HIV testing and ethnicity among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Ghana: what really matters?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
Thembekile Shato ◽  
Chisom Obiezu-Umeh ◽  
Florida Uzoaru ◽  
Stacey Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Despite the high prevalence of HIV among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years in Ghana, HIV testing remains low among this population. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between ethnicity and HIV testing among AGYW in Ghana. The 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data were used and analyses were restricted to 3325 female participants aged 15–24 years. Chi-squared tests and a logistic regression model were used to assess the association between ethnicity and HIV testing. Furthermore, the PEN-3 cultural model informed the conceptual framework that explained the relationship between ethnicity and HIV testing behaviour. Results from the bivariate analysis showed an association between ethnicity and HIV testing among AGYW (p<0.05). However, when controlling for other behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of HIV testing in the logistic regression, there was no association between ethnicity and HIV testing. The significant predictors of HIV testing were marital status, having multiple sexual partners, and condom use. The AGYW who were married (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.56, CI: 3.46–6.08) or previously married (aOR = 4.30, CI: 2.00–9.23) were more likely to test for HIV compared with those who were never married. Having multiple sexual partners (aOR = 0.41, CI: 0.20–0.85) and condom use (aOR = 0.56, CI: 0.38–0.84) were associated with lower odds of HIV testing. The results provide evidence that ethnicity is not associated with HIV testing among AGYW in Ghana, as the bivariate association was attenuated when other behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of HIV testing were accounted for. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual-level factors, community-level factors, and other socio-cultural factors as they really matter in the development of HIV prevention programmes for adolescent girls and young women in Ghana.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Findings of Alcohol Misuse and Dependence Symptoms among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Involved in High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Kampala, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6129
Author(s):  
Yunia Mayanja ◽  
Onesmus Kamacooko ◽  
Daniel Bagiire ◽  
Gertrude Namale ◽  
Janet Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Alcohol-related harms may be increased among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) involved in sex work, yet data on alcohol misuse among AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa are still scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 15–24-year-old AGYW from January 2013 to December 2018 in Kampala, Uganda and used the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to study alcohol use patterns and dependence symptoms (dependence score ≥4). Of 1440 participants (median age 21 years), 83.1% had less than secondary education, 79.8% reported ≥10 paying sexual partners in the past month, 46.0% had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV), and 20.6% were living with HIV. Overall, 59.9% scored ≥8 and 29.4% scored ≥16 on the AUDIT. Of 277 (15.8%) with dependence symptoms, 69.1% were screened alcohol dependent. An AUDIT score ≥8 was associated with older age, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV, inconsistent condom use with paying partners, and HIV sero-negativity. All factors remained associated with a higher score ≥16 except HIV status. Similarly, illicit drug use, experiencing IPV and inconsistent condom use were associated with dependence symptoms and, in addition, a higher number of paying sexual partners. Alcohol misuse is high in this population, they urgently need harmful substance use reduction interventions.

scholarly journals The relationship between self-efficacy and spirituality in condom use behaviour among MSM-PLWHA in Bandung, indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirwanto K. Rahim ◽  
Agung Waluyo ◽  
Sri Yona
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), is increasing. Disease transmission occurs because of the low use of condoms. This study aimed to identify the relationship between condom self-efficacy and spirituality in condom use behavior.Design and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling techniques. It involved 251 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) MSM. Chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis and then continued with the logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis.Results: The results show that there was a significant relationship between condom self-efficacy and condom use behavior with p-value <0.05 (OR=11.298; 95% CI: 4.35-20.1, p=0.000) and spirituality towards condom use behavior p-value <0.05 (OR=3.405; 95% CI: 0.85-3.21, p=0.00). In multivariate analysis of multiple logistic regression, condom self-efficacy is the factor that predominantly influences condom use behaviour.Conclusions: To improve the consistency of condom use, nurses need to prioritize interventions such as counselling activities that focus on increasing self-confidence (self-efficacy).

scholarly journals “[Repeat] testing and counseling is one of the key [services] that the government should continue providing”: participants’ perceptions on extended repeat HIV testing and enhanced counseling (ERHTEC) for primary HIV prevention in pregnant and lactating women in the PRIMAL study, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Bannink Mbazzi ◽  
◽  
Zikulah Namukwaya ◽  
Alexander Amone ◽  
Francis Ojok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Couple Communication ◽  
Repeat Hiv Testing

Abstract Background The ‘Primary HIV Prevention among Pregnant and Lactating Ugandan Women’ (PRIMAL) randomized controlled trial aimed to assess an enhanced counseling strategy linked to extended postpartum repeat HIV testing and enhanced counseling among 820 HIV-negative pregnant and lactating women aged 18–49 years and 410 of their male partners to address the first pillar of the WHO Global Strategy for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission (PMTCT). This paper presents findings of qualitative studies aimed at evaluating participants’ and service providers’ perceptions on the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and at understanding the effects of the intervention on risk reduction, couple communication, and emotional support from women’s partners. Methods PRIMAL Study participants were enrolled from two antenatal care clinics and randomized 1:1 to an intervention or control arm. Both arms received repeat sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV testing at enrolment, labor and delivery, and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postpartum. The intervention consisted of enhanced quarterly counseling on HIV risk reduction, couple communication, family planning and nutrition delivered by study counselors through up to 24 months post-partum. Control participants received repeat standard post-test counseling. Qualitative data were collected from intervention women participants, counsellors and midwives at baseline, midline and end of the study through 18 focus group discussions and 44 key informant interviews. Data analysis followed a thematic approach using framework analysis and a matrix-based system for organizing, reducing, and synthesizing data. Results At baseline, FGD participants mentioned multiple sexual partners and lack of condom use as the main risks for pregnant and lactating women to acquire HIV. The main reasons for having multiple sexual partners were 1) the cultural practice not to have sex in the late pre-natal and early post-natal period; 2) increased sexual desire during pregnancy; 3) alcohol abuse; 4) poverty; and 5) conflict in couples. Consistent condom use at baseline was limited due to lack of knowledge and low acceptance of condom use in couples. The majority of intervention participants enrolled as couples felt enhanced counselling improved understanding, faithfulness, mutual support and appreciation within their couple. Another benefit mentioned by participants was improvement of couple communication and negotiation, as well as daily decision-making around sexual needs, family planning and condom use. Participants stressed the importance of providing counselling services to all couples. Conclusion This study shows that enhanced individual and couple counselling linked to extended repeat HIV and STI testing and focusing on HIV prevention, couple communication, family planning and nutrition is a feasible and acceptable intervention that could enhance risk reduction programs among pregnant and lactating women. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT01882998, date of registration 21st June 2013.

“[ Repeat ] testing and counseling is one of the key [ services ] that the government should continue providing”: Participants’ Perceptions on Extended Repeat HIV Testing and Enhanced Counseling (ERHTEC) for Primary HIV Prevention in Pregnant and Lactating Ugandan Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Bannink ◽  
Zikulah Namukwaya ◽  
Alex Amoone ◽  
Francis Ojok ◽  
Juliane Etima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Couple Communication ◽  
Repeat Hiv Testing ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background The ‘Primary HIV Prevention among Pregnant and Lactating Ugandan Women’ (PRIMAL) randomized controlled trail aimed to assess an enhanced counseling strategy linked to extended repeat HIV testing among HIV-negative pregnant and lactating women aged 18-49 years and 410 of their male partners to address the first pillar of the WHO Global Strategy for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV transmission. Methods: PRIMAL Study participants were enrolled from two antenatal care clinics and randomized 1:1 to an intervention or control arm. Both arms received repeat STI and HIV testing at enrollment, labor and delivery, and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postpartum. The intervention consisted of enhanced quarterly counseling on HIV risk reduction, couple communication, family planning and nutrition delivered by study counselors. Control participants received repeat standard post-test counseling. Eighteen focus group discussions and 44 key informant interviews were held to evaluate study participants’ and service providers’ perceptions and acceptance of the intervention and understand the effects of the intervention on risk reduction, couple communication, and emotional support from partners. Results: At baseline participants mentioned multiple sexual partners and lack of condom use as the main risks for pregnant and lactating women to acquire HIV. The main reasons for having multiple sexual partners were 1) the cultural practice not to have sex in the late pre-natal and early post-natal period; 2) increased sexual desire during pregnancy; 3) alcohol abuse; 4) poverty; and 5) conflict in couples. Consistent condom use at baseline was limited due to lack of knowledge and low acceptance of condom use in couples. The majority of intervention participants enrolled felt enhanced counselling improved understanding, faithfulness, mutual support and appreciation within their couple. Another benefit mentioned by participants was improvement of couple communication and negotiation, as well as daily decision-making around sexual needs, family planning and condom use. Participants stressed the importance of providing counselling services to all couples. Conclusions: This study shows that repeat postpartum testing and enhanced individual and couple counselling increased condom use, supported risk reduction, and improved support, communication and decision-making about sexual and reproductive health for pregnant and lactating women.

scholarly journals The relationship between intimate partner violence and probable depression among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvy K. Brar ◽  
Tara S. H. Beattie ◽  
Melanie Abas ◽  
Dhrutika Vansia ◽  
Twambilile Phanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Probable Depression

#PLLQueerTheory: Fans’ reactions to queer representation in Pretty Little Liars

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K. Day ◽  
Summer Melody Pennell
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Television Show ◽  
Queer Representation ◽  
Emerging Adult Women ◽  
The Relationship

Pretty Little Liars is a television show popular with queer teen adolescent girls and emerging adult women who engage in conversation on Twitter. In this case study centred on the queer relationship between main characters Emily and Alison, the authors employ fandom studies and queer theory to analyse tweets about the show using the popular hashtags #Emison and #BooRadleyVanCullen. Findings reveal that queer young women used Twitter both to praise and critique the relationship and its homonormative constructs, resist heteronormativity surrounding the portrayal of Emily’s sexuality in particular, and create a sustainable queer community.

Sexual behaviour and social class in Australian women

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mindel ◽  
C Marks ◽  
R Tideman ◽  
J Taylor ◽  
C Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
First Sex ◽  
The Public ◽  
Simplex Virus

Sexual behaviour is determined by social, cultural and personal factors. Sexual behaviour studies have been conducted in many countries. However, information from Australia is limited. This study was conducted in Obstetrics Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney. Questionnaire-derived demographic and behavioural characteristics for public and private patients were compared using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Of the patients, 3036 were public, and 595 private. On bivariate analysis some significant differences were private patients more likely to be born in Australia and have a higher education level whereas public patients were more likely to have had a greater number of lifetime sexual partners and younger age at first sex. Public patients were more likely to be herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody positive (12%) than private patients (6%). On logistic regression significant variables included country of birth, being HSV-2 antibody positive, and age at first sex. A number of sexual and social variables were significantly different, comparing patients in the public and private sectors. Evaluation of interventions to reduce the sexual risk to women in the public sector should be considered, including encouraging young women to delay their sexual debut, and reducing the number of sexual partners.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sex Education and Sexual Behaviour in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Nofi Susanti ◽  
Reinpal Falefi ◽  
Tri Bayu Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescent sexual behavior remains a global problem with high reports of cases of adolescents behaving freely. The lack of knowledge about sexuality is caused by limited information, services, and advocacy. There has not been a reproductive health curriculum for adolescents in schools. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between sex education and sexual behavior in adolescents. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling was taken using a total sampling technique. The sample included all students of class X and XI, with a total of 102 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Bivariate analysis results showed that there was a relationship between sex education by parents, teachers, peers, and social media and sexual behavior. The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression tests showed that sex education provided by parents was the most substantial relationship with sexual behavior. The study concluded that parents, teachers, and social media were associated with sex education. Extensive sex education from other trusted information could reduce pre-marital sexual activity among adolescents.  Elaborating on external factors would implicate a good attitude and behavior in students.

scholarly journals Sexual Practices and HIV Seropositivity Disclosure among Adults in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Phoebe D Ndayala ◽  
Lucy W Ngige ◽  
Alice Ondigi ◽  
Humphries Evelia
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Regular Sexual Partner

The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between sexual practices and HIV seropositive status disclosure to sexual partners by People Living with Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (PLWHIV) in Nairobi, Kenya. A survey was conducted among 232 PLWHIV who were registered members of HIV support groups in an informal settlement. Results showed that half (50.5%) of the respondents had disclosed their HIV seropositive status to their sexual partners. Chi-square results revealed statistically significant relationships between HIV seropositive disclosure and the following sexual behaviours: condom use in the last sexual encounter (χ2 = 12.144; df = 1; p = 0.001); regular sexual partner (χ2 = 5.124; df = 1; p = 0.024); agreement on HIV testing with sexual partner (χ2 = 3.873; df = 1; p = 0.039) and knowledge of sexual partners’ HIV serostatus (χ2 = 6.536; df = 1; p = 0.011). The binary logistic regression results established four positive predictors of self-disclosure to sexual partners as regular sexual partner (AOR = 2.506; p = 0.012), knowledge of sexual partners’ HIV serostatus (AOR = 3.949; p = 0.015), condom use during the last sexual encounter (AOR = 3.507; p = 0.035) and agreement on HIV testing with sexual partner (AOR = 2.560; p = 0.020).  However, the desire to conceive (AOR = 3.050; p = 0.094) and the method of testing HIV serostatus (AOR = 0.853; p = 0.530) were not significant predictors of HIV seropositivity disclosure. It was concluded that respondents who knew their partners HIV serostatus and also used a condom during their last sexual encounter were four times more likely to disclose than those who were not aware of partners’ serostatus or those who did not use a condom in their last sexual encounter. Furthermore, those who were in regular sexual relationships and also agreed on HIV testing with sexual partners were twice more likely to disclose than those in casual sexual relationships. An analysis of sexual practices of PLWHIV can therefore enhance the formulation of targeted strategies aimed at enhancing HIV prevention and reduction of risky sexual behaviour among PLWHIV.

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