scholarly journals Patterns of prevalent HPV and STI co-infections and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women: the EVRI trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette J Menezes ◽  
Ubin Pokharel ◽  
Staci L Sudenga ◽  
Matthys H Botha ◽  
Michele Zeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
African Women ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Link Type ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) and STIs and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape, South African women participating in the Efficacy of HPV Vaccine to Reduce HIV Infection (EVRI) trial.MethodsHIV-negative women aged 16–24 years old were enrolled in the EVRI trial (NCT01489527) and randomised to receive the licensed four-valent HPV vaccine or placebo. At study entry, participants were clinically evaluated for five STIs: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and disease-causing HPV genotypes (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68). Demographic and sexual history characteristics were compared among women with STI co-infections, single infection and no infection using Pearson χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests. ORs were calculated to evaluate factors associated with STI co-infection prevalence.ResultsAmong 388 young women, STI co-infection prevalence was high: 47% had ≥2 concurrent STIs, 36% had a single STI and 17% had none of the five evaluated STIs. HPV/HSV-2 (26%) was the most prevalent co-infection detected followed by HPV/HSV-2/Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (17%) and HPV/CT (15%). Co-infection prevalence was independently associated with alcohol use (adjusted OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.06) and having a sexual partner with an STI (adjusted OR=6.96, 95% CI 1.53 to 30.08).ConclusionsAmong high-risk young women from underserved communities such as in Southern Africa, a multicomponent prevention strategy that integrates medical and behavioural interventions targeting both men and women is essential to prevent acquisition of concurrent STI infections and consequent disease.Trial registration numberNCT01489527; Post-results.

scholarly journals HPV serostatus pre- and post-vaccination in a randomized phase II preparedness trial among young Western Cape, South African women: The evri trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci L. Sudenga ◽  
B. Nelson Torres ◽  
Matthys H. Botha ◽  
Michele Zeier ◽  
Martha E. Abrahamsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
African Women ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Randomized Phase Ii ◽  
South African Women

Barriers to Recruitment and Retention of HIV-Negative Black South African Women into Behavioral HIV Prevention Programs

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Onoya ◽  
Priscilla Reddy ◽  
Sibusiso Sifunda ◽  
Gina M. Wingood ◽  
Bart van den Borne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
South African ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
African Women ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals High HIV, HPV, and STI Prevalence Among Young Western Cape, South African Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna R. Giuliano ◽  
Matthys H. Botha ◽  
Michele Zeier ◽  
Martha E. Abrahamsen ◽  
Richard H. Glashoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
South African Women

scholarly journals Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1603-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie V Wrottesley ◽  
Lisa K Micklesfield ◽  
Matthew M Hamill ◽  
Gail R Goldberg ◽  
Ann Prentice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
South African ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
African Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
South African Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractObjectiveThe present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables.DesignBaseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ.SettingSoweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.SubjectsBlack, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV−; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75).ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV− and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall.ConclusionHIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a behavior-centered design strategy for creating demand for oral PrEP among young women in Cape Town, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Morton ◽  
Laura Myers ◽  
Katherine Gill ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
Gabrielle Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
African Women ◽  
Primary Partner ◽  
Social Marketing Campaign ◽  
Demand Creation ◽  
South African Women ◽  
National Programs

Background: There is an urgent need to find effective interventions that reduce young South African women’s vulnerability to HIV, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken consistently. As national programs in Africa launch PrEP programs for young women, it is critical to understand how to effectively create awareness, stimulate interest, and increase uptake of PrEP. Methods: Behavior-centered design (BCD) guided the development of a PrEP social marketing campaign for young women. Ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and focus-group discussions with young South African women informed the content and design of a 90-second PrEP demand creation video and two informational brochures. A short survey was administered to young women at their homes after watching a video to evaluate PrEP interest. Of 800 households with a 16-25-year-old female identified from a Cape Town township census, 320 women in these households viewed the video and completed a survey about the video and their interest in PrEP. Results: In focus groups, young women from the township preferred local characters and messaging that was empowering, simple, and motivational. From the household survey of young women who viewed the video, most reported interest in learning more about PrEP (67.7% ‘definitely interested’ and 9.4% ‘somewhat interested’) and taking PrEP (56.4% ‘definitely interested’ and 12.5% ‘somewhat interested’). Factors significantly associated with interest in taking PrEP were having a primary partner with whom they regularly have sex (80.0% vs. 65.2% without a primary partner; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.0) and being in a sexual partnership for <6 months (86.8% vs. 68.5% for >12 months; AOR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.3). Conclusions: A positively framed PrEP demand creation video generated high interest in PrEP among young South African women, particularly among women with a primary partner and a shorter-term relationship. Registration: NCT03142256; registered on 5 May 2017.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a behavior-centered design strategy for creating demand for oral PrEP among young women in Cape Town, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Morton ◽  
Laura Myers ◽  
Katherine Gill ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker ◽  
Gabrielle Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
African Women ◽  
Primary Partner ◽  
Social Marketing Campaign ◽  
Demand Creation ◽  
South African Women ◽  
National Programs

Background: There is an urgent need to find effective interventions that reduce young South African women’s vulnerability to HIV, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken consistently. As national programs in Africa launch PrEP programs for young women, it is critical to understand how to effectively create awareness, stimulate interest, and increase uptake of PrEP. Methods: Behavior-centered design (BCD) guided the development of a PrEP social marketing campaign for young women. Ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and focus-group discussions with young South African women informed the content and design of a 90-second PrEP demand creation video and two informational brochures. A short survey was administered to young women at their homes after watching a video to evaluate PrEP interest. Of 800 households with a 16-25-year-old female identified from a Cape Town township census, 320 women in these households viewed the video and completed a survey about the video and their interest in PrEP. Results: In focus groups, young women from the township preferred local characters and messaging that was empowering, simple, and motivational. From the household survey of young women who viewed the video, most reported interest in learning more about PrEP (67.7% ‘definitely interested’ and 9.4% ‘somewhat interested’) and taking PrEP (56.4% ‘definitely interested’ and 12.5% ‘somewhat interested’). Factors significantly associated with interest in taking PrEP were having a primary partner with whom they regularly have sex (80.0% vs. 65.2% without a primary partner; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.0) and being in a sexual partnership for <6 months (86.8% vs. 68.5% for >12 months; AOR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.3). Conclusions: A positively framed PrEP demand creation video generated high interest in PrEP among young South African women, particularly among women with a primary partner and a shorter-term relationship. Registration: NCT03142256; registered on 5 May 2017.

scholarly journals Distribution of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Ongeziwe Taku ◽  
Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa ◽  
Keletso Phohlo ◽  
Mirta Garcia-Jardon ◽  
Charles B. Businge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
African Women ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

South African women have a high rate of cervical cancer cases, but there are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. A total of 193 cervical specimens with confirmed CIN from women aged 18 years or older, recruited from a referral hospital, were tested for HPV infection. The cervical specimens, smeared onto FTA cards, were screened for 36 HPV types using an HPV direct flow kit. HPV prevalence was 93.5% (43/46) in CIN2 and 96.6% (142/147) in CIN3. HIV-positive women had a significantly higher HPV prevalence than HIV-negative women (98.0% vs. 89.1%, p = 0.012). The prevalence of multiple types was significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women (p = 0.034). The frequently detected genotypes were HPV35 (23.9%), HPV58 (23.9%), HPV45 (19.6%), and HPV16 (17.3%) in CIN2 cases, while in CIN3, HPV35 (22.5%), HPV16 (21.8%), HPV33 (15.6%), and HPV58 (14.3%) were the most common identified HPV types, independent of HIV status. The prevalence of HPV types targeted by the nonavalent HPV vaccine was 60.9% and 68.7% among women with CIN2 and CIN3, respectively, indicating that vaccination would have an impact both in HIV-negative and HIV-positive South African women, although it will not provide full protection in preventing HPV infection and cervical cancer lesions.

scholarly journals Young South African Women on Antiretroviral Therapy Perceptions of a Psychological Counselling Program to Reduce Heavy Drinking and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petal Petersen Williams ◽  
Carrie Brooke-Sumner ◽  
John Joska ◽  
James Kruger ◽  
Lieve Vanleeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
South African ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
African Women ◽  
South African Women ◽  
The Impact

Young women in South Africa remain most at risk for HIV infection. Several factors contribute to the high incidence rate in this population, including hazardous drinking and depression. Addressing common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and alcohol use disorders is key to effective HIV treatment. We explored the experiences and perceptions of young South African women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) of a lay health worker (LHW)-delivered psychosocial intervention based on motivational interviewing (MI) and problem-solving therapy (PST) to reduce heavy drinking and depression. We conducted 27 in-depth interviews with young women (aged 18–35) recruited from 16 primary care clinics in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Discussion topics included young women’s life experiences leading to their enrollment in the program, their perceptions of the counselling sessions and the quality of their interaction with the counsellor. Qualitative data were analyzed using a framework approach. The findings highlighted the impact adverse life experiences and stressful life circumstances have on young women’s use of alcohol and symptoms of depression and the effect this has on ART adherence. The findings suggest that women found the intervention components that helped them develop strategies for coping with their past experiences, managing current life stressors, and regulating negative thoughts and emotions most beneficial. Taken together, these findings confirm the acceptability of LHW-delivered MI-PST counselling for this population, but suggest that the relevance of the MI-PST intervention for this highly vulnerable population could be further enhanced by including a focus on psychological trauma.

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