scholarly journals OP09 Childhood cognitive ability and standing balance in mid to later life: findings from the mrc national survey of health and development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Blodgett ◽  
D Kuh ◽  
DHJ Davis ◽  
R Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

scholarly journals Cognition at age 70

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (23) ◽  
pp. e2144-e2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Jessica D. Collins ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Thomas D. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Later Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

ObjectiveTo investigate predictors of performance on a range of cognitive measures including the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) and test for associations between cognition and dementia biomarkers in Insight 46, a substudy of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.MethodsA total of 502 individuals born in the same week in 1946 underwent cognitive assessment at age 69–71 years, including an adapted version of the PACC and a test of nonverbal reasoning. Performance was characterized with respect to sex, childhood cognitive ability, education, and socioeconomic position (SEP). In a subsample of 406 cognitively normal participants, associations were investigated between cognition and β-amyloid (Aβ) positivity (determined from Aβ-PET imaging), whole brain volumes, white matter hyperintensity volumes (WMHV), and APOE ε4.ResultsChildhood cognitive ability was strongly associated with cognitive scores including the PACC more than 60 years later, and there were independent effects of education and SEP. Sex differences were observed on every PACC subtest. In cognitively normal participants, Aβ positivity and WMHV were independently associated with lower PACC scores, and Aβ positivity was associated with poorer nonverbal reasoning. Aβ positivity and WMHV were not associated with sex, childhood cognitive ability, education, or SEP. Normative data for 339 cognitively normal Aβ-negative participants are provided.ConclusionsThis study adds to emerging evidence that subtle cognitive differences associated with Aβ deposition are detectable in older adults, at an age when dementia prevalence is very low. The independent associations of childhood cognitive ability, education, and SEP with cognitive performance at age 70 have implications for interpretation of cognitive data in later life.

scholarly journals Childhood cognitive ability moderates later-life manifestation of type 2 diabetes genetic risk.

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
John M. Sarr ◽  
Mark I. McCarthy ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive function and education and later-life economic activity: linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 to administrative data

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Early Life Factors

As the population ages, older adults are expected to work for longer into the life course. However, older adults experience particular problems staying economically active, even prior to reaching statutory retirement. Recent work has suggested that economic activity in midlife can be predicted by the far-reaching effects of early life, such as childhood socio-economic circumstances, cognitive ability and education. The present study investigates whether these same early-life factors predict the odds of being economically active much later in life, from age 55 to age 75. We capitalise on data linkage conducted between a subsample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 cohort and the Scottish Longitudinal Study, which includes three waves of national census data (1991, 2001 and 2011). The structural association between early-life factors and later-life economic activity was assessed using latent growth curve analyses conducted for males and females separately. In both males and females, the odds of being economically active decreased non-linearly across the 20-year follow-up period. For males, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment. For females, greater odds of being economically active at age 55 were predicted by higher childhood socio-economic status and higher childhood cognitive ability. In contrast, early-life factors did not predict the odds of becoming inactive over the 20-year follow-up period. We suggest that early-life advantage may contribute to the capacity for work in later life, but that it does not necessarily protect from subsequent decline in this capacity.

scholarly journals Lifetime affect and midlife cognitive function: prospective birth cohort study

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Richards ◽  
J. H. Barnett ◽  
M. K. Xu ◽  
T. J. Croudace ◽  
D. Gaysina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Objectively Measured

BackgroundRecurrent affective problems are predictive of cognitive impairment, but the timing and directionality, and the nature of the cognitive impairment, are unclear.AimsTo test prospective associations between life-course affective symptoms and cognitive function in late middle age.MethodA total of 1668 men and women were drawn from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the British 1946 birth cohort). Longitudinal affective symptoms spanning age 13–53 years served as predictors; outcomes consisted of self-reported memory problems at 60–64 years and decline in memory and information processing from age 53 to 60–64 years.ResultsRegression analyses revealed no clear pattern of association between longitudinal affective symptoms and decline in cognitive test scores, after adjusting for gender, childhood cognitive ability, education and midlife socioeconomic status. In contrast, affective symptoms were strongly, diffusely and independently associated with self-reported memory problems.ConclusionsAffective symptoms are more clearly associated with self-reported memory problems in late midlife than with objectively measured cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Seasonally Variant Gene Expression in Full-Term Human Placenta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Clarkson-Townsend ◽  
Elizabeth Kennedy ◽  
Todd M. Everson ◽  
Maya A. Deyssenroth ◽  
Amber A. Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Rhythmic Expression ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Human Placental Tissue ◽  
Variant Genes ◽  
Ribosomal Activity

ABSTRACTSeasonal exposures influence human health and development. The placenta, as a mediator of the maternal and fetal systems and a regulator of development, is an ideal tissue to understand the biological pathways underlying relationships between season of birth and later life health outcomes. Here, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study of season of birth in full-term human placental tissue to evaluate whether the placenta may be influenced by seasonal cues. Of the analyzed transcripts, 583 displayed differential expression between summer and winter births (FDR q<0.05); among these, BHLHE40, MIR210HG, and HILPDA had increased expression among winter births (Bonferroni p<0.05). Enrichment analyses of the seasonally variant genes between summer and winter births indicated over-representation of transcription factors HIF1A, VDR, and CLOCK, among others, and of GO term pathways related to ribosomal activity and infection. Additionally, a cosinor analysis found rhythmic expression for approximately 11.9% of all 17,664 analyzed placental transcripts. These results suggest that the placenta responds to seasonal cues and add to the growing body of evidence that the placenta acts as a peripheral clock, which may provide a molecular explanation for the extensive associations between season of birth and health outcomes.

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