Addicted to green: priming effect of menthol cigarette packaging on brain response to smoking cues

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056639
Author(s):  
Zhenhao Shi ◽  
An-Li Wang ◽  
Victoria P Fairchild ◽  
Catherine A Aronowitz ◽  
Kevin G Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity ◽  
Specific Priming

IntroductionMentholated tobacco cigarettes are believed to be more addictive than non-menthol ones. Packaging of most menthol cigarette brands includes distinctive green hues, which may act as conditioned stimuli (ie, cues) and promote menthol smoking. To examine the cue properties of menthol cigarette packaging, we used a priming paradigm to assess the effect of packaging on the neural substrates of smoking cue reactivity. We hypothesised that menthol packaging will exert a specific priming effect potentiating smoking cue reactivity in menthol compared with non-menthol smokers.MethodsForty-two menthol and 33 non-menthol smokers underwent functional MRI while viewing smoking and neutral cues. The cues were preceded (ie, primed) by briefly presented images of menthol or non-menthol cigarette packages. Participants reported craving for cigarettes in response to each cue.ResultsMenthol packaging induced greater frontostriatal and occipital smoking cue reactivity in menthol smokers than in non-menthol smokers. Menthol packaging also enhanced the mediation by neural activity of the relationship between cue exposure and cigarette craving in menthol but not non-menthol smokers. Dynamic causal modelling showed stronger frontostriatal-occipital connectivity in response to menthol packaging in menthol compared with non-menthol smokers. The effects of non-menthol packaging did not differ between categories of smokers.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate heightened motivational and perceptual salience of the green-hued menthol cigarette packaging that may exacerbate menthol smokers’ susceptibility to smoking cues. These effects could contribute to the greater addiction severity among menthol smokers and could be considered in the development of science-based regulation and legal review of tobacco product marketing practices.

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Brain Functioning Associated with Smoking Cue-Reactivity and Inhibitory Control in Nonsmoking Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Johanna Maria Gemma Boormans ◽  
Joyce Dieleman ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Maartje Luijten
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Despite its well-established negative effects, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure remains highly prevalent worldwide. ETS exposure is associated with a wide range of physical and mental health-related problems among youth, including an increased likelihood to develop nicotine dependence. Up till now, neurocognitive effects of ETS exposure are largely unknown, while such effects could explain the role of ETS exposure in the development of nicotine dependence. Therefore, this preregistered study investigated the role of current ETS exposure in brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging, nonsmoking adolescents aged 14–18 years (<i>N</i> = 51) performed a smoking cue-reactivity task, assessing brain functioning to smoking cues, and a Go/NoGo task measuring inhibitory control. ETS exposure was measured using a self-report questionnaire and biochemically verified. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No significant associations were observed between current ETS exposure and brain functioning associated with smoking cue-reactivity and inhibitory control. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of current ETS exposure are not associated with increased salience of smoking cues or deficits in inhibitory control in nonsmoking adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to further clarify the exact effect of lifetime ETS exposure on brain functioning, as well as research focusing on the effects of higher levels of ETS exposure.

Smoking cue reactivity across massed extinction trials: Negative affect and gender effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley N. Collins ◽  
Uma S. Nair ◽  
Eugene Komaroff
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity ◽  
And Gender

Scripted imagery manipulations and smoking cue reactivity in a clinical sample of self-quitters.

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Shadel ◽  
Raymond Niaura ◽  
David B. Abrams ◽  
Michael G. Goldstein ◽  
Damaris J. Rohsenow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council: Advocating for a menthol cigarette ban in San Francisco, California

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056215
Author(s):  
Sarah D Mills ◽  
Carol O McGruder ◽  
Valerie B Yerger
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Product Sales

The African American Tobacco Control Leadership Council (AATCLC) is an advocacy group that works to inform the direction of tobacco control policy and priorities in the USA. This article narrates the AATCLC’s work advocating for a comprehensive, flavoured tobacco product sales ban in San Francisco, California. Recommendations for tobacco control advocates and lessons learned from their work are provided. The article concludes by discussing conditions necessary to enact the policy. These include having a dedicated advocacy team, community support, a policy sponsor, and clear and repeated messaging that is responsive to community concerns.

scholarly journals Smoking-related cue reactivity in a virtual reality setting: association between craving and EEG measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Tamburin ◽  
Denise Dal Lago ◽  
Federica Armani ◽  
Marco Turatti ◽  
Riccardo Saccà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Contextual Stimuli ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analogue Scales

Abstract Background Cue-reactivity is the array of responses that smokers exhibit when exposed to conditioned and contextual stimuli previously associated to substance use. The difficulty to experimentally recreate the complexity of smokers’ spatial experience and context requires more ecological models. Virtual reality (VR) creates a state of immersion close to reality allowing controlled assessments of behavioral responses. To date, no studies investigated brain activation associated to smoking cue-reactivity in VR using electroencephalography (EEG). Aims To investigate whether a VR cue-reactivity paradigm (a) may increase smoking craving, (b) is feasible with EEG recording, and (c) induces craving levels associated to EEG desynchronization. Methods Smokers (N = 20) and non-smokers (N = 20) were exposed to neutral and smoking-related VR scenarios, without and with smoking conditioned stimuli, respectively. EEG was recorded from occipital and parietal leads throughout the sessions to assess alpha band desynchronization. Smoking and food craving and presence visual analogue scales (VAS) were assessed during the session. Results To be smoker, but not non-smoker, significantly influenced smoking craving VAS induced by smoking cue VR but not by neutral VR. No significant food craving changes was observed during the VR sessions. The new finding was that EEG alpha band power in posterior leads was significantly increased by the smoking context scenario only in smokers, and that the degree of smoking (i.e., heavy vs. light) was significantly associated to this neurophysiological measure. Conclusions This study demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of EEG recording in a VR setting, suggesting that EEG desynchronization may be a neurophysiological marker of smoking cue-reactivity.

Sensory modality of smoking cues modulates neural cue reactivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavor Yalachkov ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Andreas Görres ◽  
Arne Seehaus ◽  
Marcus J. Naumer
Keyword(s):  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Smoking Cues

scholarly journals Smoking Cue Reactivity in Adult Smokers with and without Depression: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H. Weinberger ◽  
Sherry A. McKee ◽  
Tony P. George
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Smoking Cue Reactivity

An Analysis of Small Retailers' Relationships with Tobacco Companies in 4 US Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Heather D'Angelo ◽  
Guadalupe X. Ayala ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Melissa N. Laska ◽  
Lesley Schmidt Sindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Tobacco Company ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Marketing Materials ◽  
Us Cities ◽  
Cigarette Prices

Objective: In this study, we examined small food store retailers' perspectives on tobacco company agreements specifying tobacco product display and promotion. Methods: We interviewed owners/managers of small food stores (N = 63) in lower-income neighborhoods in 4 US cities using open-and closed-ended questions between October 2013 and July 2014. We coded qualitative interview data and calculated descriptive statistics. Results: Most retailers had a formal contract with a tobacco company (87%). Retailers perceived that tobacco products generated low profits, but were important to attract customers. Nearly 95% with contracts reported receiving an incentive, including marketing materials (86.8%), displays (79%), and free/discounted products (50.9%). Contract requirements included placing branded displays and marketing materials in prime locations and setting cigarette prices. Retailers in urban, African-American neighborhoods felt pressure to maintain menthol cigarette contracts to stay in business. Conclusion: Contracts with tobacco companies were common among the small food stores in this study, and retailers felt they needed the contracts to keep prices competitive. Given the reliance of retailers on tobacco industry contracts, states and localities may need to adopt measures to counter their effects, especially the financial incentives that lead to lower cigarette prices and more prominent displays of promotions and marketing materials.

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