scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Exposure to Pollution of the Population Near an Industrial Area in the Metropolitan Region in São Paulo State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Zaccarelli-Marino ◽  
Thalles Balderi ◽  
Felipe Crepaldi ◽  
Rudá Alessi ◽  
Marco Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Industrial installations close to residential areas could cause health risks. Our objectives are to evaluate the interaction between pre-existing conditions (i.e., rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPDs), conjunctivitis, dermatitis and primary hypothyroidism (PH)) and a higher risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 in residents exposed to long-term air pollutants. With a focus on the area affected by the Capuava Petrochemical Complex (CPC) (Region 1) and combining the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) (2016), we evaluated the Greater ABC region, Brazil. The concentrations of the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in 2017 and these data were correlated with data obtained in a survey of 2004 residents 8–72 years of age of both sexes; 1002 (Region 1), and 1002 of them reside within the areas surrounding various industrial areas (Region 2). SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected from the Greater ABC region. Region 1 showed higher average concentrations of all pollutants analyzed. Among the 2004 total residents, there were significant differences between Region 1 and Region 2 in the incidence of cases of rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, OPDs, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and PH demonstrating that there is a higher incidence of the evaluated diseases in residents who live closer to the CPC. Compared with residents with these diseases, the residents of Region 1 had a higher relative risk of complications when infected with SARS-CoV-2 than did the residents of Region 2.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to air pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in an industrial area: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bauleo ◽  
Simone Bucci ◽  
Chiara Antonucci ◽  
Roberto Sozzi ◽  
Marina Davoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dichotomous Variable

Background and aimsResidents near industrial areas are exposed to several toxins from various sources and the assessment of the health effects is difficult. The area of Civitavecchia (Italy) has several sources of environmental contamination with potential health effects. We evaluated the association between exposure to pollutants from multiple sources and mortality in a cohort of people living in the area.MethodsAll residents of the area in 1996 were enrolled (from municipal registers) and followed until 2013. Long-term exposures to emissions from industrial sources (PM10) and traffic (NOx) at the residential addresses were assessed using a dispersion model. Residence close to the harbour was also considered. Cox survival analysis was conducted including a linear term for industrial PM10 and NOx exposure and a dichotomous variable to indicate residence within 500 m of the harbour. Age, sex, calendar period, occupation and area-based socioeconomic position (SEP) were considered (HRs, 95% CI).Results71 362 people were enrolled (52% female, 43% low SEP) and 14 844 died during the follow-up. We found an association between industrial PM10 and mortality from non-accidental causes (HR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.12), all cancers (HR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21) and cardiac diseases (HR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23). We also found an association between NOx exposure from traffic and mortality from all cancers (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26) and neurological diseases (HR=1.50, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.20). Living near the harbour was associated with higher mortality from lung cancer (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.66) and neurological diseases (HR=1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.18).ConclusionsEstimated exposures to different pollution sources in this area were independently associated with several mortality outcomes while adjusting for occupation and socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Pollution Exposure of the Population Near to an Industrial area on the Metropolitan Region in São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Zaccarelli-Marino ◽  
Thalles Zaccarelli Balderi ◽  
Felipe Mingorance Crepaldi ◽  
Rudá Alessi ◽  
Marco Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Petrochemical Complex ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
São Paulo State

Abstract Background: The epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) yielded intense respiratory illness clusters and has progressed rapidly into a pandemic. Objective: Evaluating the pre-existing conditions (rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, obstructive pulmonary diseases (OPD), conjunctivitis, dermatitis, and primary hypothyroidism (PH)) in residents exposed to long-term air pollutants and their higher risk of complications in case of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: 2004 residents of both sexes, aged 8-72 years old, had responded to a home-based questionnaire. SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected from the Greater ABC Region, an industrial region of the São Paulo State, Brazil, part of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. With a focus on the Capuava Petrochemical Complex influence area, using the combination of the AERMOD dispersion model with the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) meteorological model (2016), we evaluated the Greater ABC region. Atmospheric pollutant concentrations were analyzed in 2017 using meteorological data from 2005 to 2009, correlating this data with the research done from 2003 to 2005. Results: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations presented the highest correlations between the rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, OPD, conjunctivitis, dermatitis and PH odds and pollutant concentrations. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the closer the individuals live from the Petrochemical complex, the higher their risk of death from SARS-CoV-2. Given the asymptomatic characteristic of the disease in its initial development individuals and the risk of its complications, we suggest that the employees of chemical plants and residents living around industrial areas must be continuously evaluated for SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil as air pollution markers

Hoehnea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Giampaoli ◽  
Natalie do Valle Capelli ◽  
Armando Reis Tavares ◽  
Francine Faia Fernandes ◽  
Marisa Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Tillandsia Usneoides ◽  
São Paulo State

Tillandsia usneoides is an epiphytic bromeliad that has been used as a universal bioindicator. The species accumulates metals and presents foliar scale variations when exposed to air pollutants. This study aimed to use the variations in foliar scales as microscopic markers of pollutant effects in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), São Paulo State, Brazil. T. usneoides plants were exposed for 12 weeks during dry and wet seasons, totaling four exposures, at five sites in the MRC. Samples were selected before each exposure for initial evaluation of the plants (T0). Leaf fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde and total scale density and anomalous scale percentage were evaluated. Plants exposed in the MRC showed anomalies and changes in number of subperipheral cells of leaf scales. When compared to T0, T. usneoides presented higher total scale density and anomalous scale percentage at disturbed sites, thus the species can be used as a pollution bioindicator for MRC.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation to Reduce Air Pollution in Indoor Environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Yun Liu ◽  
Chao-Heng Tseng ◽  
Huang-Chin Wang ◽  
Chuan-Fa Dai ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Shih
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

This study examined the use of high dosages of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (253.7 nm) to deal with various concentrations of air pollutants, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), under various conditions of humidity. We also estimated the emission of ozone as a secondary pollutant of UVGI as treatment. A number of irradiation methods were applied for various durations in field studies to examine the efficiency of removing HCHO, TVOC, bacteria, and fungi. The removal efficiency of air pollutants (HCHO and bacteria) through long-term exposure to UVGI appears to increase with time. The effects on TVOC and fungi concentration were insignificant in the first week; however, improvements were observed in the second week. No differences were observed among the various irradiation methods in this study regarding the removal of HCHO and TVOC; however significant differences were observed in the removal of bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Air Pollutants Distribution Around Industrial Complexes Using Real-Time Mobile Atmospheric Measurement System

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-489
Author(s):  
Seongwoo Choi ◽  
Seungwoo Park ◽  
Youngwook Cha ◽  
Seoi Lee ◽  
Eunchul Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industrial Complexes

Objectives : Volatile organic compounds discharged from industrial complexes need to be managed. They make PM, O3 etc from NOx and photochemical reaction in the atmosphere and become a major source of odor.Methods : The environmental impacts around Sasang industrial area and Shinpyeong-Jangrim general industrial complex were investigated by SIFT-MS, which can continuously real-time measure air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds. A map of air pollution around industrial complexes was drawn up and major impact substances were identified.Results and Discussion : Benzene was all within the atmospheric standard and hexane was the highest concentration. Alkane, aldehyde and alcohol groups were relatively high in Sasang industrial area. Amide and thiol groups were relatively high in Shinpyeong-Jangrim general industrial complex. Most of volatile organic compounds were high in May, and some odorous substances were high in summer. The pollution map of Sasang industrial area was high around Nakdong-daero and Gamjeoncheon. And the pollution map of Shinpyeong-Jangrim general industrial complex was various according to the source of discharge, but the northern point with dyeing wastewater treatment plant was relatively high. The correlation between PM-2.5 and VOCs was investigated at a low value, and further research on fixed points should be conducted.Conclusions : As a result of analyzing 84 types of SIFT-MS and 2 types of OPC, most items in Sasang industrial area were higher concentration than those in Shinpyeong-Jangrim general industrial complex.

Abstract 17321: Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollutants and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, a Nationwide 10-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study in Taiwan

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Shun Hsieh ◽  
Chorng-Kuang How ◽  
Pau-Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Objective: Many studies had reported the association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases. In this current study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of long-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5, CO and NO2) to the development of PAOD. Methods: We linked two nation-scale databases, the national health insurance database and the air quality-monitoring database of Taiwan to conduct this cohort study between 2003 and 2013. Cox proportional regression with time-dependent model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of air pollutants to PAOD. The residential areas were divided into four categories according to the daily average concentration of air pollutants, Q1 to Q4 (Q4 = the worst). The cumulative incidence of PAOD was examined by the Kaplain-Meier analysis with log-rank test. Results: A total of 1,598 PAOD cases were identified during the follow-up period with 98,540 non-PAOD ones (demographic characteristics were showed in Table 1). In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, urbanization level, residential area, baseline comorbidities, and drug use, the adjusted HRs were that PM2.5 = 1.14 (95% CI 1.13-1.16), NO2 = 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04), and CO = 2.35 (95% CI 1.95-2.84), respectively (Table 2). The Kaplain-Meier analysis showed that CO concentration was strongly associated with cumulative incidence rate of PAOD during the follow-up period (Figure 1). Conclusion: Besides of well-known risk factors, air pollutants may also play a potential role in PAOD pathogenesis.

Research of the Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in Print Shops in Xi’an

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1560-1565
Author(s):  
Shu Yun Wu ◽  
Zeng Feng Yan ◽  
Jun Gang Dong ◽  
Huan Huan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Print Shop ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major constituents of the indoor air pollutants. The indoor air quality has caused wide concern for VOCs may affect human health in many ways. The VOCs in general rooms volatilize from building materials, furniture and so on. In print shops the print equipment and materials may produce a large amount of VOCs that may affect the health of the long-term print shop workers. The author has measured the VOC content and the air indexes in a seventy square-meter print shop in Xi’an with comprehensive functions, then, evaluated the pollution and proposed the preventions of the VOC content in print shops.

scholarly journals Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chuan Yen ◽  
Chun-Yuh Yang ◽  
Kristina Mena ◽  
Yu-Ting Cheng ◽  
Pei-Shih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Window Opening

High concentrations of air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality rates are found in industrial areas, especially for the susceptible group, children; however, most studies use atmospheric dispersion modeling to estimate household air pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the indoor air quality, e.g., CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, O3, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and their influence factors in children’s homes in an industrial city. Children in the “general school”, “traffic school”, and “industrial school” were randomly and proportionally selected. Air pollutants were sampled for 24 h in the living rooms and on the balcony of their houses and questionnaires of time–microenvironment–activity-diary were recorded. The indoor CO concentration of the traffic area was significantly higher than that of the industrial area and the general area. In regard to the effects of window opening, household NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations during window opening periods were significantly higher than of the reference periods. For the influence of cooking, indoor CO2, NO2, and PM2.5 levels during the cooking periods were significantly higher than that of the reference periods. The indoor air quality of children in industrial cities were affected by residential areas and household activities.

scholarly journals The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Tseng ◽  
Wang ◽  
Dai ◽  
Shih
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Radiation Technique ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

This study examined the use of high dosages of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) (253.7 nm) to deal with various concentrations of air pollutants, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), under various conditions of humidity. A number of irradiation methods were applied for various durations in field studies to examine the efficiency of removing HCHO, TVOC, bacteria, and fungi. The removal efficiency of air pollutants (HCHO and bacteria) through long-term exposure to UVGI appears to increase with time. The effects on TVOC and fungi concentration were insignificant in the first week; however, improvements were observed in the second week. No differences were observed regarding the removal of HCHO and TVOC among the various irradiation methods in this study; however significant differences were observed in the removal of bacteria and fungi.

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