scholarly journals Vulnerabilities at First Sex and Their Association With Lifetime Gender-Based Violence and HIV Prevalence Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Engaged in Sex Work, Transactional Sex, and Casual Sex in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa L. Becker ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
James F. Blanchard ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
First Sex ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence across adolescent girls and young women in Mombasa, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
Shajy Isac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background We sought to estimate the prevalence and describe heterogeneity in experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) across subgroups of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Methods We used data from a cross-sectional bio-behavioural survey among 1299 AGYW aged 14–24 in Mombasa, Kenya in 2015. Respondents were recruited from hotspots associated with sex work, and self-selected into one of three subgroups: young women engaged in casual sex (YCS), young women engaged in transactional sex (YTS), and young women engaged in sex work (YSW). We compared overall and across subgroups: prevalence of lifetime and recent (within previous year) self-reported experience of physical, sexual, and police violence; patterns and perpetrators of first and most recent episode of physical and sexual violence; and factors associated with physical and sexual violence. Results The prevalences of lifetime and recent physical violence were 18.0 and 10.7% respectively. Lifetime and recent sexual violence respectively were reported by 20.5 and 9.8% of respondents. Prevalence of lifetime and recent experience of police violence were 34.7 and 25.8% respectively. All forms of violence were most frequently reported by YSW, followed by YTS and then YCS. 62%/81% of respondents reported having sex during the first episode of physical/sexual violence, and 48%/62% of those sex acts at first episode of physical/sexual violence were condomless. In the most recent episode of violence when sex took place levels of condom use remained low at 53–61%. The main perpetrators of violence were intimate partners for YCS, and both intimate partners and regular non-client partners for YTS. For YSW, first-time and regular paying clients were the main perpetrators of physical and sexual violence. Alcohol use, ever being pregnant and regular source of income were associated with physical and sexual violence though it differed by subgroup and type of violence. Conclusions AGYW in these settings experience high vulnerability to physical, sexual and police violence. However, AGYW are not a homogeneous group, and there are heterogeneities in prevalence and predictors of violence between subgroups of AGYW that need to be understood to design effective programmes to address violence.

scholarly journals P716 HIV prevalence in at-risk adolescent girls and young women in kenya across locations associated with sex work

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Becker ◽  
Helgar Musyoki ◽  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Parinita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Prevalence

scholarly journals Gender-Based Violence as A Driver of HIV Infections Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kisumu, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 665-678
Author(s):  
Anthony Wainaina Ndungu
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Gender Based Violence is a universal catastrophe affecting global health, and thus development and is a major human rights concern. This study’s major objective was to establish what extent gender-based violence prevention influence performance of HIV prevention projects for young women and teenagers in Kisumu County. The study population constituted of teenage girls, and young women enrolled in HIV prevention projects implemented in Kisumu County for at least two years. Interviews were also conducted with key project implementers including project managers and monitoring and evaluation managers. Data collection for the study was done by utilizing data collection tools which included focused group discussion, structured questionnaires and an interview guide. 364 respondents were taken from 89,611 adolescents enrolled in HIV prevention projects using stratified random sampling technique. For descriptive data the study employed percentages, frequencies Arithmetic Mean as analytical tools of analysis. The Pearson’s value and Linear Regression were manipulated as statistical tools for inferential statistics. To test the hypotheses, the Fisher (F) test utilized. Descriptive statistics showed that gender-based violence prevention has a noteworthy effect on the production of HIV prevention projects for young women and adolescent girls in Kisumu County. The value of r2 was 0.452, indicating that gender-based violence prevention explained 45.2% of the change in the effectiveness of HIV prevention projects in Kisumu. The beta coefficient was 0.623, implying that gender-based violence had a noteworthy statistical impact on the performance of HIV prevention projects (β=0.623, t=10.928, p=0.000<0.05).

scholarly journals A14 Estimating time since HIV infection using next-generation sequencing data: A unique tool to help understand HIV prevention among high-risk young women in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Cholette ◽  
Christina Daniuk ◽  
Emma Lee ◽  
Rupert Capina ◽  
Eve Cheuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract The transitions study examines HIV risk among adolescent girls and young women through their sexual life course from first sex, to past and current engagement in casual sex, transactional sex, and, for some, formal sex work (FSW). Understanding the timing of HIV infection and the circumstances around early infection in young females is critical to HIV prevention interventions. We inferred time since HIV infection using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the HIV pol gene isolated from cross-sectional samples among high-risk young women in Dnipro, Ukraine. Dried blood spots were collected on Whatman 903 cards from young women aged 14–24 engaged in casual sex (n = 894), transactional sex (n = 464), and FSW (n = 452). The HIV pol gene was sequenced using an in-house NGS HIV drug resistance mutation genotyping assay. Time since HIV infection was inferred using an online tool as described by Puller et al. (2017) freely available at https://hiv.biozentrum.unibas.ch/ETI/. The mean estimated time since HIV infection (ETI) for participants engaged in casual sex, transactional sex, and FSW is 1.98, 1.84, and 3.01 years, respectively. ETI was used to determine the duration of HIV infection for each participant and compared to the number of sexually active years prior to FSW. Among FSW, 61 per cent of participants were infected with HIV prior to entry into sex work. In general, ETI from NGS data suggests that FSWs were infected with HIV before entry into FSW. Expansion of targeted prevention programs beyond FSW could play an important role in mitigating HIV transmission at the population level.

scholarly journals “You talk about problems until you feel free”: South African adolescent girls’ and young women’s narratives on the value of HIV prevention peer support clubs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Baron ◽  
Fiona Scorgie ◽  
Lethabo Ramskin ◽  
Nomhle Khoza ◽  
Jennifer Schutzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
As Relationship

Abstract Background: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women if used consistently during periods of risk. The EMPOWER study evaluated peer-based clubs incorporating an empowerment curriculum offered to adolescent girls and young women (16-24 years) in South Africa and Tanzania for adherence support. Methods: Using serial in-depth interviews (n=33), we assessed the benefits and challenges of club attendance among 13 EMPOWER participants in the Johannesburg site who were randomised to clubs. We used a summary matrix of coded data to support a narrative, case-based analysis. Four case studies are presented. Results: Club participants reported benefits such as increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduced isolation, and greater insight into gender-based violence and strategies to address it. Day-to-day PrEP adherence was not the only topic discussed in clubs; participants also appreciated the safe space for sharing problems (such as relationship conflict and PrEP stigma) and found interactive exercises helpful in improving partner communication.Conclusions: Findings support the use of peer-based clubs using a structured empowerment approach, which may offer valuable PrEP initiation support to adolescent girls and young women in settings with high HIV and gender-based violence prevalence.Trial registration: South African Clinical Trial Register 4353, 15 April 2016

scholarly journals “You talk about problems until you feel free”: South African adolescent and young women’s narratives on the value of HIV prevention peer support clubs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Baron ◽  
Fiona Scorgie ◽  
Lethabo Ramskin ◽  
Nomhle Khoza ◽  
Jennifer Schutzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Violence Prevalence ◽  
Interactive Exercises

Abstract Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women if used consistently during periods of risk. The EMPOWER study evaluated peer-based clubs incorporating an empowerment curriculum offered to adolescent girls and young women (16-24 years) in South Africa and Tanzania for adherence support. Using serial in-depth interviews (n=33), we assessed the benefits and challenges of club attendance among 13 EMPOWER participants in the Johannesburg site who were randomised to clubs. We used a summary matrix of coded data to support a narrative, case-based analysis. Four case studies are presented. Club participants reported benefits such as increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduced isolation, and greater insight into gender-based violence and strategies to address it. Day-to-day PrEP adherence was not the only topic discussed in clubs; participants also appreciated the safe space for sharing problems and found interactive exercises helpful in improving partner communication. Findings support the use of peer-based clubs using a structured empowerment approach, which may offer valuable PrEP initiation support to adolescent girls and young women in settings with high HIV and gender-based violence prevalence.

scholarly journals “You talk about problems until you feel free”: South African adolescent girls' and young women’s narratives on the value of HIV prevention peer support clubs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Baron ◽  
Fiona Scorgie ◽  
Lethabo Ramskin ◽  
Nomhle Khoza ◽  
Jennifer Schutzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Partner Communication ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Violence Prevalence ◽  
As Relationship

Abstract Background: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women if used consistently during periods of risk. The EMPOWER study evaluated peer-based clubs incorporating an empowerment curriculum offered to adolescent girls and young women (16-24 years) in South Africa and Tanzania for adherence support. Methods: Using serial in-depth interviews (n=33), we assessed the benefits and challenges of club attendance among 13 EMPOWER participants in the Johannesburg site who were randomised to clubs. We used a summary matrix of coded data to support a narrative, case-based analysis. Four case studies are presented. Results: Club participants reported benefits such as increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduced isolation, and greater insight into gender-based violence and strategies to address it. Day-to-day PrEP adherence was not the only topic discussed in clubs; participants also appreciated the safe space for sharing problems (such as relationship conflict and PrEP stigma) and found interactive exercises helpful in improving partner communication.Conclusions: Findings support the use of peer-based clubs using a structured empowerment approach, which may offer valuable PrEP initiation support to adolescent girls and young women in settings with high HIV and gender-based violence prevalence.

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