scholarly journals Long-term exposure to air pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in an industrial area: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bauleo ◽  
Simone Bucci ◽  
Chiara Antonucci ◽  
Roberto Sozzi ◽  
Marina Davoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dichotomous Variable

Background and aimsResidents near industrial areas are exposed to several toxins from various sources and the assessment of the health effects is difficult. The area of Civitavecchia (Italy) has several sources of environmental contamination with potential health effects. We evaluated the association between exposure to pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in a cohort of people living in the area.MethodsAll residents of the area in 1996 were enrolled (from municipal registers) and followed until 2013. Long-term exposures to emissions from industrial sources (PM10) and traffic (NOx) at the residential addresses were assessed using a dispersion model. Residence close to the harbour was also considered. Cox survival analysis was conducted including a linear term for industrial PM10 and NOx exposure and a dichotomous variable to indicate residence within 500 m of the harbour. Age, sex, calendar period, occupation and area-based socioeconomic position (SEP) were considered (HRs, 95% CI).Results71 362 people were enrolled (52% female, 43% low SEP) and 14 844 died during the follow-up. We found an association between industrial PM10 and mortality from non-accidental causes (HR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12), all cancers (HR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21) and cardiac diseases (HR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23). We also found an association between NOx exposure from traffic and mortality from all cancers (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26) and neurological diseases (HR=1.50, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.20). Living near the harbour was associated with higher mortality from lung cancer (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.66) and neurological diseases (HR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.18).ConclusionsEstimated exposures to different pollution sources in this area were independently associated with several mortality outcomes while adjusting for occupation and socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Exposure to Pollution of the Population Near an Industrial Area in the Metropolitan Region in São Paulo State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Zaccarelli-Marino ◽  
Thalles Balderi ◽  
Felipe Crepaldi ◽  
Rudá Alessi ◽  
Marco Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Industrial installations close to residential areas could cause health risks. Our objectives are to evaluate the interaction between pre-existing conditions (i.e., rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs), conjunctivitis, dermatitis and primary hypothyroidism (PH)) and a higher risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 in residents exposed to long-term air pollutants. With a focus on the area affected by the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC) (Region 1) and combining the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) (2016), we evaluated the Greater ABC region, Brazil. The concentrations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in 2017 and these data were correlated with data obtained in a survey of 2004 residents 8–72 years of age of both sexes; 1002 (Region 1), and 1002 of them reside within the areas surrounding various industrial areas (Region 2). SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected from the Greater ABC region. Region 1 showed higher average concentrations of all pollutants analyzed. Among the 2004 total residents, there were significant differences between Region 1 and Region 2 in the incidence of cases of rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, OPDs, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and PH demonstrating that there is a higher incidence of the evaluated diseases in residents who live closer to the CPC. Compared with residents with these diseases, the residents of Region 1 had a higher relative risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 than did the residents of Region 2.

scholarly journals Readmission after discharge from a medium secure unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Clarke ◽  
Conor Duggan ◽  
Clive R. Hollin ◽  
Nick Huband ◽  
Lucy McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Secure Unit

Aims and methodWe examined readmission to psychiatric hospital of 550 patients discharged from one medium secure unit over 20 years. Multiple sources were used to obtain readmission data.ResultsReadmission was common, particularly to non-secure psychiatric hospitals. At least 339 patients (61.6%) were readmitted to any psychiatric hospital (mean follow-up 9.5 years), with over a third (37.6%) subsequently being readmitted to medium- or high-security or both. Of those discharged directly to the community, having previous in-patient treatment and a Mental Health Act classification of mental illness were associated with shorter time to first readmission.Clinical implicationsThe long-standing nature of disorders is evident in the high rates of readmission overall and the need for readmission to medium and high secure services, suggesting that these patients require long-term follow-up and support from mental health services.

scholarly journals Health effects following long-term exposure to thorium dusts: a twenty-year follow-up study in China

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. A. Chen ◽  
Y. E. Cheng ◽  
H. Xiao ◽  
G. Feng ◽  
Y. H. Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Very long-term sequelae of craniopharyngioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wijnen ◽  
Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink ◽  
Joseph A M J L Janssen ◽  
Coriene E Catsman-Berrevoets ◽  
Erna M C Michiels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Cyst Aspiration

Objective Studies investigating long-term health conditions in patients with craniopharyngioma are limited by short follow-up durations and generally do not compare long-term health effects according to initial craniopharyngioma treatment approach. In addition, studies comparing long-term health conditions between patients with childhood- and adult-onset craniopharyngioma report conflicting results. The objective of this study was to analyse a full spectrum of long-term health effects in patients with craniopharyngioma according to initial treatment approach and age group at craniopharyngioma presentation. Design Cross-sectional study based on retrospective data. Methods We studied a single-centre cohort of 128 patients with craniopharyngioma treated from 1980 onwards (63 patients with childhood-onset disease). Median follow-up since craniopharyngioma presentation was 13 years (interquartile range: 5–23 years). Initial craniopharyngioma treatment approaches included gross total resection (n = 25), subtotal resection without radiotherapy (n = 44), subtotal resection with radiotherapy (n = 25), cyst aspiration without radiotherapy (n = 8), and 90Yttrium brachytherapy (n = 21). Results Pituitary hormone deficiencies (98%), visual disturbances (75%) and obesity (56%) were the most common long-term health conditions observed. Different initial craniopharyngioma treatment approaches resulted in similar long-term health effects. Patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma experienced significantly more growth hormone deficiency, diabetes insipidus, panhypopituitarism, morbid obesity, epilepsy and psychiatric conditions compared with patients with adult-onset disease. Recurrence-/progression-free survival was significantly lower after initial craniopharyngioma treatment with cyst aspiration compared with other therapeutic approaches. Survival was similar between patients with childhood- and adult-onset craniopharyngioma. Conclusions Long-term health conditions were comparable after different initial craniopharyngioma treatment approaches and were generally more frequent in patients with childhood- compared with adult-onset disease.

scholarly journals A cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa egészségre gyakorolt hatása

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Árpád Farkas ◽  
Gábor Tomisa ◽  
Erika Kis ◽  
Alpár Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pertinent Information

Összefoglaló. A dohányzás káros hatásainak vizsgálata hosszú ideje az orvostudomány egyik legintenzívebben kutatott területe. A nagy tudományos érdeklődésnek köszönhetően ma már meggyőző evidenciák állnak rendelkezésre a hagyományos cigaretta használatának számos negatív hatásáról. Ezzel ellentétben a sokkal később bevezetett helyettesítő termékek veszélyeiről lényegesen kevesebbet tudunk. E körbe tartozik a manapság egyre népszerűbb elektromos cigaretta is, amelyre egyre több, egészségügyi kockázatot felmérő munka fókuszál. Ugyanakkor a több évszázados múltra visszatekintő és a világ bizonyos helyein sokáig népszerű vízipipa érdekes esetnek számít, mivel használóinak száma a nyugati világban az utóbbi időben megugrott, de az emberre gyakorolt hatása számos ponton még vita tárgyát képezi. A jelen munka célja, hogy a hazai és a nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján feltérképezze a hagyományos cigaretta, az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa fontosabb egészségügyi hatásait, és rámutasson azokra a kapcsolódó területekre, ahol további kutatások szükségesek. A szakirodalmi áttekintés során a különböző publikációs adatbázisokban fellelhető tudományos cikkeket elemeztük. A megvizsgált szakirodalom alapján a tartós dohányzásnak bizonyítottan a szív-ér rendszert és a légzőrendszert károsító hatása van, de növekvő számú bizonyíték utal a neurológiai káros hatásokra és a gasztroenterológiai hatásokra is. Ugyanakkor az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a bizonyított akut hatások mellett a hosszú távú hatásokat illetően további intenzív kutatásokra van szükség. Az elektromos cigaretta és a vízipipa esetében a hosszú távú hatások kapcsán a meggyőző evidencia hiánya semmiképpen nem jelenti azt, hogy ezen termékeket kockázatmentesnek kellene tekinteni, sőt a pulmonológusoknak és a döntéshozóknak mindent meg kell tenniük annak érdekében, hogy valamennyi dohánytermék törvényi szabályozása azok használatának visszaszorítását célozza. A kérdés fontosságának a COVID–19-pandémia különös aktualitást ad. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90. Summary. Revealing the health effects associated with smoking has been in the focus of intense research for decades. Due to these research efforts, there is a convincing evidence regarding the negative effects of conventional cigarettes. However, much less is known about the replacement products such as electronic cigarettes. Moreover, the effects of waterpipes are also not fully explored, in spite of their long history. The scope of the present work is to survey the open literature to map the knowledge related to the health effects of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes and waterpipes. The analysis of the related scientific literature was performed based on papers retrieved in large publication repositories. Based on the reviewed literature, long-term smoking has demonstrated adverse effects on the respiratory as well as the heart and circulatory systems. In addition, the correlation between cigarette smoking and some gastroenterological and neurological diseases is also increasingly evident. By the same token, though the acute effects of e-cigarette and waterpipe are well documented, the protracted effects are still to be explored. The lack of pertinent information regarding the late effects of e-cigarette and hookah does not imply that there is no health risk associated with their consumption. On the contrary, in addition to the regular antismoke measures, pulmonologists and policy makers should do everything to lower the consumption of these alternative products. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 83–90.

scholarly journals Comparison of measured residential black carbon levels outdoors and indoors with fixed-site monitoring data and with dispersion modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Gruzieva ◽  
Antonios Georgelis ◽  
Niklas Andersson ◽  
Tom Bellander ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Site Monitoring

AbstractEpidemiologic studies on health effects of air pollution usually rely on time-series of ambient monitoring data or on spatially modelled levels. Little is known how well these estimate residential outdoor and indoor levels. We investigated the agreement of measured residential black carbon (BC) levels outdoors and indoors with fixed-site monitoring data and with levels calculated using a Gaussian dispersion model. One-week residential outdoor and indoor BC measurements were conducted for 15 families living in central Stockholm. Time-series from urban background and street-level monitors were compared to these measurements. The observed weekly concentrations were also standardized to reflect annual averages, using urban background levels, and compared spatially to long-term levels as estimated by dispersion modelling. Weekly average outdoor BC level was 472 ng/m3 (range 261–797 ng/m3). The corresponding fixed-site urban background and street levels were 313 and 1039 ng/m3, respectively. Urban background variation explained 50% of the temporal variation in residential outdoor levels averaged over 24 h. Modelled residential long-term outdoor levels were on average comparable with the standardized measured home outdoor levels, and explained 49% of the spatial variability. The median indoor/outdoor ratio across all addresses was 0.79, with no difference between day and night time. Common exposure estimation approaches in the epidemiology of health effects related to BC displayed high validity for residencies in central Stockholm. Urban background monitored levels explained half of the outdoor day-to-day variability at residential addresses. Long-term dispersion modelling explained half of the spatial differences in outdoor levels. Indoor BC concentrations tended to be somewhat lower than outdoor levels.

Psychological and the physical health impacts of forensic workplace trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Mistry ◽  
Lynsey Gozna ◽  
Tony Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Workplace Trauma

Purpose Health-care professionals working in inpatient forensic mental health settings are exposed to a range of traumatic and distressing incidents with impacts discussed variously as “burnout”, “compassion fatigue”, “secondary trauma stress” and “vicarious traumatisation”. This study aims to explore the short- and long-term psychological and physical health effects of trauma exposure in the workplace for frontline staff in a forensic setting. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 nursing staff members working in the male personality disorders care stream in a Medium Secure Hospital. Findings Thematic analysis yielded five themes: categories of trauma; how well-being is impacted; ways of coping and managing; protective factors; and systemic factors, with sub-themes within each of the superordinate themes. Practical implications The findings demonstrate that some staff members were affected both physically and psychologically as a result of trauma-focused work whereas other staff members were unaffected. The psychological and physical health effects were broadly short-term; however, long-term effects on staff member’s social networks and desensitisation to working conditions were observed. A broad range of coping methods were identified that supported staff member’s well-being, which included both individual and organisational factors. Staff member’s health is impacted by exposure to workplace trauma either directly or indirectly through exposure to material, and there is a greater need to support staff members after routine organisational provisions are complete. Staff should receive education and training on the possible health effects associated with exposure to potentially traumatic material and events. Originality/value This research has further contributed to understanding the staff needs of nursing staff members working with the forensic personality disorder patients within a secure hospital setting. This research has identified the following service developments: the need for ongoing support particularly after organisational provisions are complete; further prospects to engage in psychological formulations; greater opportunities for informal supervision forums; staff training to understand the potential health impact associated with trauma-focused work; supervisors being appropriately trained and supported to elicit impacts of trauma-focused work on staff members; and additional opportunities to discuss well-being or monitor well-being.

scholarly journals Long-term Mental Health Effects of Mindfulness Training: a 4-Year Follow-up Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1661-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Solhaug ◽  
Michael de Vibe ◽  
Oddgeir Friborg ◽  
Tore Sørlie ◽  
Reidar Tyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Mental Health Effects

Physical Health of Members of the Public Who Experienced Terrorist Bombings in London on 07 July 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Catchpole ◽  
Oliver Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
London Bombings

AbstractIntroduction:On 07 July 2005, four bombs were detonated in London, killing 52 members of the public. Approximately 700 individuals received treatment either at the scene or at nearby hospitals.Hypothesis/Problem:Significant concerns about the potential long-term psychological and physical health effects of exposure to the explosions were raised immediately after the bombings. To address these concerns, a public health register was established for the purpose of following-up with individuals exposed to the explosions.Methods:Invitations to enroll in the register were sent to individuals exposed to the explosions. A range of health, emergency, and humanitarian service records relating to the response to the explosions were used to identify eligible individuals. Follow-up was undertaken through self-administered questionnaires. The number of patients exposed to fumes, smoke, dust, and who experienced blood splashes, individuals who reported injuries, and the type and duration of health symptoms were calculated. Odds ratios of health symptoms by exposure for greater or less than 30 minutes were calculated.Results:A total of 784 eligible individuals were identified, of whom, 258 (33%) agreed to participate in the register, and 173 (22%) returned completed questionnaires between 8 to 23 months after the explosions. The majority of individuals reported exposure to fumes, smoke, or dust, while more than two-fifths also reported exposure to blood. In addition to cuts and puncture wounds, the most frequent injury was ear damage. Most individuals experienced health symptoms for less than four weeks, with the exception of hearing problems, which lasted longer. Four-fifths of individuals felt that they had suffered emotional distress and half of them were receiving counseling.Conclusions:The results indicated that the main long-term health effects, apart from those associated with traumatic amputations, were hearing loss and psychological disorders. While these findings provide a degree of reassurance of the absence of long-term effects, the low response rate limits the extent to which this can be extrapolated to all those exposed to the bombings. Given the importance of immediate assessment of the range and type of exposure and injury in incidents such as the London bombings, and the difficulties in contacting individuals after the immediate response phase, there is need to develop better systems for identifying and enrolling exposed individuals into post-incident health monitoring.

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