scholarly journals Advancing racial equity and social justice for Black communities in US tobacco control policy

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056704
Author(s):  
Sam N Cwalina ◽  
Ugonna Ihenacho ◽  
Joshua Barker ◽  
Sabrina L Smiley ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Product Review ◽  
Systemic Racism

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) applies the Population Health Standard in tobacco product review processes by weighing anticipated health benefits against risks associated with a given commercial tobacco product at the population level. However, systemic racism (ie, discriminatory policies and practices) contributes to an inequitable distribution of tobacco-related health benefits and risks between white and Black/African Americans at the population level. Therefore, Black-centered, antiracist data standards for tobacco product review processes are needed to achieve racial equity and social justice in US tobacco control policy. Regardless of whether FDA implements such data standards, non-industry tobacco scientists should prioritise producing and disseminating Black-centred data relevant to FDA’s regulatory authority. We describe how systemic racism contributes to disparities in tobacco-related outcomes and why these disparities are relevant for population-level risk assessments, then discuss four possible options for Black-centred data standards relevant to tobacco product review processes.

scholarly journals Associations between smoking trajectories, smoke-free laws and cigarette taxes in a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246321
Author(s):  
Dorie E. Apollonio ◽  
Lauren M. Dutra ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Reduced Risk

Cigarette smoking patterns vary within the population, with some individuals remaining never smokers, some remaining occasional users, and others progressing to daily use or quitting. There is little research on how population-level tobacco control policy interventions affect individuals within different smoking trajectories. We identified associations between tobacco control policy interventions and changes across different smoking trajectories among adolescents and young adults. Using 15 annual waves of data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we applied a group-based trajectory model to identify associations between days smoked per month, comprehensive smoke-free laws, cigarette tax rates, and known socio-demographic risk factors for membership in different smoking trajectories. Comprehensive smoke-free laws were associated with reduced risk of initiation and reductions in days smoked per month for all trajectories other than occasional users. Higher tax rates were associated with reduced risk of initiation and days smoked for all trajectories other than established users. Overall, population-based tobacco control policies, particularly comprehensive smoke-free laws, were associated with reduced smoking. Tobacco taxes primarily reduced risk of initiation and use among never smokers, experimenters, and quitters, consistent with previous research suggesting that tobacco manufacturers lower prices after tax increases to reduce the cost of continued smoking for established users. These results provide support for expanding smoke-free laws and establishing a minimum tobacco floor price, which could improve public health by reducing the risk of initiation as well as use among occasional and established smokers.

scholarly journals Using market data to understand corporate behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hiscock
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Level Statistics ◽  
Product Sales

Abstract Background Tobacco companies sell tobacco in order to invest in the business and make profits for shareholders. One element in creating profitability is via data driven marketing. Such data are also useful for public health because an understanding of pricing and sales patterns can help with the development of effective tobacco control methods by understanding how the tobacco industry is making profits. Methods Study 1) Public and commercial databases which provide free or paywalled access to market data were identified. Internet searches were conducted to understand more about their ownership, mission of the owners, funding and accessibility Study 2) University of Bath studies using such datasets to understand the tobacco industry were reviewed to synergise the ways in which corporate behaviour has undermined tobacco control policy. Results The United Nations provides freely accessible national level statistics on imports and exports of raw tobacco and manufactured tobacco products. Limited survey data may be available on the last product smoked. Proprietary databases are expensive, may have usage restrictions and links to the tobacco industry but can provide a detailed picture of tobacco product sales and prices. Research on such databases has illustrated how the tobacco industry kept cheap tobacco available despite tobacco taxes, used tax rises to increase their own revenue and used a standardised packaging sell through period to keep branded packs on the market for longer. Conclusions Governments should require the tobacco industry to provide market data in an easily publishable form Key messages The most detailed data on the tobacco market is proprietary. Proprietary databases are expensive, may have usage restrictions and links to the tobacco industry. Understanding of pricing and sales patterns can help with evaluating the effectiveness of tobacco control policy.

The Ethics of e-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Global Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Cristian I. Meghea ◽  
◽  
Oana Blaga ◽  
Marina Dascal ◽  
Teodora Fratila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

"Tobacco smoking is especially harmful for women because, in addition to its effects on mortality and morbidity, it negatively impacts pregnancy, reproductive, and health of the offspring. Data from our work in Romania revealed that pregnant tobacco smokers are seeking information and clinical advice related to e-cigarette use as a tobacco cessation approach. E-cigarette use increased rapidly in the recent years in the US and in other countries, including LMICs. The tobacco control field is deeply divided on how to respond to the increase in e-cigarette use. Additional evidence on the ethical issues related to e-cigarette use and tobacco cessation will inform our mHealth and other pregnancy tobacco cessation interventions and will guide future tobacco control policy direction. The objective of this study is to identify ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarette use for tobacco cessation during pregnancy among pregnant smokers, their life partners, medical professionals, and other stakeholders. We will interview (N=20) and conduct two focus groups with women who smoke (one focus group, N=10) and women who quit during pregnancy (one focus group, N=10); interview life partners (N=10) of such women; interview ObGyn physicians (N=10) and nurses (N=10); and interview (N=10) and conduct one focus group (N=10) with perinatal educators. Other relevant stakeholders will be also interviewed including the leadership of 2035 Tobacco Free Romania, the national Stop Smoking program, the Pure Air consortium, the Romanian Pneumology Society, the SAMAS NGO focused on maternal and child health and rights, and others. With respect to expected outcomes, the proposed application is anticipated to advance understanding of the smokers’ and other stakeholders’ ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarettes use for tobacco smoking cessation. The in-depth new knowledge will have a positive impact on the cessation of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoking and will inform future tobacco control policy directions. Results will be available and will be presented at the time of the conference. This work is based on research partly funded through six NIH-funded projects (grant no. K01TW009654, R21TW010896, 5R21TW010896-02S1, 5R21TW010896-02S2, 1R21HD103039-0, 1R25TW010518-01A1). "

scholarly journals Association between tax structure and cigarette consumption: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s31-s36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Shang ◽  
Hye Myung Lee ◽  
Frank J Chaloupka ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong ◽  
Mary Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Structures

BackgroundRecent studies show that greater price variability and more opportunities for tax avoidance are associated with tax structures that depart from a specific uniform one. These findings indicate that tax structures other than a specific uniform one may lead to more cigarette consumption.ObjectiveThis paper aims to examine how cigarette tax structure is associated with cigarette consumption.MethodsWe used survey data taken from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project in 17 countries to conduct the analysis. Self-reported cigarette consumption was aggregated to average measures for each surveyed country and wave. The effect of tax structures on cigarette consumption was estimated using generalised estimating equations after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, average taxes and year fixed effects.FindingsOur study provides important empirical evidence of a relationship between tax structure and cigarette consumption. We find that a change from a specific to an ad valorem structure is associated with a 6%–11% higher cigarette consumption. In addition, a change from uniform to tiered structure is associated with a 34%–65% higher cigarette consumption. The results are consistent with existing evidence and suggest that a uniform and specific tax structure is the most effective tax structure for reducing tobacco consumption.

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