scholarly journals Associations between smoking trajectories, smoke-free laws and cigarette taxes in a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246321
Author(s):  
Dorie E. Apollonio ◽  
Lauren M. Dutra ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Reduced Risk

Cigarette smoking patterns vary within the population, with some individuals remaining never smokers, some remaining occasional users, and others progressing to daily use or quitting. There is little research on how population-level tobacco control policy interventions affect individuals within different smoking trajectories. We identified associations between tobacco control policy interventions and changes across different smoking trajectories among adolescents and young adults. Using 15 annual waves of data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we applied a group-based trajectory model to identify associations between days smoked per month, comprehensive smoke-free laws, cigarette tax rates, and known socio-demographic risk factors for membership in different smoking trajectories. Comprehensive smoke-free laws were associated with reduced risk of initiation and reductions in days smoked per month for all trajectories other than occasional users. Higher tax rates were associated with reduced risk of initiation and days smoked for all trajectories other than established users. Overall, population-based tobacco control policies, particularly comprehensive smoke-free laws, were associated with reduced smoking. Tobacco taxes primarily reduced risk of initiation and use among never smokers, experimenters, and quitters, consistent with previous research suggesting that tobacco manufacturers lower prices after tax increases to reduce the cost of continued smoking for established users. These results provide support for expanding smoke-free laws and establishing a minimum tobacco floor price, which could improve public health by reducing the risk of initiation as well as use among occasional and established smokers.

scholarly journals ENDS - a growing threat: results from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey EPOCHA-RF

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Gambaryan ◽  
A M Kalinina ◽  
M V Popovich ◽  
M L Starovoytov ◽  
O M Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Abstract Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) including heated tobacco products not yet legally regulated are more and more imposed over the Russian population. Still very little is known about these products. Aim To assess the exposure of Russian population to advertisement, promotion, of ENDS, and its attitudes and beliefs regarding these products. Methods Data from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey (2017-2018) are analysed which used a systematic stratified multistage random sampling based on territorial household principle, representing the adult population (18+) of Russia in 10 Federal subjects. 20380 randomly selected respondents were interviewed and a stratified sample (n = 11625) of smokers (n = 6569), former smokers (n = 2377) and never smokers (n = 2679) participated in the survey. Results In past 6 months 15.7% of the respondents were exposed to promotion of ENDS via internet, 14%-via social networks and 13.4% at the points of sale. Remarkably the youngest age group (18-24) was significantly more exposed to advertisement and promotion of ENDS from all sources than the rest of age groups: 32.6%, 32.3% and 24.3% respectively (p<.0001). 48% of respondents believe that secondhand vape of e-cigarettes is harmful for health of people, with significant differences among current smokers (40%), recent quitters (53%), former smokers (60%) and never smokers (66%). Majority agreed that it is necessary to regulate allowed amounts of nicotine in e-liquids (54%), to ban vaping in public places where tobacco smoking is banned (59.2%), ban the sales of these products to minors (68%), and the use of e-cigarettes by those (71.2%). 61.5% support the need for ban of all forms of advertisement, marketing and promotion of ENDS. Conclusions ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy achievements. The findings will be used to support new strong legislation to regulate ENDS in Russia. Key messages Young people much more than the others are targeted with advertisement and promotion of ENDS. ENDS present a real threat for Russian tobacco control policy and should be legally regulated like any tobacco products.

scholarly journals Social climate on tobacco control in an advanced tobacco control country

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Ruokolainen ◽  
Hanna Ollila ◽  
Kristiina Patja ◽  
Katja Borodulin ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Smoking Bans ◽  
Workplace Smoking ◽  
Future Policy

Aims: Finland has implemented a gradually tightening tobacco control policy for decades. Recently the objective of a tobacco-free Finland was introduced. Still, the population’s acceptance of tobacco control policy has not been measured. More knowledge is needed on differences in attitudes and factors associated with tobacco control opinions for future policy-making. Methods: A population-based study with quantitative analysis. Attitudes on smoking and tobacco control policy were assessed within the National FINRISK 2012 Study in Finland involving 25–74-year-old adults ( N = 4905). In analyses, smoking status groups were compared. Results: In general, attitudes differed systematically by smoking status. Differences increased or decreased when moving from never smokers to other smoking groups. Similarities in attitudes were found particularly on youth smoking, while differences between smoking groups were notable on statements regarding smoking on balconies and availability of tobacco products. The adjusted analysis showed that smoking status was most strongly associated with attitudes on different tobacco control policy measures. Daily smokers viewed stricter tobacco control policy and workplace smoking bans more negatively than others, though they viewed societal support for quitters and sufficiency of tobacco control policy more positively compared with others. Differences were vast compared with non-smokers, but also occasional smokers differed from daily smokers. Conclusions: Tightening tobacco control and workplace smoking bans were supported by the Finnish adult population, but societal support for quitters to a lesser extent. Attitude change, where smokers are seen as deserving help to quit smoking, is important.

scholarly journals Who does use ENDS in Russia? Results from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey EPOCHA-RF

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Gambaryan ◽  
A M Kalinina ◽  
M V Popovich ◽  
M L Starovoytov ◽  
O M Drapkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Evaluation Survey

Abstract Background Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) become popular in Russia. Still little is known about use of these products. Aim To assess patterns of active and passive exposure to ENDS in Russian population. Methods Data from Russian tobacco control policy evaluation survey (2017-2018) are analysed, conducted on the basis of multistage territorial random sample of 11625 respondents: 6569 smokers, 2377 former smokers and 2679 never smokers 18years and older in 10 Russian Federal subjects. Results 38.8% of the respondents were familiar with ENDS, with the highest proportion in the youngest age group (18-24): 53.8%(p<.0001). 9.3%had tried ENDS, among 18-24 years old - those were 23.5%(p<.0001). The amount was significantly higher among recent quitters (in last 3years)-17.2%, and current smokers-13% compared with former (quitters for more than 3years) and never smokers. Of those 26.4% used ENDS regularly-with highest proportion among 18-24years old (29.1%), and current smokers (27.1%). This comprises 2.5% of respondents as regular ENDS users, and 6.8%-among the youngest group. Half of the smokers had tried to quit by means of ENDS, of those 69% failed to quit smoking, and 79% could neither give up smoking nor ENDS. However, only 18% ENDS users agreed that e-cigarettes cause addiction, and 37% even denied the fact. Those were mostly the youngest respondents (45%). Vaping was not allowed at homes of 67.4%respondents, at workplaces-of 65.6%. 14% of respondents had witnessed vaping at workplaces, 55.8% in public places, 20.3% cafes, restaurants and bars. 51.4% had been exposed to secondhand aerosols of ENDS and 73.2%-among 18-24years olds. 37%found exposure to the aerosols annoying, with significant differences between never/former smokers (58% and 50.3%) and recent quitters and current smokers (39.3% and 29.2%). Conclusions Young people are mostly exposed to ENDS in Russia. Strong legislation should be considered to regulate ENDS and protect people from their exposure. Key messages Electronic cigarettes are mostly prevalent among the youngest age groups, current smokers and recent quitters in Russia. ENDS do not help smokers to quit: vast majority of smokers who used ENDS for this purpose failed to give up both smoking and electronic cigarettes.

scholarly journals Advancing racial equity and social justice for Black communities in US tobacco control policy

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056704
Author(s):  
Sam N Cwalina ◽  
Ugonna Ihenacho ◽  
Joshua Barker ◽  
Sabrina L Smiley ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Product Review ◽  
Systemic Racism

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) applies the Population Health Standard in tobacco product review processes by weighing anticipated health benefits against risks associated with a given commercial tobacco product at the population level. However, systemic racism (ie, discriminatory policies and practices) contributes to an inequitable distribution of tobacco-related health benefits and risks between white and Black/African Americans at the population level. Therefore, Black-centered, antiracist data standards for tobacco product review processes are needed to achieve racial equity and social justice in US tobacco control policy. Regardless of whether FDA implements such data standards, non-industry tobacco scientists should prioritise producing and disseminating Black-centred data relevant to FDA’s regulatory authority. We describe how systemic racism contributes to disparities in tobacco-related outcomes and why these disparities are relevant for population-level risk assessments, then discuss four possible options for Black-centred data standards relevant to tobacco product review processes.

The Ethics of e-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Global Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Cristian I. Meghea ◽  
◽  
Oana Blaga ◽  
Marina Dascal ◽  
Teodora Fratila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions

"Tobacco smoking is especially harmful for women because, in addition to its effects on mortality and morbidity, it negatively impacts pregnancy, reproductive, and health of the offspring. Data from our work in Romania revealed that pregnant tobacco smokers are seeking information and clinical advice related to e-cigarette use as a tobacco cessation approach. E-cigarette use increased rapidly in the recent years in the US and in other countries, including LMICs. The tobacco control field is deeply divided on how to respond to the increase in e-cigarette use. Additional evidence on the ethical issues related to e-cigarette use and tobacco cessation will inform our mHealth and other pregnancy tobacco cessation interventions and will guide future tobacco control policy direction. The objective of this study is to identify ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarette use for tobacco cessation during pregnancy among pregnant smokers, their life partners, medical professionals, and other stakeholders. We will interview (N=20) and conduct two focus groups with women who smoke (one focus group, N=10) and women who quit during pregnancy (one focus group, N=10); interview life partners (N=10) of such women; interview ObGyn physicians (N=10) and nurses (N=10); and interview (N=10) and conduct one focus group (N=10) with perinatal educators. Other relevant stakeholders will be also interviewed including the leadership of 2035 Tobacco Free Romania, the national Stop Smoking program, the Pure Air consortium, the Romanian Pneumology Society, the SAMAS NGO focused on maternal and child health and rights, and others. With respect to expected outcomes, the proposed application is anticipated to advance understanding of the smokers’ and other stakeholders’ ethical concerns and associated attitudes and perceptions related to e-cigarettes use for tobacco smoking cessation. The in-depth new knowledge will have a positive impact on the cessation of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoking and will inform future tobacco control policy directions. Results will be available and will be presented at the time of the conference. This work is based on research partly funded through six NIH-funded projects (grant no. K01TW009654, R21TW010896, 5R21TW010896-02S1, 5R21TW010896-02S2, 1R21HD103039-0, 1R25TW010518-01A1). "

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