scholarly journals P714 HIV testing and undiagnosed fraction among adolescent girls and young women by engagement in sex work in mombasa, kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Linwei Wang ◽  
Vernon Mochache ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women

scholarly journals P716 HIV prevalence in at-risk adolescent girls and young women in kenya across locations associated with sex work

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence

scholarly journals  “There is no fear in me … well, that little fear is there”: dualistic views towards HIV testing among South African adolescent girls and young women

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Zoe Duby ◽  
Kim Jonas ◽  
Tracy McClinton Appollis ◽  
Kealeboga Maruping ◽  
Janan Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
South African ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence across adolescent girls and young women in Mombasa, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background We sought to estimate the prevalence and describe heterogeneity in experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) across subgroups of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Methods We used data from a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey among 1299 AGYW aged 14–24 in Mombasa, Kenya in 2015. Respondents were recruited from hotspots associated with sex work, and self-selected into one of three subgroups: young women engaged in casual sex (YCS), young women engaged in transactional sex (YTS), and young women engaged in sex work (YSW). We compared overall and across subgroups: prevalence of lifetime and recent (within previous year) self-reported experience of physical, sexual, and police violence; patterns and perpetrators of first and most recent episode of physical and sexual violence; and factors associated with physical and sexual violence. Results The prevalences of lifetime and recent physical violence were 18.0 and 10.7% respectively. Lifetime and recent sexual violence respectively were reported by 20.5 and 9.8% of respondents. Prevalence of lifetime and recent experience of police violence were 34.7 and 25.8% respectively. All forms of violence were most frequently reported by YSW, followed by YTS and then YCS. 62%/81% of respondents reported having sex during the first episode of physical/sexual violence, and 48%/62% of those sex acts at first episode of physical/sexual violence were condomless. In the most recent episode of violence when sex took place levels of condom use remained low at 53–61%. The main perpetrators of violence were intimate partners for YCS, and both intimate partners and regular non-client partners for YTS. For YSW, first-time and regular paying clients were the main perpetrators of physical and sexual violence. Alcohol use, ever being pregnant and regular source of income were associated with physical and sexual violence though it differed by subgroup and type of violence. Conclusions AGYW in these settings experience high vulnerability to physical, sexual and police violence. However, AGYW are not a homogeneous group, and there are heterogeneities in prevalence and predictors of violence between subgroups of AGYW that need to be understood to design effective programmes to address violence.

HIV testing and ethnicity among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Ghana: what really matters?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
Thembekile Shato ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
Florida Uzoaru ◽  
Stacey Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Despite the high prevalence of HIV among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years in Ghana, HIV testing remains low among this population. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between ethnicity and HIV testing among AGYW in Ghana. The 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data were used and analyses were restricted to 3325 female participants aged 15–24 years. Chi-squared tests and a logistic regression model were used to assess the association between ethnicity and HIV testing. Furthermore, the PEN-3 cultural model informed the conceptual framework that explained the relationship between ethnicity and HIV testing behaviour. Results from the bivariate analysis showed an association between ethnicity and HIV testing among AGYW (p<0.05). However, when controlling for other behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of HIV testing in the logistic regression, there was no association between ethnicity and HIV testing. The significant predictors of HIV testing were marital status, having multiple sexual partners, and condom use. The AGYW who were married (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.56, CI: 3.46–6.08) or previously married (aOR = 4.30, CI: 2.00–9.23) were more likely to test for HIV compared with those who were never married. Having multiple sexual partners (aOR = 0.41, CI: 0.20–0.85) and condom use (aOR = 0.56, CI: 0.38–0.84) were associated with lower odds of HIV testing. The results provide evidence that ethnicity is not associated with HIV testing among AGYW in Ghana, as the bivariate association was attenuated when other behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of HIV testing were accounted for. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual-level factors, community-level factors, and other socio-cultural factors as they really matter in the development of HIV prevention programmes for adolescent girls and young women in Ghana.

scholarly journals Integrated Care Delivery for HIV Prevention and Treatment in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zambia: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/15314 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e15314
Author(s):  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Patrick Edwards ◽  
Sarah T Roberts ◽  
Maurice Musheke ◽  
Michael Mbizvo
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background Among countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia has one of the highest incidences of HIV. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are a particularly affected group because of their social and economic vulnerability. Objective The goal of this study is to test a multilevel package of interventions at the community and health system levels in Zambia in order to connect AGYW with a source of regular care, which will in turn allow for sustainable, successful implementation of regular HIV testing and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Methods We will adapt prior tools to create the SHIELD (Support for HIV Integrated Education, Linkages to Care, and Destigmatization) intervention to educate and empower Zambian AGYW of 10-24 years of age and their families and to create community-based youth clubs to foster peer support. We will also develop integrated wellness care clinics to offer a youth-friendly environment that provides tailored clinical services. We will perform formative research, including focus groups and in-depth interviews, among AGYW, caregivers, and stakeholders to help inform the development and tailoring of the interventions. A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be implemented in Lusaka, with six clinic catchment areas randomized into three groups: zones with integrated wellness care clinics and SHIELD intervention, zones with only SHIELD intervention, and control zones with no intervention. We will assess HIV testing among the HIV-negative or unknown (HIV-/u) cohort, and retention in care along with viral load suppression will be evaluated in the HIV-positive (HIV+) cohort. We will use in-depth interviews and surveys to collect staff and stakeholder feedback after the trial. Cost-effectiveness of the interventions and return-on-investment impacts will be quantified using a microsimulation model. Results Interim results are expected in 2021, and the final results are expected in 2022. If this multilevel intervention is successful in establishing a comprehensive care continuum for HIV-affected AGYW, the Zambian Ministry of Health may advocate for expansion to additional settings to support national scale-up. Conclusions This integrated service delivery model can also be a platform to implement additional preventive services, so HIV-/u and HIV+ AGYW can receive comprehensive, integrated services. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03995953; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03995953 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15314

scholarly journals Preferred HIV Testing Modalities Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Inwani ◽  
Nok Chhun ◽  
Kawango Agot ◽  
Charles M. Cleland ◽  
Samwel O. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women

scholarly journals Integrated Care Delivery for HIV Prevention and Treatment in Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zambia: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujha Subramanian ◽  
Patrick Edwards ◽  
Sarah T Roberts ◽  
Maurice Musheke ◽  
Michael Mbizvo
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Depth Interviews

BACKGROUND Among countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia has one of the highest incidences of HIV. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are a particularly affected group because of their social and economic vulnerability. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to test a multilevel package of interventions at the community and health system levels in Zambia in order to connect AGYW with a source of regular care, which will in turn allow for sustainable, successful implementation of regular HIV testing and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. METHODS We will adapt prior tools to create the SHIELD (Support for HIV Integrated Education, Linkages to Care, and Destigmatization) intervention to educate and empower Zambian AGYW of 10-24 years of age and their families and to create community-based youth clubs to foster peer support. We will also develop integrated wellness care clinics to offer a youth-friendly environment that provides tailored clinical services. We will perform formative research, including focus groups and in-depth interviews, among AGYW, caregivers, and stakeholders to help inform the development and tailoring of the interventions. A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be implemented in Lusaka, with six clinic catchment areas randomized into three groups: zones with integrated wellness care clinics and SHIELD intervention, zones with only SHIELD intervention, and control zones with no intervention. We will assess HIV testing among the HIV-negative or unknown (HIV-/u) cohort, and retention in care along with viral load suppression will be evaluated in the HIV-positive (HIV+) cohort. We will use in-depth interviews and surveys to collect staff and stakeholder feedback after the trial. Cost-effectiveness of the interventions and return-on-investment impacts will be quantified using a microsimulation model. RESULTS Interim results are expected in 2021, and the final results are expected in 2022. If this multilevel intervention is successful in establishing a comprehensive care continuum for HIV-affected AGYW, the Zambian Ministry of Health may advocate for expansion to additional settings to support national scale-up. CONCLUSIONS This integrated service delivery model can also be a platform to implement additional preventive services, so HIV-/u and HIV+ AGYW can receive comprehensive, integrated services. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03995953; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03995953

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