scholarly journals The Fat Embolism Syndrome: Three Case Reports and Discussion of its Relevance to the Battle Casualty

1972 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
T. R. Austin
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
James B. Fowler ◽  
Brian Fiani ◽  
Kasra Sarhadi ◽  
Vladimir Cortez

Background: The classic triad of fat embolism syndrome consists of pulmonary distress, mental status change, and petechial rash. Typically, symptoms manifest 24–48 hours after a long bone fracture, but case reports have demonstrated fat embolism syndrome without long bone fracture. These cases are initiated by a stress response, mobilizing free fatty acids into the circulation. Case Description: Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old male who presented with the left-sided hemiparesis and was subsequently found to have tandem lesions of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and right middle cerebral artery (MCA) warranting emergent mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The ensuing pathology report determined the source of ischemic stroke to be caused by fat embolism, a rare and intriguing case of cryptogenic large vessel occlusion (LVO) with unique features distinguishing it from other reports in the literature. Conclusion: According to the biochemical theory, a catecholamine surge can precipitate fat globules forming in the circulatory system, leading to tissue hypoxia, injury, and ischemia. While the majority of cerebral fat emboli cause reversible ischemia of small diameter vessels, our case presents with LVO and tandem lesions in both the ICA and MCA resulting in infarct and residual hemiparesis.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Leonidas Grigorakos ◽  
Ioannis Nikolopoulos ◽  
Stamatina Stratouli ◽  
Anastasia Alexopoulou ◽  
Eleftherios Nikolaidis ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Shun Yonezaki ◽  
Kazuya Nagasaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Kobayashi

Case Presentation: A 93-year-old man living in a nursing home presented to our emergency department with altered mental status. Examination revealed hypotension and severe hypoxia. Chest radiograph showed infiltrates in the right upper lobe, and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a left femoral neck fracture. A point-of-care transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed an enlarged right ventricle, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and numerous white floating dots moving toward the right atrium from the inferior vena cava (IVC), leading to the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES). Discussion: Although imaging studies can facilitate diagnosis, the diagnosis of FES is typically made by clinical history and presentation, making a swift diagnosis often difficult in those who are critically ill. Recent case reports have described that TTE can detect fat emboli, seen as flowing hyperechoic particles in IVC. This image demonstrates the utility of TTE to diagnose FES.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7(part 1)) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
I. O. Pankov ◽  
◽  
M. M. Gabdullin ◽  
S. D. Sirazitdinov ◽  
◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052110284
Author(s):  
Ta-Li Hsu ◽  
Tien-Chi Li ◽  
Fei-Pi Lai ◽  
Ming Ouhyoung ◽  
Chih-Hung Chang ◽  
...  

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a complication of long bone fractures that often occurs within 72 hours of injury. Early-onset isolated cerebral fat embolism is catastrophic and rarely reported. We herein present a rare case of delayed-onset isolated cerebral FES that developed 10 days after definite fixation of a left tibial plateau fracture. A 70-year-old woman was injured in a traffic accident and diagnosed with a left tibial plateau fracture. However, she developed sudden loss of consciousness (E4V1M1) and quadriplegia 10 days after fracture fixation. Her vital signs showed no respiratory distress. Diagnosis of isolated cerebral FES was made based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, the findings of which were compatible with the clinical neurological findings. After supportive care and rehabilitation, her consciousness became clear on the second day of admission, and her consciousness changed to E4V5M6. She gradually regained strength in her right limbs but had residual left limb paraplegia. Isolated cerebral FES should always be considered for patients who develop a change in consciousness, even beyond 72 hours after injury. Imaging may not initially show definitive abnormalities. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging should be considered if the initial clinical presentation does not fully meet Gurd’s criteria.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Recinos ◽  
Sabrina Barillas ◽  
Alejandra Rodas ◽  
Javier Ardebol

Abstract Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare, life-threatening condition habitually associated with traumatic events such as fractures and, less commonly, burns, liposuction and bone marrow harvesting and transplant [ 1]. The biochemical theory for this condition suggests that fat droplets embolize and convert into fatty acids, eventually leading to toxic injury and inflammation, which results in increased vascular permeability, edema and hemorrhage [ 2]. FES may have an asymptomatic interval lasting 12–72 hours after the insult; however, in some cases, signs have also been seen intraoperatively. Pulmonary signs and symptoms are customarily the earliest and manifest in 75% of patients. Nevertheless, neurologic and dermatologic manifestations are also characteristic, and most severe cases could perhaps present with disseminated intravascular coagulation, right ventricular dysfunction, shock or death. The following case consists of a 37-year-old patient that presented with fat embolism syndrome during liposuction and gluteal fat infiltration.


2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Hae Chul Jung ◽  
Ki Hwan Jung ◽  
Byung Gyu Kim ◽  
Kyung Kyu Kim ◽  
Sang Youb Lee ◽  
...  

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