Comment on ‘A qualitative approach to Bayes’ theorem' by Medow and Lucey

Purpose This article presents a basic exploration of Bayesian inference to inform researchers unfamiliar to this type of analysis of the many advantages this readily available approach provides. Method First, we demonstrate the development of Bayes' theorem, the cornerstone of Bayesian statistics, into an iterative process of updating priors. Working with a few assumptions, including normalcy and conjugacy of prior distribution, we express how one would calculate the posterior distribution using the prior distribution and the likelihood of the parameter. Next, we move to an example in auditory research by considering the effect of sound therapy for reducing the perceived loudness of tinnitus. In this case, as well as most real-world settings, we turn to Markov chain simulations because the assumptions allowing for easy calculations no longer hold. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, we can illustrate several analysis solutions given by a straightforward Bayesian approach. Conclusion Bayesian methods are widely applicable and can help scientists overcome analysis problems, including how to include existing information, run interim analysis, achieve consensus through measurement, and, most importantly, interpret results correctly. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7822592

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Outcome – Studien im Zusammenhang mit Laboranalysen

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930/a000649 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

Andreas R. Huber

Keyword(s):

Bayes Theorem ◽

Wird Eine ◽

Psa Test

Biochemische Erkenntnisse und das Wissen über Stoffwechselvorgänge bis zum einzelnen Molekül und die rasche Entwicklung von neuen, sehr leistungsfähigen Methoden haben es erlaubt, dass die Labormedizin als wichtiger Bestandteil von Diagnose, Ausschluss, Therapie, Monitoring und als prädiktiver Test Einzug in die Medizin erhalten hat. Wichtig ist nicht nur die Qualität des Assays, sondern auch das Fachwissen um den Test, d. h. dass ein Test für die richtige Fragestellung eingesetzt wird und die Wertigkeit dem Kliniker bekannt ist. Hinzu kommen das Einhalten der präanalytischen Bedingungen, Kenntnisse über statistische Fakten wie Bayes Theorem und der gekonnte Miteinbezug anderer Resultate, klinischer Gegebenheiten. So lässt sich Berechnung oder wenigstens Abschätzung einer postanalytischen Wahrscheinlichkeit erheben. Der gleiche Test wird eine sehr unterschiedliche Performance haben je nach dem gewählten Einsatzort, resp. dem gewählten Patientenkollektiv. So macht z. B. ein erstmaliger PSA-Test bei einem 70-jährigen Patienten wenig Sinn. Weiter spielen auch die Qualitäten des Tests eine entscheidende Rolle. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass gerade in der Labormedizin weitere Outcome-Studien folgen werden. Der Wert dieser nimmt zu, da die Tests in der Regel nicht bis wenig invasiv, relativ günstig und rasch erhältlich sind.

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Different Forms of Work Satisfaction

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.3.3.209 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 209-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

André Büssing ◽

Thomas Bissels

Keyword(s):

Work Satisfaction ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Extended Model ◽

Work Situation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Global Satisfaction ◽

Evaluative Processes ◽

The Right ◽

Level Of Aspiration

The extended model of different forms of work satisfaction ( Büssing, 1991 ), originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) , is suggested as a distinctive qualitative approach to work satisfaction. Six forms of work satisfaction—progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction, constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction—are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Preliminary evidence from semi-structured interviews with 46 nurses shows that the dynamic model is headed in the right direction (qualitative differentiation of consistently high propertions of satisfied employees, uncovering processes of person-work situation interaction). Qualitative methods demonstrated their usefulness in accessing underlying cognitive and evaluative processes of the forms, which are often neglected by traditional attitude-based satisfaction research.

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Coming Together Through Falling Apart

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 151-168

Author(s):

Heather Churchill ◽

Jeremy M. Ridenour

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Psychological Assessments ◽

Transference And Countertransference ◽

Testing Data ◽

Psychoanalytically Oriented Psychotherapy

Abstract. Assessing change during long-term psychotherapy can be a challenging and uncertain task. Psychological assessments can be a valuable tool and can offer a perspective from outside the therapy dyad, independent of the powerful and distorting influences of transference and countertransference. Subtle structural changes that may not yet have manifested behaviorally can also be assessed. However, it can be difficult to find a balance between a rigorous, systematic approach to data, while also allowing for the richness of the patient’s internal world to emerge. In this article, the authors discuss a primarily qualitative approach to the data and demonstrate the ways in which this kind of approach can deepen the understanding of the more subtle or complex changes a particular patient is undergoing while in treatment, as well as provide more detail about the nature of an individual’s internal world. The authors also outline several developmental frameworks that focus on the ways a patient constructs their reality and can guide the interpretation of qualitative data. The authors then analyze testing data from a patient in long-term psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy in order to demonstrate an approach to data analysis and to show an example of how change can unfold over long-term treatments.

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