Recent, national trends in US adolescent use of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056970
Author(s):  
Richard A Miech ◽  
Adam M Leventhal ◽  
Lloyd D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
National Trends

ObjectiveIn light of the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposal to ban menthol cigarettes, this study updates trends in menthol cigarette use among adolescents age 13–18 years up to the year 2020. The study considers a potential role for the ban to reduce black/non-black disparities in menthol cigarette use, as well as a counterargument that a ban is not necessary because menthol use is already diminishing.MethodsData are from annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys of 85 547 8th, 10th and 12th grade students surveyed between 2012 and 2020. Analyses include trends in past 30-day menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking among the total adolescent population, as well as stratified by race/ethnicity.ResultsDeclines in adolescent menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking continued through 2020 so that in 2018–2020 past 30-day prevalence for each was less than 1% for non-Hispanic black adolescents and less than 2.2% for non-black adolescents. For non-Hispanic black adolescents no smoking declines in mentholated or non-mentholated cigarette use from 2015–2017 to 2018–2020 were statistically significant, in part because prevalence levels approached a floor effect and had little room to fall further. Menthol levels were lower for non-Hispanic black versus all other adolescents in all study years.ConclusionsContinuing declines in adolescent menthol prevalence indicate that both menthol prevalence and also black/non-black disparities in its use are steadily decreasing. However, these decreases in adolescence will take decades to reach later ages through generational replacement. Efforts to accelerate menthol decreases will require new initiatives to increase cessation among adult menthol users.

scholarly journals The profile of menthol cigarette smokers in the months following the removal of these products from the market in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Kock ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ilze Bogdanovica ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Cigarette Dependence ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: In May 2020 the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes was implemented after a four-year transitional period. This study examined the prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking in the months following the ban, and according to sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.Methods: Cross-sectional data came from a representative survey of current smokers (18+) in England (unweighted n=1,577) during seven months (July-January) in 2020/2021. The weighted prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking as a proportion of total cigarette smoking was calculated, and chi-squared statistics assessed the relationship between menthol smoking, sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Sources of purchase of menthol cigarettes were also explored.Results: The proportion of current smokers who smoked menthol cigarettes was similar in July to October 2020 (17.5%, 95% CI 15.3%-20.1%) compared with November 2020 to January 2021 (16.3%, 95% CI 13.9%-19.2%) (χ2(1)=0.38, P=0.56)). Menthol cigarette smoking was more common among younger age groups (16-24 = 29.0%; 25-34 = 23.3%) and women (21.1%). Menthol cigarette smokers showed lower cigarette dependence compared with other cigarette smokers. Purchases of menthol cigarettes from any illicit source in the past six months declined from 34.5% in July-October 2020 to 19.0% in November 2020–January 2021.Conclusions: A substantial proportion (just under a fifth) of current smokers in England reported menthol cigarette smoking between July-January 2020/2021 despite the ban. There was no decline in this proportion across the period, suggesting that smokers mitigated the impact of the ban by a variety of means, such as with legal menthol accessories.

scholarly journals The profile of menthol cigarette smokers in the months following the removal of these products from the market: a cross-sectional population survey in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Kock ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ilze Bogdanovica ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Cigarette Dependence

Abstract IntroductionIn May 2020 the EU Tobacco Products Directive ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes was implemented in England. This study examined the prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking after the ban, according to sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional data came from a representative survey of current smokers (18+) in England (unweighted n = 2,681) between July/2020 and June/2021. The weighted prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking as a proportion of total cigarette smoking was calculated, log-binomial regression explored trends over time, and chi-squared statistics assessed the relationship between menthol smoking, sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Sources of purchase of menthol cigarettes were explored.ResultsBetween July 2020 and June 2021, 15.7% (95%CI 14.5–17.1) of smokers reported smoking menthol cigarettes. The fitted non-linear trend supported no initial change followed by a possible reduction across April-June 2021 and fit the data better than linear and null (no change) models (χ2(2) = 2519.7, P = 0.06; χ2(3) = 2519.7, P = 0.006). Menthol cigarette smoking was more common among younger groups (16–24 = 25.2%; 25–34 = 19.9%) and women (19.4%). Menthol cigarette smokers showed lower cigarette dependence compared with other smokers. Past six-month purchases of menthol cigarettes from any illicit source declined from 30.1% in the last 6 months of 2020 to 17.5% in the first 6 months of 2021.ConclusionsA substantial minority of current smokers in England reported menthol cigarette smoking between July/2020 and June/2021, despite the ban, possibly reflecting mitigation of restrictions by a variety of licit means, such as legal menthol accessories. The reduction in menthol smoking across April-June 2021 warrants further monitoring.

scholarly journals Adolescent Cannabis Users Who Have Never Smoked A Combustible Cigarette: Trends and Level of Addictive Drug Use from 1976 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Miech
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Addictive Drugs ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Addictive Drug

Abstract Background. Adolescents cannabis users are at a substantially elevated risk for use of highly addictive drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Unknown is whether this elevated risk applies to adolescent cannabis users who have never smoked a combustible cigarette, a group that has grown considerably in size in recent years. This study documents the recent growth in the proportion of adolescent cannabis users who abstain from combustible cigarette use, and examines their probability for use of addictive drugs. Methods. Data are annual, cross-sectional, nationally-representative Monitoring the Future surveys of 607,932 U.S. 12th grade students from 1976-2020. Results. Among ever cannabis users, the percentage who had never smoked a combustible cigarette grew from 11% in 2000 to 58% in 2020. This group had levels of addictive drug use that were 8% higher than their peers. In comparison, adolescents who had ever used cannabis – regardless of whether they had ever smoked a cigarette – had levels of addictive drug use 500% higher than their peers.Conclusions. Adolescent cannabis users who have not smoked a combustible cigarette have much lower levels of addictive drug use than the group of cannabis users as a whole. These results suggest policies and laws aimed at reducing adolescent prevalence of addictive drugs may do better to focus on cigarette use of adolescent cannabis users rather than cannabis use per se.

scholarly journals Profile of menthol cigarette smokers in the months following the removal of these products from the market: a cross-sectional population survey in England

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-057005
Author(s):  
Loren Kock ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Ilze Bogdanovica ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Cigarette Dependence

IntroductionIn May 2020, the EU Tobacco Products Directive ban on the sale of menthol cigarettes was implemented in England. This study examined the prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking after the ban, according to sociodemographic and smoking characteristics.MethodsCross-sectional data came from a representative survey of current smokers (18+) in England (unweighted n=2681) between July 2020 and June 2021. The weighted prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking as a proportion of total cigarette smoking was calculated, log-binomial regression explored trends over time, and χ2 statistics assessed the relationship between menthol smoking, sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. Sources of purchase of menthol cigarettes were explored.ResultsBetween July 2020 and June 2021, 15.7% (95% CI 14.5 to 17.1) of smokers reported smoking menthol cigarettes. The fitted non-linear trend supported no initial change followed by a possible reduction across April–June 2021 and fit the data better than linear and null (no change) models (χ2(2)=2519.7, p=0.06; χ2(3)=2519.7, p=0.006). Menthol cigarette smoking was more common among younger groups (16–24=25.2%; 25–34=19.9%) and women (19.4%). Menthol cigarette smokers showed lower cigarette dependence compared with other smokers. Past-6-month purchases of menthol cigarettes from any illicit or cross-border source declined from 30.1% in the last 6 months of 2020 to 17.5% in the first 6 months of 2021.ConclusionsA substantial minority of current smokers in England reported menthol cigarette smoking between July 2020 and June 2021, despite the ban, possibly reflecting mitigation of restrictions by a variety of licit means, such as legal menthol accessories. The reduction in menthol smoking across April–June 2021 warrants further monitoring.

E-Cigarettes and National Adolescent Cigarette Use: 2004—2014

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Dutra ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Nationally Representative

BACKGROUND E-cigarette use is rapidly increasing among adolescents in the United States, abstract with some suggesting that e-cigarettes are the cause of declining youth cigarette smoking. We hypothesized that the decline in youth smoking changed after e-cigarettes arrived on the US market in 2007. METHODS Data were collected by using cross-sectional, nationally representative school-based samples of sixth- through 12th-graders from 2004–2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (samples ranged from 16 614 in 2013 to 25 324 in 2004). Analyses were conducted by using interrupted time series of ever (≥1 puff) and current (last 30 days) cigarette smoking. Logistic regression was used to identify psychosocial risk factors associated with cigarette smoking in the 2004–2009 samples; this model was then applied to estimate the probability of cigarette smoking among cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users in the 2011–2014 samples. RESULTS Youth cigarette smoking decreased linearly between 2004 and 2014 (P = .009 for ever smoking and P = .05 for current smoking), with no significant change in this trend after 2009 (P = .57 and .23). Based on the psychosocial model of smoking, including demographic characteristics, willingness to wear clothing with a tobacco logo, living with a smoker, likelihood of smoking in the next year, likelihood of smoking cigarettes from a friend, and use of tobacco products other than cigarettes or e-cigarettes, the model categorized <25% of current e-cigarette–only users (between 11.0% in 2012 and 23.1% in 2013) as current smokers. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of e-cigarettes was not associated with a change in the linear decline in cigarette smoking among youth. E-cigarette–only users would be unlikely to have initiated tobacco product use with cigarettes.

scholarly journals The great decline in adolescent cigarette smoking since 2000: consequences for drug use among US adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Miech ◽  
Katherine M Keyes ◽  
Patrick M O'Malley ◽  
Lloyd D Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Great Decline ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveAdolescent cigarette smoking declined steadily and substantially from 2000 to 2018. This paper considers the potential consequences of this ‘great decline’ for the prevalence of other drug use among adolescents.MethodsData are annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative Monitoring the Future surveys of more than 1.2 million US students in 12th, 10th and 8th grades from 2000 to 2018. Analyses include trends in the past 12 months’ non-medical amphetamine, tranquillisers and opioid use overall, among ever and never cigarette smokers, and projected if adolescent cigarette smoking levels had remained at 2000 levels.ResultsWithin groups of ever and never cigarette smokers, the prevalence for each of the three substances has either changed little or overall increased in 2018 as compared with 2000. When the two groups were combined into one pool, the overall prevalence for each of the drugs declined by about half. The decline resulted from the growing group of never smokers, whose levels of non-medical drug use over the study period were at least four times lower than the levels of ever smokers.ConclusionsThe results support the ‘gateway’ prediction that declines in cigarette smoking among adolescents pull downward their non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers and opioids. Continuing to reduce adolescent smoking through policy and programmatic prevention efforts should have further positive spillover effects on adolescent drug use.

scholarly journals ENDS Flavor Preference by Menthol Cigarette Smoking Status among US Adults, 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Brian L. Rostron ◽  
Joanne T. Chang ◽  
Cindy M. Chang ◽  
Rebecca A. Jackson ◽  
Bridget K. Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Flavor Preference ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative

E-cigarette flavor preference may differ among smokers using e-cigarettes, but little information is available on preferences by menthol cigarette status. Using nationally representative data for US adults from the 2018–2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we analyzed e-cigarette flavor preference by menthol cigarette status and e-cigarette device type for dual-cigarette and e-cigarette users and e-cigarette users who had recently quit smoking by trying to switch to e-cigarettes (“switchers”). Approximately half (52.2%) of dual users of menthol cigarettes and e-cigarettes reported using menthol/mint-flavored e-cigarettes as did 41.4% of “switchers” who had smoked menthol cigarettes; exclusive menthol/mint flavor use was 13.1% for dual users and 21.3% for “switchers.” A similar proportion (45.1%) of dual users who smoked nonmenthol cigarettes used tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, but only 26.7% of “switchers” who had smoked nonmenthol cigarettes used tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes. Approximately 60% of dual users and “switchers” used fruit/other flavors, regardless of menthol cigarette use. By device type, 63.9% of dual users of cartridge-based e-cigarettes and menthol cigarettes used menthol/mint-flavored e-cigarettes. Approximately 75% of dual users and 85% of “switchers” who used tank or mod systems used fruit/other flavors. Menthol cigarette smokers may be particularly likely to use menthol/mint e-cigarettes, and a majority of dual users and “switchers” used fruit/other flavors. These results can inform policy measures concerning flavored electronic nicotine delivery system products.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7781
Author(s):  
Akash Patel ◽  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Steven Cook ◽  
Bukola Usidame ◽  
Ritesh Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Nationally Representative

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15–17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) (2013–2017) to better understand current cigarette (by menthol flavoring) and ENDS use in the US. We calculated weighted population prevalence estimates across years for multiple patterns of current cigarette and ENDS use (i.e., exclusive menthol cigarette, exclusive non-menthol cigarette, exclusive ENDS, dual ENDS and menthol cigarette, and dual ENDS and non-menthol cigarette) by sex, race/ethnicity, parental education level, household income, and homeownership. Overall, both exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette use declined from 2013–2017. Exclusive ENDS use increased, particularly among youth who were non-Hispanic White or had a higher socioeconomic status (measured by parental education, household income, and homeownership). Dual use of ENDS with either menthol or non-menthol cigarettes did not change significantly. Monitoring changes in these sociodemographic patterns will help inform future youth tobacco prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in the Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking among U.S. Adolescents: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–4

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Zongshuan Duan ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jidong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prospective Association

E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U.S. adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents using e-cigarettes are at elevated risk for initiating cigarette smoking. However, whether this risk may differ by sex remains unknown. This study analyzed data from Wave 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were performed to estimate the associations between baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and other tobacco use. Effect modifications by sex were examined. Multivariate analyses showed that, among baseline never cigarette smokers, past-30-day e-cigarette use at baseline waves was significantly associated with past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up waves (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.51–6.08). This association was significantly stronger for boys (aOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.43–15.68) than for girls (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.14–8.33). Additionally, using other tobacco products, older age, and having severe externalizing mental health problems at baseline were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking at follow-up. The prospective association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking differs by sex among U.S. adolescents. Sex-specific tobacco control interventions may be warranted to curb the youth tobacco use epidemic.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand: results of two cross-sectional surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041705
Author(s):  
Ben Wamamili ◽  
Sheleigh Lawler ◽  
Mark Wallace-Bell ◽  
Coral Gartner ◽  
David Sellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Spaces ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesExamine the patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping), the perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco cigarettes, and associations between smoking and vaping with student characteristics.DesignCross-sectional studies.SettingThe University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and eight New Zealand (NZ) universities.ParticipantsStudents at UQ: 4957 (70.8% aged <25 years, 63.0% women) and NZ: 1854 (82.5% aged <25 years, 60.1% women).MethodsΧ2 tests compared smoking by age and gender, and vaping by age, gender and smoking status. Two-sided p<0.05 was considered significant and 95% CIs reported where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking and vaping (exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping, dual use and non-use) with age, gender and student type (domestic vs international).ResultsSmoking (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 45.2% (43.8% to 46.6%) vs 50.0% (47.7% to 52.3%), current 8.9% (8.1% to 9.7%) vs 10.4% (9.1% to 11.9%) and daily 5.2% (4.6% to 5.8%) vs 5.6% (4.6% to 6.7%), and not smoking in indoor 98.3% vs 87.7% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 83.8% vs 65.3%.Vaping (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 20.9% (19.8% to 22.1%) vs 37.6% (35.4% to 39.9%), current 1.8% (1.5% to 2.2%) vs 6.5% (5.4% to 7.7%) and daily 0.7% (0.5% to 1.0%) vs 2.5% (1.9% to 3.4%), and not vaping in indoor 91.4% vs 79.6% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 84.4% vs 71.3%. Of respondents, 71.7% (70.3% to 73.2%) vs 75.3% (72.9% to 77.6%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.Men were more likely than women to smoke and vape, and to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful. Regression models containing all predictors for smoking and vaping were significant and the effect of gender was significant for dual use, exclusive smoking and exclusive vaping (all p<0.01). Men had higher odds for smoking, vaping or dual use.ConclusionsResults suggest significant differences in patterns of smoking and vaping of university students in Australia and NZ, and a strong influence of gender on smoking and vaping.

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