scholarly journals Cognitive reserve in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a population-based longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324992
Author(s):  
Emmet Costello ◽  
James Rooney ◽  
Marta Pinto-Grau ◽  
Tom Burke ◽  
Marwa Elamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often associated with cognitive and/or behavioural impairment. Cognitive reserve (CR) may play a protective role in offsetting cognitive impairment. This study examined the relationship between CR and longitudinal change in cognition in an Irish ALS cohort.MethodsLongitudinal neuropsychological assessment was carried out on 189 patients over 16 months using the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen (ECAS) and an additional battery of neuropsychological tests. CR was measured by combining education, occupation and physical activity data. Joint longitudinal and time-to-event models were fitted to investigate the associations between CR, performance at baseline and decline over time while controlling for non-random drop-out.ResultsCR was a significant predictor of baseline neuropsychological performance, with high CR patients performing better than those with medium or low CR. Better cognitive performance in high CR individuals was maintained longitudinally for ECAS, social cognition, executive functioning and confrontational naming. Patients displayed little cognitive decline over the course of the study, despite controlling for non-random drop-out.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CR plays a role in the presentation of cognitive impairment at diagnosis but is not protective against cognitive decline. However, further research is needed to examine the interaction between CR and other objective correlates of cognitive impairment in ALS.

The interplay among education, brain metabolism, and cognitive impairment suggests a role of cognitive reserve in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Antonio Canosa ◽  
Francesca Palumbo ◽  
Barbara Iazzolino ◽  
Laura Peotta ◽  
Francesca Di Pede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The syndrome of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Phukan ◽  
Marwa Elamin ◽  
Peter Bede ◽  
Norah Jordan ◽  
Laura Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the hidden challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Malabika Ghosh ◽  
Pauline Callagher ◽  
Robert Addison–Jones ◽  
Wendy Bennett ◽  
Amy Parkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comparison of two staging systems in a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ferraro ◽  
D. Consonni ◽  
N. Fini ◽  
A. Fasano ◽  
C. Del Giovane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Staging Systems ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals The Effects of Longitudinal White Matter Hyperintensity Change on Cognitive Decline and Cortical Thinning over Three Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2663
Author(s):  
Seung Joo Kim ◽  
Dong Kyun Lee ◽  
Young Kyoung Jang ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Si Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Automated Method

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) has been recognised as a surrogate marker of small vessel disease and is associated with cognitive impairment. We investigated the dynamic change in WMH in patients with severe WMH at baseline, and the effects of longitudinal change of WMH volume on cognitive decline and cortical thinning. Eighty-seven patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment were prospectively recruited from a single referral centre. All of the patients were followed up with annual neuropsychological tests and 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging. The WMH volume was quantified using an automated method and the cortical thickness was measured using surface-based methods. Participants were classified into WMH progression and WMH regression groups based on the delta WMH volume between the baseline and the last follow-up. To investigate the effects of longitudinal change in WMH volume on cognitive decline and cortical thinning, a linear mixed effects model was used. Seventy patients showed WMH progression and 17 showed WMH regression over a three-year period. The WMH progression group showed more rapid cortical thinning in widespread regions compared with the WMH regression group. However, the rate of cognitive decline in language, visuospatial function, memory and executive function, and general cognitive function was not different between the two groups. The results of this study indicated that WMH volume changes are dynamic and WMH progression is associated with more rapid cortical thinning.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is not linked to multiple sclerosis in a population based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. C. van Doormaal ◽  
A. Gallo ◽  
W. van Rheenen ◽  
J. H. Veldink ◽  
M. A. van Es ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Cognitive decline and reduced survival inC9orf72expansion frontotemporal degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Irwin ◽  
Corey T McMillan ◽  
Johannes Brettschneider ◽  
David J Libon ◽  
John Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Frontotemporal Degeneration ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

A-151 Cognitive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1205
Author(s):  
Etiane Navarro ◽  
Charles J Golden
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sporadic Als ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
Familial Als ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Objective Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of the upper and lower motor neurons. This literature review examines the recurring etiology of cognitive impairments in ALS through empirical literature. The current study explores ALS across different subtypes and potential cognitive impairments. Two classifications are primarily examined ALS, and ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). Involving three categories: familial inheritance pattern, genetic mutation, or sporadic. Neuropsychological studies affirm cognitive impairments in individuals diagnosed with ALS and ALS-FTD. Data Selection Data was culled from the American Psychological Association (PsycInfo), PubMed, Google Scholar. Terms used in this literature review include cognitive impairment in ALS and ALS-FTD, executive function deficiencies in ALS, neuropsychology in ALS, neuropsychological deficits in ALS, neuropsychological assessments for ALS, cognitive impairments in familial ALS, genetic ALS, and sporadic ALS, familial ALS, sporadic ALS, genetic mutations involved in ALS. Search dates December 20–23 of 2020 and March 3–4 of 2021. A total of 40 studies were examined. Data Synthesis ALS-patients demonstrate a significant cognitive impairment. However, influencing comorbidities accompanying the disease may be contributing to these impairments. Researchers employed neuroimaging and neuropsychological batteries to further understand influencing factors involved in ALS and cognition. Conclusions Researchers now understand ALS as a multi-symptomatic disorder and acknowledge the presence of cognitive impairments at various encased levels. There are limitations in neuropsychological batteries that accommodate for executive dysfunctions observed in ALS patients. Future studies should explore neuropsychological assessments that accommodate for motor deficits and dysarthria when assessing cognitive impairment in ALS patients.

Prognostic value of weight loss in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Janse van Mantgem ◽  
Ruben P A van Eijk ◽  
Hannelore K van der Burgh ◽  
Harold H G Tan ◽  
Henk-Jan Westeneng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and prognostic value of weight loss (WL) prior to diagnosis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsWe enrolled patients diagnosed with ALS between 2010 and 2018 in a population-based setting. At diagnosis, detailed information was obtained regarding the patient’s disease characteristics, anthropological changes, ALS-related genotypes and cognitive functioning. Complete survival data were obtained. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between WL and the risk of death during follow-up.ResultsThe data set comprised 2420 patients of whom 67.5% reported WL at diagnosis. WL occurred in 71.8% of the bulbar-onset and in 64.2% of the spinal-onset patients; the mean loss of body weight was 6.9% (95% CI 6.8 to 6.9) and 5.5% (95% CI 5.5 to 5.6), respectively (p<0.001). WL occurred in 35.1% of the patients without any symptom of dysphagia. WL is a strong independent predictor of survival, with a dose response relationship between the amount of WL and the risk of death: the risk of death during follow-up increased by 23% for every 10% increase in WL relative to body weight (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.51, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis population-based study shows that two-thirds of the patients with ALS have WL at diagnosis, which also occurs independent of dysphagia, and is related to survival. Our results suggest that WL is a multifactorial process that may differ from patient to patient. Gaining further insight in its underlying factors could prove essential for future therapeutic measures.

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