scholarly journals Magnetic resonance, magnetisation transfer, and diffusion weighted imaging correlates of optic nerve, brain, and cervical cord damage in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-431
Author(s):  
C LIU
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Magnetisation Transfer ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Optic Nerves Using 7 Tesla “Silent” Zero Echo Time Imaging in Patients with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy with or without Idebenone Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Grochowski ◽  
Mark Symms ◽  
Kamil Jonak ◽  
Paweł Krukow ◽  
Tobias C Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Leber’S Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Echo Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Optic Nerve is difficult due to the fine extended nature of the structure, strong local magnetic field distortions induced by anatomy, and large motion artefacts associated with eye movement. To address these problems we used a Zero Echo Time (ZTE) MRI sequence with an Adiabatic SPectral Inversion Recovery (ASPIR) fat suppression pulse which also imbues the images with Magnetisation Transfer contrast. We investigated an application of the sequence for imaging the optic nerve in subjects with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Of particular note is the sequence’s near-silent operation, which can enhance image quality of the optic nerve by reducing the occurrence of involuntary saccades induced during Magnetic Resonance (MR) scanning.

scholarly journals Progress in Gene Therapy to Prevent Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Glaucoma and Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Ratican ◽  
Andrew Osborne ◽  
Keith R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Leber’S Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

The eye is at the forefront of the application of gene therapy techniques to medicine. In the United States, a gene therapy treatment for Leber’s congenital amaurosis, a rare inherited retinal disease, recently became the first gene therapy to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of disease caused by mutations in a specific gene. Phase III clinical trials of gene therapy for other single-gene defect diseases of the retina and optic nerve are also currently underway. However, for optic nerve diseases not caused by single-gene defects, gene therapy strategies are likely to focus on slowing or preventing neuronal death through the expression of neuroprotective agents. In addition to these strategies, there has also been recent interest in the potential use of precise genome editing techniques to treat ocular disease. This review focuses on recent developments in gene therapy techniques for the treatment of glaucoma and Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). We discuss recent successes in clinical trials for the treatment of LHON using gene supplementation therapy, promising neuroprotective strategies that have been employed in animal models of glaucoma and the potential use of genome editing techniques in treating optic nerve disease.

scholarly journals The role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and diffusion-weighted imaging for the differential diagnosis of obstructive biliary disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Cetiner-Alpay ◽  
Fatma Kulali ◽  
Aslihan Semiz-Oysu ◽  
Yasar Bukte ◽  
Kamil Ozdil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
And Diffusion

Background: Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is accepted as the gold standard, there is a place for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of obstructive biliary disorders.Aim: To compare the findings of MRCP with ERCP in patients with obstructive biliary disorders and to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of MRCP combined with DWI.Study design: Retrospective, analytic, cross-sectional study.Methods: The MRCP images of 126 patients who underwent both MRCP and ERCP owing to biliary obstruction were reviewed. Nine patients were excluded because of incomplete diagnostic workup or a long period (>3 months) between MRCP and ERCP. Ninety-two patients underwent DWI, which was also evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRCP and DWI were analysed.Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRCP according to ERCP results as the gold standard was 97%, 71% and 93% for assessment of biliary dilatation; 100%, 94.7% and 97.5% for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis; 93.7%, 100% and 99% for the identification of benign strictures; 100%, 100% and 100% for the diagnosis of malignant tumours; and 100%, 100% and 100% for the detection of complicated hydatid cysts; respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI for the diagnosis of malignant tumour was 100%. In the detection of choledocholithiasis, the sensitivity and specificity of DWI was 70.8% and 100%.Conclusions: MRCP is an alternative, non-invasive, diagnostic modality, comparable with ERCP for the evaluation of pancreaticobiliary diseases. DWI can be helpful for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and tumours.

scholarly journals Variability of optic nerve sheath diameter in acute ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalan Kozaci ◽  
Mustafa Avci ◽  
Gulsum Caliskan ◽  
Serkan Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
And Diffusion

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of disability in the world. It holds an important place in hospital admissions and health expenses in the industrialized world. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter and the findings of brain computerized tomography scans and brain diffusion-weighted imaging and investigate the variability of optic nerve sheath diameter measured by ultrasonography in acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Patients who had acute ischemic stroke were included in Group A. Healthy adults were included in Group B as the control group. In addition, according to computerized tomography scans and diffusion-weighted imaging findings, Group A was divided into three subgroups. Patients with normal computerized tomography and diffusion-weighted imaging were included in Group 1, patients with normal computerized tomography and ischemic area on diffusion-weighted imaging were included in Group 2, and patients with ischemic area on computerized tomography and diffusion-weighted imaging were included in Group 3. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in Group A and 100 healthy adults included in Group B. The optic nerve sheath diameter values of Groups A and B were 5.4 ± 0.6 and 4.2 ± 0.4 mm (p < 0.001), respectively. The optic nerve sheath diameter cutoff value for detection of acute ischemic stroke was determined as 4.7 mm. The sensitivity and specificity at this cutoff value were determined as 89% and 90%, respectively. According to computerized tomography scans and diffusion-weighted imaging findings, there were 18 patients in Group 1, 56 patients in Group 2, and 26 patients in Group 3. Time from onset of symptoms to presentation to emergency department was shortest in Group 1 (3.0 ± 1.8 h). The widest optic nerve sheath diameter was calculated in Group 3 (optic nerve sheath diameter: 5.7 ± 0.6 mm). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the optic nerve sheath diameter increases in acute ischemic stroke and it increases earlier than computerized tomography and diffusion-weighted imaging alteration occur. Therefore, optic nerve sheath diameter can be applied to assist the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with other imaging techniques with equivocal/negative results and determination of appropriate treatment, especially in cases with normal computerized tomography scan and diffusion-weighted imaging.

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