Development and Characterization of Enclosed Prochlorperazine Maleate Floating Alginate Beads

The objective of present study aims to formulate enclosed floating alginate beads of Prochlorperazine Maleate (PCZM) for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. The Prochlorperazine Maleate which is having lower bioavailability up to 12.5% and also, it’s a lower biological half-life so which required multiple dosing frequencies 3-4 times a day. Bioavailability refers that to extend and rate at which the active moiety enters into the systemic circulation to the site of action. Biological half-life is the time that a body requires to eliminate one-half the quantity of an administered substance. So, by using Floating Alginate Beads of Prochlorperazine maleate which is help to Produced sustained released action up to 12 hours. Hence, it helpful for improvement of bioavailability and biological half-life, and reduced frequency of dosing. The Prochlorperazine Maleate (PCZM) beads were formulated by the Ionotropic gelation method by sodium alginate solution containing Low methylated pectin in various ratios. The Preformulation study was performed like Physical characters, Drug Excipients compatibility study by Calibration curve, FTIR and DSC study. The floating alginate beads were evaluated by different parameters like Percentage yield, Drug Content (DC) & Entrapment Efficiency (EE), In-vitro Drug Release study, particle size analysis, Z-Potential, SEM, PXRD, Stability study. The result of the FT-IR and DSC study indicated the stability and compatibility of the drug & polymers. The standard calibration curve in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) showed a regression of 0.999. The percentage yield was found to be 86.29% to 95.90%. The drug content was found to be 3.7- 4.7 mg. The percentage buoyancy was found to be 89.40% to 97.50%. The in-vitro drug release study of the formulated batch was ranged from 77.29% to 91.44% at the end of 12 h. The best formulation was selected as batch B-2 which gives the best result based on Percentage Yield, DC, EE, buoyancy study, and In-vitro Drug Released st

The excretion of 137Cs from silver prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) with different water temperature under nature conditions in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the activity concentration of radionuclides in fish reached hundreds of kBq kg-1. Determination in the dynamics of the content of radionuclides in the body of fish is necessary for the radiation protection of humans and the environment. The data presented in the literature are extremely contradictory and such large differences in the main parameters of radionuclide metabolism in fish require clarification in nature conditions. The aim of this work was to determine the rate of excretion (biological half-life) of 137Cs from the body of silver Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) at different water temperatures (1-29 °С) depending on the weight of the fish (20±5 and 40±6 g) in real conditions of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. As a result of experimental studies, the values of the biological half-life of 137Cs for silver carp was 193-495 days at water temperature 3.7±0.9 °C and 63-92 days at water temperature 22±4 °С were obtained. Due to an increase in the weight of fish (biodilution) at water temperatures > 13 °C, the half-life of the activity concentration of 137Cs in the muscle tissue of fish decreased to 39-58 day-1. The obtained data correspond to the previously obtained values in aquarium experiments. The results obtained in this work show that the level of radioactive contamination of fish in winter will change slightly compared to summer time, which is also confirmed by experimental data obtained in aquarium experiments.

Experimental Screening Study of the Antiarhythmic Activity of Empagliflosin

The antiarrhythmic activity of the type 2 sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitor Empagliflozin was studied in a model induced by calcium chloride in C57BL mice. It was found that preliminary administration of Empagliflozin at a dose of 1 mg/kg prevented CaCl2-induced ventricular arrhythmia and death during four periods of the biological half-life of the drug.

Development and Characterization of LBG-PVA Interpenetrating Networks Incorporating Gliclazide for Sustained Release

Background: Controlled oral dosage forms have always been preferred for drugs with variable absorption, and short biological half life and frequent dosing. The prime goal with sustained release systems is to maintain uniform therapeutic blood levels for longer periods of time. Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) have been evidenced as uniform sustained release systems. In current study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and locust bean gum (LBG) based IPNs were developed for the oral sustained release drug delivery of gliclazide (shows variable absorption). Method: The IPNs were synthesized by emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross linking agent. Gliclazide is a potential second generation, short-acting sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent is having a short biological half-life (2-4 h), variable absorption and poor oral bioavailability. Various batches of IPNs were formulated by varying LBG: PVA ratio and evaluated for percentage yield, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), swelling properties and in vitro drug release studies. Further characterizations were done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), C13 Solid state NMR, X-Ray diffraction study (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Differential scanning microscopy (DSC) studies. Results: The percentage yield, drug entrapment and equilibrium swelling was observed to be dependent on PVA-LBG ratio and GA amount. Sustained release of drug was observed in all IPN formulations (approx 59 - 86% in 8 h in various batches) with variable release kinetics. SEM studies revealed the regular structures of IPNs. FTIR, XRD, C13 Solid state NMR and DSC studies proposed that drug was successfully incorporated into the formed IPNs. Conclusion: IPNs of LBG and PVA can be used as a promising carrier with uniform sustained release characteristics.

ROLE OF MICROSPHERES IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

Microsphere based drug delivery system has gained substantial attention in the modern era. Microspheres are normally free-flowing powders that can be made with both natural and synthetic polymers. The sizes of the microspheres ranges from 1 to 1000 µm. Microspheres are matrix systems in which the drug is uniformly dispersed, dissolved or suspended. Microspheres contain solid or liquid drug dissolved or dispersed in a matrix system. The current review provides an inclusive outline of up to date and novel developments on formations of microspheres which have been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug. Microsphere provides efficient delivery of various proteins and peptide molecules. There are different types of microspheres such as bio adhesive microsphere, magnetic microsphere, floating microsphere, and polymeric microspheres. Diverse kinds of methods are used in the formulation of microsphere e. g. Simple emulsion-based method, Double emulsion-based method, Interfacial deposition technique, Interfacial polymerization technique, Phase separation method, and Spray drying. Microspheres deliver the drug in a controlled manner through different routes like oral, topical, naso-pulmonary and gene therapy. The Polymeric based microspheres are model carriers for numerous controlled delivery applications owing to their capacity to encapsulate a diversity of drugs, bio-compatibility, high bio-availability and continuous drug release character. Therefore, by developing newer techniques, it can give more therapeutic effects and improves the safety of drugs. The formation of microspheres has been reported to increase bioavailability, improves stability, enhances biological half-life and reduces the toxicity of the drug.