagenic activity, hepatoprotective action, reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, decreased incidence of inflammatory diseases, reduced menopausal symptoms, and others. Coffee’s bioactive compounds are caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol, which are closely related to coffee’s beneficial effects. Conclusion: The present review clarified that the benefits of moderate coffee consumption outweigh the associated risks.

Metabolic and lifestyle factors in relation to senile cataract: a Mendelian randomization study

We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to determine the associations of body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2D), systolic blood pressure (SBP), coffee and alcohol consumption and smoking initiation with senile cataract. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the metabolic and lifestyle factors at the p < 5 × 10–8 were selected as instrument variables. Summary-level data for senile cataract were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (20,157 cases and 154,905 non-cases) and UK Biobank study (6332 cases and 354,862 non-cases). Higher genetically predicted BMI and SBP and genetic predisposition to T2D and smoking initiation were associated with an increased risk of senile cataract. The combined odds ratios were 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.29; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in BMI (~ 4.8 kg/m2), 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.23; p = 0.004) per 10 mmHg increase in SBP, 1.06 (95% CI 1.03–1.09; p < 0.001) per one unit increase in log-transformed odds ratio of T2D, and 1.19 (95% CI 1.10–1.29; p < 0.001) per one standard deviation increase in prevalence of smoking initiation. Genetically predicted coffee consumption showed a suggestive association with senile cataract (odds ratio per 50% increase, 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.40; p = 0.050). This study suggests causal roles of obesity, T2D, SBP and smoking in senile cataract.

Do connoisseur consumers care about sustainability? Exploring coffee consumption practices through netnography

PurposeThe coffee industry has experienced two major trends: the development of connoisseur consumption of specialty coffee and the importance of sustainability. Despite the increasing concomitant relevance of both trends, literature on how sustainability has been interlacing with connoisseur consumption is rather limited. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse how connoisseur consumers (CC) integrate sustainability into their coffee consumption practices.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a qualitative netnographic approach through an interpretive cultural analysis of specialty coffee bloggers narratives, conceived as a specific sub-group of CC that tend to be particularly active on social media.FindingsThrough the lens of social practice theories, the study reveals that CC are likely to implement and perceive sustainability very differently from the dominant mass market as subject to the influence of their shared rituals, values, norms and symbolic meanings. Such findings are relevant under a managerial perspective as they also generate insights on how to foster environmentally friendly practices in coffee consumers as well as on how to create more sustainable marketing strategies.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on coffee consumption behaviour and sustainability. First, by analysing actual behaviours rather than intended, the study offers an alternative approach to the dominant paradigm of linear decisions models in the study of sustainable consumption. Second, because CC possess a unique consumption style, different from the mainstream market, the analysis has led towards the identification of alternative sustainable consumption patterns and enablers.

Possible relationships of selected food items to osteoporosis among a group of Iraqi women

Background: Osteoporosis is a global health problem which is estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide, especially postmenopausal women. It is characterized by decreased bone mineral density leading to fragility and increased risk of fractures. Objective: This study was conducted to explore the consumption of inappropriate foods related to osteoporosis among a group of Iraqi women. JFac Med Baghdad 2021; Vol.63, No. 4 Received: Sep., 2021 Accepted: Nov., 2021 Published: Jan., 2021 Patients and methods: A cross sectional study of 140 females aged ≥ 40 years attending polyclinics in Al-Dora sector in Baghdad city from 18th January to 24th April 2021. The bone mineral density was measured by portable quantitative calcaneal ultrasound machine (osteosystem) and the bone was assessed for osteoporosis by T-score. Food frequency questionnaire was used for collecting data related to food consumption. Results: Out of the total sample, 74 (52.9%) were found to be osteoporotic. There was a significant association with high salt and coffee consumption with the occurrence of osteoporosis (77.3% and 83.3%, respectively, p = 0.001), compared to those who did not consume caffeinated drinks. Participants with daily consumption of caffeinated drinks had a highly significant association with osteoporosis (21.8% vs 100%, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Excessive consumption of salty foods and caffeinated beverages appears to exert a negative effect on bone mineral density and the occurrence of osteoporosis among the studied group of Iraqi women.

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Patients Performing Routine Examinations at the Kebayakan Public Health Center, Central Aceh Regency

The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension in patients who carry out routine checks at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas). Method: using analytical survey method using Case Control research design. The sample was 148 respondents, 74 case groups and 74 control groups were taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed univariate, bivariate and multivariate with multiple logistic regression. The results of the bivariate test showed that the factors influencing the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension were age (p= 0.002; OR = 3,253), family history (p= 0.000; OR = 4.216), obesity (p= 0.005; OR = 2.734), physical activity (p= 0.000; OR = 4.229), salt consumption (p= 0.000; OR = 4,127), coffee consumption (p= 0.010; OR = 4,127), stress (p= 0.000; OR = 3,745), medication adherence (p= 0.000; OR = 4.492). Factors that were not related were gender (p= 0.620; OR = 0.803), smoking (p= 1,000; OR = 1,000). While the results of the multivariate test showed that the most influential factors with the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension were medication adherence variable (p= 0.000; Exp(B) = 5.982), and obesity variable (p= 0.002; Exp(B) = 4.945). In conclusion, the dominant factors that influence the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension at the Kebayakan Health Center are medication adherence and obesity.

Pola Hidup Penderita Hipertensi di Desa Duata Karya Kecamatan Masama Tahun 2021

Hipertensi adalah peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik sedikitnya 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik sedikitnya 90 mmHg. Sesuai dengan data di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tangeban Kecamatan Masama tahun 2020, bahwa Desa Duata Karya merupakan satu-satunya Desa yang penyakit hipertensi tertinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola hidup penderita hipertensi di Desa Duata Karya Kecamatan Masama menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan total sampling. Pengumpulan data berdasarkan data primer dan data sekunder. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dan di sajikan dalam bentuk tabel yang menggambarkan penyajian data dalam bentuk distribus frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko tidak dapat di modivikasi yaitu jenis kelamin responden terbanyak pada jenis kelamin perempuan (59,8%), umur terbanyak adalah golongan umur 61 tahun keatas (58,5%), faktor risiko keturunan sebagian besar responden tidak memiliki keturunan (43,9%), dan untuk faktor risiko yang dapat di modivikasi mendapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi oral sebanyak (6,5%) responden dan kontrasepsi terbanyak yang digunakan adalah kontrasepsi jenis spiral sebanyak (54,3%), faktor risiko konsumsi garam lebih pada responden sebanyak 71 responden (86,6%), faktor risiko konsumsi kopi sebagian besar mengkonsumsi kopi (84,1%). Untuk itu di harapkan kepada masyarakat untuk tetap menjaga pola hidup dengan mengurangi konsumsi garam berlebihan, tidak mengkonsumsi alkohol, dan mengurangi konsumsi kopi Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure of at least 90 mmHg. In accordance with the data in the working area of Tangeban Health Center masama subdistrict in 2020, that Duata Karya Village is the only village with the highest hypertension disease. This study aims to find out the lifestyle of people with hypertension in Duata Karya Village masama subdistrict using a type of descriptive research, using total sampling. Data collection based on primary data and secondary data. Data processing using the SPSS program. The analysis in this study uses univariate analysis and is presented in the form of a table that describes the presentation of data in the form of frequency distribution. The results showed that the risk factors that cannot be modivikasi are the sex of the respondents mostly in the female sex (59.8%), the most age is the age group 61 years and above (58.5%), the risk factors of heredity most of the respondents do not have offspring (43.9%), and for risk factors that can be modivikasi get the result that the use of oral contraceptives as much as (6.5%) respondents and the most contraceptives used are spiral type contraceptives se many (54.3%), risk factors for more salt consumption in respondents as many as 71 respondents (86.6%), risk factors for coffee consumption mostly consumed coffee (84.1%). For this reason, it is expected to keep the lifestyle by reducing excessive salt consumption, not consuming alcohol, and reducing coffee consumption

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