scholarly journals Diagnostic value of serum primary bile acids in detecting bile acid malabsorption.

Gut ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aldini ◽  
A Roda ◽  
D Festi ◽  
G Mazzella ◽  
A M Morselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption

Plasma Lathosterol as a Screening Test for Bile Acid Malabsorption Due to Ileal Resection: Correlation with 75SeHCAT Test and Faecal Bile Acid Excretion

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Färkkilä ◽  
K. J. Kairemo ◽  
M. J. Taavitsainen ◽  
T. A. Strandberg ◽  
T. A. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Biological Half Life ◽  
Schilling Test

1. Plasma lathosterol concentration, known to reflect cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, was evaluated as a screening test for bile acid malabsorption, comparing it with faecal bile acid measurements, SeHCAT test and Schilling test in 22 subjects of whom six were healthy controls and 16 had Crohn's disease with ileal resections of varying length. 2. Plasma lathosterols and other non-cholesterol sterols were determined by GLC. Faecal bile acids were measured by GLC, and SeHCAT retention times by gamma camera. The study subjects were divided into two groups according to the degree of bile acid malabsorption: controls (faecal bile acids<10 mg day−1 kg−1, n = 9) and bile acid malabsorption (faecal bile acids > 10 mg day−1 kg−1, n = 13). 3. Faecal bile acid excretion was 5.9 ± 1.0 mg day−1 kg−1 in control subjects and 45.7 ± 6.1 mg day−1 kg−1 in the bile acid malabsorption group. The biological half-life of 75SeHCAT (T½) was 95.6 ± 16.3 h and 14.1 ± 4.1 h, respectively. Plasma lathosterol levels were significantly elevated in patients with bile acid malabsorption (742 ± 84 μg/ml compared with 400 ± 59 μg/ml in control subjects) and correlated closely with faecal bile acid levels (r = 0.779, P<0.001), with 75SeHCAT T½ (r = −0.524, P<0.05) and with Schilling test (r = −0.591, P<0.05). Significant correlations were also obtained for Δ8-cholestenol with faecal bile acids (r = 0.784, P<0.001) and 75SeHCAT (r = −0.505, P<0.05). The biological half-life of SeHCAT correlated with faecal bile acid excretion (r = −0.702, P<0.01). Using mean + 2 SD of lathosterol (In μg/ml cholesterol) as a cut-off value and 10 mg day−1 kg−1 as the upper limit for faecal bile acid excretion, the test gives 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity for plasma lathosterol determination to detect bile acid malabsorption. 4. The results indicate that both the 75SeHCAT test and plasma lathosterol detect bile acid malabsorption in patients with ileal resections for Crohn's disease. However, plasma lathosterol is a simpler and less expensive method.

scholarly journals Biliary lipid composition in idiopathic bile acid malabsorption

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fracchia ◽  
S Pellegrino ◽  
P Secreto ◽  
A Pera ◽  
G Galatola
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Acid Pool ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition

Background—Chronic diarrhoea is the clinical hallmark of patients presenting with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption. Its pathogenesis is unknown; colonic water secretion can be induced by dihydroxy bile acids, but it is not known whether enrichment of the bile acid pool with these bile acids occurs in such patients. Furthermore, bile acid malabsorption is known to affect biliary lipid composition, but no information is available for the idiopathic type.Aims—To verify: (a) whether diarrhoea in patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption is associated with enrichment of the bile acid pool with dihydroxy bile acids; and (b) whether supersaturation with cholesterol of duodenal bile occurs in such patients as a result of chronic bile acid depletion.Patients—Thirteen patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption diagnosed according to abnormal 75SeHCAT test and absence of other organic diseases, and 23 control subjects.Methods—Bile rich duodenal fluid was collected during intravenous ceruletide infusion in the fasting state. Biliary lipids were analysed by enzymatic assays and bile acids by high performance liquid chromatography.Results—Patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption had a cholesterol saturation index similar to controls. Bile acid composition showed only a decrease in percentage cholic acid (29 (2)% versus 36 (2)%; p<0.05); the dihydroxy:trihydroxy bile acid ratio was similar to controls.Conclusions—Patients with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption do not have an increased risk of forming cholesterol gallstones. The mechanism of diarrhoea does not seem to depend on an enrichment of the bile acid pool with dihydroxy bile acids.

scholarly journals Therapeutic targeting of bile acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (4) ◽  
pp. G209-G215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Gregory J. Gores
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Bile Acid Receptor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The first objectives of this article are to review the structure, chemistry, and physiology of bile acids and the types of bile acid malabsorption observed in clinical practice. The second major theme addresses the classical or known properties of bile acids, such as the role of bile acid sequestration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapeutics, from traditional oriental medicine to being, until recently, the drug of choice in cholestatic liver diseases; and the potential for normalizing diverse bowel dysfunctions in irritable bowel syndrome, either by sequestering intraluminal bile acids for diarrhea or by delivering more bile acids to the colon to relieve constipation. The final objective addresses novel concepts and therapeutic opportunities such as the interaction of bile acids and the microbiome to control colonic infections, as in Clostridium difficile-associated colitis, and bile acid targeting of the farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 with consequent effects on energy expenditure, fat metabolism, and glycemic control.

scholarly journals The role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of bowel diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Panek-Jeziorna ◽  
Agata Mulak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Bile acids not only play a cardinal role in the digestion and absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, but also significantly affect gastrointestinal motor, sensory and secretory functions, intestinal barrier permeability and the regulation of the inflammatory response. The results of recent studies have revealed complex interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiota. In addition, bile acids also play a role of signaling molecules regulating the activity of lipid and glucose metabolic pathways, as well as a role of ligands for transcription factors. Genetic factors associated with the regulation of bile acid synthesis, transport and action may significantly influence gastrointestinal function and predispose to diarrhea resulting from bile acid malabsorption. Methods used in the diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption include 75selenium-homotaurocholic acid test, serum C4 and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), as well as fecal bile acid levels. The paper presents the latest data on the role of bile acid in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Advances in the treatment of disturbances in bile acids absorption and synthesis are also presented. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating bile acid action may have implication for colorectal cancer prevention.

196 - Comparison of Ability of Elevated Fecal Primary Bile Acids and Total Fecal Bile Acids to Detect Accelerated Colonic Transit and High Stool Weight in Suspected Bile Acid Malabsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-52-S-53
Author(s):  
Priya Vijayvargiya ◽  
Victor Chedid ◽  
Alan R. Zinsmeister ◽  
Irene Busciglio ◽  
Duane Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Stool Weight ◽  
Bile Acid Malabsorption ◽  
Fecal Bile Acids

Pharmacological effects of secondary bile acid microparticles in diabetic murine model

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Nassim Zamani ◽  
Bozica Kovacevic ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Giuseppe Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Aim: Examine bile acids effects in Type 2 diabetes. Background: In recent studies, the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects in obese patients while in type 2 diabetics (T2D) levels of the pro-inflammatory bile acid lithocholic acid were increased, and levels of the anti-inflammatory bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid were decreased, in plasma. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to examine applications of novel UDCA nanoparticles in diabetes. Methods: Diabetic balb/c adult mice were divided into three equal groups and gavaged daily with either empty microcapsules, free UDCA, or microencapsulated UDCA over two weeks. Their blood, tissues, urine, and faeces were collected for blood glucose, inflammation, and bile acid analyses. UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Results: UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Conclusion: Bile acids modulated the bile profile without affecting blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Manipulating the Microbiome: An Alternative Treatment for Bile Acid Diarrhoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Evette B. M. Hillman ◽  
Sjoerd Rijpkema ◽  
Danielle Carson ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Uk

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a widespread gastrointestinal disease that is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome and is estimated to affect 1% of the United Kingdom (UK) population alone. BAD is associated with excessive bile acid synthesis secondary to a gastrointestinal or idiopathic disorder (also known as primary BAD). Current licensed treatment in the UK has undesirable effects and has been the same since BAD was first discovered in the 1960s. Bacteria are essential in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The profile of an individual’s bile acid pool is central in bile acid homeostasis as bile acids regulate their own synthesis. Therefore, microbiome dysbiosis incurred through changes in diet, stress levels and the introduction of antibiotics may contribute to or be the cause of primary BAD. This literature review focuses on primary BAD, providing an overview of bile acid metabolism, the role of the human gut microbiome in BAD and the potential options for therapeutic intervention in primary BAD through manipulation of the microbiome.

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