scholarly journals Assessment of hepatitis and fibrosis using Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI in dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000371
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Hidetaka Nishida ◽  
Keiichiro Mie ◽  
Hiroki Yamazaki ◽  
Lee-Shuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Relative Contrast ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia

BackgroundGadoxetate sodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is taken into hepatocytes and excreted into the bile. Hepatocytes with reduced function or dysfunction due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatitis or hepatic fibrosis show impaired Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake. The purpose of the present retrospective case series was to assess the relationship between liver function and contrast enhancement using Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI.MethodsSixteen dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease, including six with HCC, three with nodular hyperplasia, two with hepatocellular adenoma, two with liver fibrosis and three with hepatitis were included in the study along with three dogs with suspected liver disease but no histopathological diagnosis of liver disease. Relative signal intensities (RSI) of the common bile duct and gall bladder were calculated, and their relationship with the following serum biochemical parameters was assessed: total bilirubin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and albumin (Alb). To assess anatomical liver function, relative contrast enhancement indices (RCEI) of the liver were calculated, and differences were assessed between normal and diseased liver.ResultsRSI showed no significant differences between dogs without and with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease (P=0.88) although they were significantly correlated with Alb (ρ=0.57, P=0.02) in dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of liver disease. RCEI was significantly higher in normal liver tissue than that in livers with hepatitis/fibrosis (P=0.048) and HCC (P=0.03) but not nodular hyperplasia/hepatocellular adenoma (P=0.51).ConclusionsGd-EOB-DTPA MRI may be potentially useful in the assessment of anatomical liver function in dogs with liver disease.

scholarly journals Hyperferritinemia in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaelle K Barros ◽  
Helma Pinchemel Cotrim ◽  
Carla H Daltro ◽  
Yanaihara A Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Summary Objective: In liver diseases, hyperferritinemia (HYF) is related to injured cells in acquired and genetic conditions with or without iron overload. It is frequent in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which it is necessary to define the mean of HYF to establish the better approach for them. The present study evaluated the significance of elevated ferritin in patients with NAFLD and steatohepatitis (NASH). Method: The review was performed using search instruments of indexed scientific material, including MEDLINE (by PubMed), Web of Science, IBECS and LILACS, to identify articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, from 2005 to May, 2016. Studies eligible included place and year of publication, diagnose criteria to NAFLD, specifications of serum ferritin measurements and/or liver histopathologic study. Exclusion criteria included studies with patients with alcohol consumption ≥ 20 g/day and other liver diseases. Results: A total of 11 from 30 articles were selected. It included 3,564 patients and they were cross-sectional, retrospective, case series and case-control. The result's analyses showed in 10 of these studies a relationship between ferritin elevated serum levels and NAFLD/NASH with and without fibrosis and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Hyperferritinemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH is associated more frequently with hepatocellular injury than hemochromatosis. These data suggest the relevance to evaluate carefully HYF in patients with NAFLD/NASH to establish appropriate clinical approach.

Hepatitis C infection among survivors of childhood cancer

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 3065-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald K. Strickland ◽  
Caroline A. Riely ◽  
Christian C. Patrick ◽  
Dana Jones-Wallace ◽  
James M. Boyett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

Abstract Preliminary reports have suggested that survivors of childhood cancer and aplastic anemia who are infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a low risk for progression to significant liver disease. Among our surviving patients who were transfused between 1961 and March 1992, 77 (6.6% of surviving patients tested thus far) have evidence of HCV infection, whereas 4 surviving patients who were transfused after March 1992 are HCV-infected. One patient chronically infected with HCV died of liver failure, and 2 patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma. To characterize the risk for these and other complications, 65 patients are enrolled in a longitudinal study of HCV infection, of whom 58 (89.2%) had circulating HCV RNA at the time of protocol enrollment, with genotypes 1A and 1B most commonly isolated. Most enrolled patients have few or no symptoms, carry out normal activities, and have normal liver function. To date, 35 patients have undergone liver biopsy for abnormal liver function since the diagnosis of primary malignancy; central pathology review shows 28 (80%) have chronic active hepatitis, 25 (71%) have fibrosis, and 3 (9%) have cirrhosis. These preliminary data suggest that though most survivors of childhood cancer who are infected with HCV are clinically well, some are at risk for clinically significant liver disease. Identification of other HCV-infected patients and prospective monitoring of this cohort are ongoing to determine the risk for, and to identify factors associated with the progression of, liver disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chunggan Plus Extract in Improving Liver Function : A Retrospective Case Series of Eight Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-551
Author(s):  
Ga-young Lee ◽  
Chan-ran Park ◽  
Jung-hyo Cho ◽  
Chang-gue Son ◽  
Nam-hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Retrospective Case Series

scholarly journals Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh A Alqahtani ◽  
Jörn M Schattenberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatobiliary Complications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Work Up

Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience various degrees of liver function abnormalities. Liver injury requires extensive work-up and continuous surveillance and can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature. In the context of COVID-19, clinicians will have to determine whether liver injury is related to an underlying liver disease, drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19, direct effect of the virus, or a complicated disease course. Recent studies proposed several theories on potential mechanisms of liver injury in these patients. This review summarizes current evidence related to hepatobiliary complications in COVID-19, provides an overview of the available case series and critically elucidates the proposed mechanisms and provides recommendations for clinicians.

Management of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia and Hepatocellular Adenoma

Swiss Surgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mentha ◽  
Rubbia-Brandt ◽  
Howarth ◽  
Majno ◽  
Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia

Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia are two benign hepatic tumors which are mainly detected in healthy young women. Hepatocellular adenoma is an indication for surgery due to the risk of haemorrhage and malignant transformation. By contrast, focal nodular hyperplasia should be managed conservatively. However, precise diagnosis of these benign liver tumors remains difficult and sometimes impossible, despite new imaging techniques. Because of the risk of diagnostic error, resection or large biopsies of presumed liver tumors should be performed in young women (and a fortiori in men and older patients in whom focal nodular hyperplasia is less prevalent) when the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia is not firmly established. The risk of liver surgery in young patients with normal liver parenchyma is, in the opinion of the authors, lower than the risk of a mistaken diagnosis.

How to interpret and manage abnormal liver blood test results in older people

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohsan Subhani ◽  
Abhishek Sheth ◽  
Bilal Ahmad ◽  
Stephen Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Population ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Common Observation

Ageing impairs liver function and reduces the liver's regenerative capacity. With the predicted increase in the older population, the burden of liver disease will proportionally rise in this age group. Elevated levels of liver enzymes in an otherwise asymptomatic older individual (≥65 years) are a common observation and positively associated with the metabolic syndrome, whereas a decline in albumin levels is linked with a rise in all-cause and liver-specific mortality. Deranged liver function tests do not always indicate liver disease, nor do normal liver function tests exclude liver disease. Therefore, clinicians need to consider individual patient risk factors during the assessment of abnormal liver function tests. This article discusses various liver function tests, their pathophysiology, and the approach to interpret and manage common abnormalities in liver function test results and liver disease in the older population.

Breed and anatomical predisposition for canine cutaneous neoplasia in South Africa during 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (7) ◽  
pp. 218-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Tompkins ◽  
Geoffrey T Fosgate ◽  
June Williams ◽  
Sarah Clift
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Log Linear

Cutaneous neoplasia occurs commonly in dogs and owners in consultation with their veterinarian must decide when to perform surgery to obtain a histopathological diagnosis. The objective of this study was to identify breed predispositions for canine cutaneous neoplasms and determine factors associated with malignancy. This retrospective case-series evaluated histopathology reports from two veterinary pathology laboratories in South Africa during a six-month study period. Breed predispositions were analysed using log-linear models and risk factors for malignancy were evaluated using binary logistic regression. Data were available for 2553 cutaneous neoplasms from 2271 dogs. The most frequent neoplasms were mast cell tumours (21.1per cent), histiocytoma (9.4per cent), haemangiosarcoma (8.3per cent), melanocytoma (5.8per cent) and lipoma (5.1per cent). Boxers (relative proportion (RP)=38.9; 95% CI 2.3 to 646), pugs (7.6; 1.4 to 41.0), Staffordshire bull terriers (7.0; 1.9 to 26.3), boerboels (3.8; 1.3 to 10.7), Labrador retrievers (2.7; 1.0 to 7.0) and mixed breed dogs (2.2; 1.1 to 4.4) had a higher frequency of mast cell tumours. Jack Russell terriers (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.8 to 3.5), Rottweilers (2.3; 1.3 to 3.9), pit bull terriers (2.2; 1.1 to 4.3) and Staffordshire bull terriers (1.6; 1.0 to 2.6) were more likely to have malignant neoplasms. Dog signalment might facilitate prognosis determination for cutaneous canine neoplasia before receiving a histopathological diagnosis.

scholarly journals The use of a single pass albumin dialysis for the management of liver failure- a case series

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-27
Author(s):  
Tijana Azasevac ◽  
Violeta Knezevic ◽  
Dejan Celic ◽  
Bojana Ljubicic ◽  
Tanja Lakic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Albumin Dialysis ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Liver Support ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Extracorporeal Liver Support

Intoduction. A single pass albumin dialysis (SPAD) is a form of extracorporeal liver support system for the removal of albumin-bound toxins and water-soluble substances that accumulate in liver failure (LF). Case report. We present a retrospective case series of three patients hospitalized for LF and treated using the SPAD in the Clinical Center of Vojvodina, between 2018 and 2019. Of whom, two patients presenting with acute liver failure and one with acute-on-chronic liver failure. A total of 6 SPAD sessions were performed in each patient, resulting in decreased serum bilirubin and bile acid levels, and hepatic encephalopathy grade. On discharge from the hospital, liver function has been shown to improve in all the patients. Conclusion. SPAD removes the hepatotoxic substances without improvement of synthetic liver function, providing a supportive treatment for LF patients that do not respond to standard of care offering longer time for bridging to organ transplantation or spontaneous recovery of the liver function.

scholarly journals A Case Series on Suspected Remdesivir Induced Hyperammonemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Sagar R. Bhimani ◽  
Sapna B. Gupta ◽  
Kamlesh P. Patel ◽  
Supriya D. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Normal Liver Function ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), Remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Remdesivir has shown promise in the management of patients with COVID-19 although recent studies have shown concerns with its effectiveness and safety in practice. Despite this there is a need to document potential Adverse drug Reaction (ADR) to guide future decisions. We describe 2 cases of Suspected Remdesivir-induced hyperammonemia (SRIH) in patients with normal liver function. Serum ammonia levels was raised much above the baseline after a fortnight of therapy. After completion of the therapy, there was gradual improvement and normalization of serum ammonia levels. This suggested a causal relationship which was possibly due to the administration of Remdesivir drug. With the increasing use, physicians should be aware of this potential ADR of Remdesivir and evaluate ammonia levels in patients taking Remdesivir who present with alterations in mental status.

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