An investigation into the cognitive and neuropsychological sequelae of minor head injury in children – a prospective pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A5.1-A5
Author(s):  
Jacques Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Minor Head Injury ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Minimum Number

ObjectivesAlthough the majority of head-injured children are Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 15 and do not require admission or further investigations there is evidence that some children with a minor head injury (MHI) will go on to experience significant morphological and functional brain deficits. In view of the lack of controlled studies into the sequelae of MHI in children we carried out a pilot study that examined the neuropsychological performance in children who had sustained an MHI.MethodsChildren aged 6–12 years who presented to the Emergency Department of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh with a MHI (GCS 15) were recruited to the study. Neuropsychological assessment was performed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB); a computerised battery of tests, which measures motor skills, visual attention, spatial memory, working memory and non-verbal memory span. CANTAB also assesses executive function, which is the highest level of cognitive function that manages planning and allows flexible thought and action.Results15 head-injured children were recruited over the study period (eleven boys and four girls). A 2 (subject groups) × 3 (time points) repeated measures Analysis of variance was used on the number of problems solved using the minimum number of computer moves at each time point, which showed a significant interaction (p=0.003). Bonferroni posthoc comparisons demonstrated that in week 1 the head-injured group were significantly lower in performance compared to normative data (p=0.03), but significantly increased in performance between week 1 and 12 months (p=0.0001). The difference in the head-injured group performance between week 1 and week 6 approached significance (p=0.05).ConclusionThe MHI group show a significantly poorer performance with regards to problem-solving in a minimum number of moves, which may indicate impulsive tendencies and insufficient planning ability. Children with a MHI may therefore be at risk of developing problems with high-level cognitive function postinjury.

scholarly journals Tablet-Based Patient-Centered Decision Support for Minor Head Injury in the Emergency Department: Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep Singh ◽  
Erik Hess ◽  
George Guo ◽  
Adam Sharp ◽  
Brian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Minor Head Injury ◽  
Patient Centered

Abstract 22: Visit-to-Visit Variability in Blood Pressure is Related to Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Qin ◽  
Anthony J Viera ◽  
Linda S Adair ◽  
Brenda L Plassman ◽  
Lloyd J Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Introduction: Recent studies suggest higher visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure (BP) is associated with worse cognitive function, but evidence based on longitudinal cognitive testing has not been reported. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher visit-to-visit variability in BP, but not mean BP, would be associated with faster decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This prospective cohort study comprised 1213 adults who had two or more waves of BP measurements as part of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991, up to their first cognitive tests, and completed a cognitive screening test at two or more waves in 1997, 2000 or 2004. Mean (SD) age at first cognitive test was 64 (6) y. Outcomes were repeated measures of global cognitive scores (baseline mean ± SD: 19 ± 6 points), standardized composite cognitive and verbal memory scores (standardized units [SU]). Visit-to visit BP variability was expressed as the standard deviation [SD] or as the variation independent of mean (SD/mean^x, with x derived from curve fitting) in BP measures obtained at a mean interval of 3.6 years. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the association of changes in cognitive scores with visit-to visit BP variability. Results: Higher visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP, but not mean systolic BP, was associated with a faster decline of cognitive function (adjusted mean difference [95% CI] for high vs. low tertile of SD in variability (Figure): global score -0.23 points/y [-0.41 to -0.04], composite scores -0.029 SU/y [-0.056 to -0.002] and verbal memory -0.044 SU/y [-0.075 to -0.012]). Higher visit-to-visit variability in diastolic BP was associated with a faster decline of global cognitive function only among adults 55-64 years, independent of mean diastolic BP. Conclusion: Higher long-term BP visit-to-visit variability predicted a faster rate of cognitive decline among older adults.

scholarly journals Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of breakfast predict cognitive function and mood in school children: a randomised controlled trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1552-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Micha ◽  
Peter J. Rogers ◽  
Michael Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
School Children ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Glycaemic Load ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The macronutrient composition of a breakfast that could facilitate performance after an overnight fast remains unclear. As glucose is the brain's major energy source, the interest is in investigating meals differing in their blood glucose-raising potential. Findings vary due to unaccounted differences in glucoregulation, arousal and cortisol secretion. We investigated the effects of meals differing in glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) on cognition and mood in school children. A total of seventy-four school children were matched and randomly allocated either to the high-GL or low-GL group. Within each GL group, children received high-GI and low-GI breakfasts. Cognitive function (CF) and mood were measured 95–140 min after breakfast. Blood glucose and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, before and after the CF tests. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to identify differences in CF, mood, glucose and cortisol levels between the breakfasts. Low-GI meals predicted feeling more alert and happy, and less nervous and thirsty (P < 0·05 for each); high-GL meals predicted feeling more confident, and less sluggish, hungry and thirsty (P < 0·05 for each). High-GL (P < 0·001) and high-GI (P = 0·05) meals increased glucose levels 90 min after breakfast, and high-GI meals increased cortisol levels (P < 0·01). When baseline mood, glucose and cortisol levels were considered, low-GI meals predicted better declarative-verbal memory (P = 0·03), and high-GI meals better vigilance (P < 0·03); observed GI effects were valid across GL groups. GI effects on cognition appear to be domain specific. On balance, it would appear that the low-GI high-GL breakfast may help to improve learning, and of potential value in informing government education policies relating to dietary recommendations and implementation concerning breakfast.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Intake on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morimasa Kato ◽  
Ryuji Ochiai ◽  
Kazuya Kozuma ◽  
Hirotaka Sato ◽  
Yoshihisa Katsuragi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Finger Tapping Test

Objective. To evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) intake on cognitive function. Methods. In this pilot study, the Cogstate and CNS Vital Signs test batteries were used to evaluate cognitive function in 8 healthy elderly men and women complaining of subjective memory loss after a 6-month intake of a test beverage containing 330 mg of CGAs just before bedtime. Results. After a 6-month CGA intake period, significant improvement was observed in the One Back Test of the Cogstate, the Shifting Attention Test, and Finger Tapping Test as well as in the composite memory, verbal memory, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, executive function, and motor speed domains of the CNS Vital Signs test battery. Conclusion. A 6-month intake of CGAs may improve attentional, executive, and memory functions in the elderly with complaints of subjective memory loss.

scholarly journals Measurement of S-100B for risk classification of victims sustaining minor head injury: first pilot study in Brazil

Clinics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F Poli-de-Figueiredo ◽  
Peter Biberthaler ◽  
Charles Simao Filho ◽  
Christopher Hauser ◽  
Wolf Mutschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Minor Head Injury

Cerebral autoregulation following minor head injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth C. Jünger ◽  
David W. Newell ◽  
Gerald A. Grant ◽  
Anthony M. Avellino ◽  
Saadi Ghatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Minor Head Injury ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with minor head injury experience impairments in cerebral autoregulation. Twenty-nine patients with minor head injuries defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13 to 15 underwent testing of dynamic cerebral autoregulation within 48 hours of their injury using continuous transcranial Doppler velocity recordings and blood pressure recordings. Twenty-nine age-matched normal volunteers underwent autoregulation testing in the same manner to establish comparison values. The function of the autoregulatory response was assessed by the cerebral blood flow velocity response to induced rapid brief changes in arterial blood pressure and measured as the autoregulation index (ARI). Eight (28%) of the 29 patients with minor head injury demonstrated poorly functioning or absent cerebral autoregulation versus none of the controls, and this difference was highly significant (p = 0.008). A significant correlation between lower blood pressure and worse autoregulation was found by regression analysis in head-injured patients (r = 0.6, p < 0.001); however, lower blood pressure did not account for the autoregulatory impairment in all patients. Within this group of head-injured patients there was no correlation between ARI and initial GCS or 1-month Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. This study indicates that a significant number of patients with minor head injury may have impaired cerebral autoregulation and may be at increased risk for secondary ischemic neuronal damage.

scholarly journals Impairment of Cognitive Function in Different Domains Early After Lung Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Tomasi ◽  
Mathias Klemm ◽  
Christian Ludwig Hinske ◽  
Nikolai Hulde ◽  
René Schramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Before And After

AbstractIn this prospective observational pilot study patients with the diagnosis of end-stage lung disease and listed for lung transplantation underwent a cognitive function test battery before and after lung transplantation to investigate postoperative cognitive function in three domains (visual and verbal memory, executive functioning, concentration/speed of processing). Additionally we investigated intraoperative risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In total, 24 patients were included in this pilot study. The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was 58.3%. In the cognitive dysfunction group, the domains executive functioning and concentration/attention were significantly impaired whereas memory was not affected. Patients with cognitive impairment had a significantly longer ICU stay. The strongest independent risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction was operation time. No influence of cerebral oxygen desaturations on cognitive dysfunction was found. This might have important implications for early psychological rehabilitation strategies in this high-risk patient collective.

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