scholarly journals Comparison of veterinary drugs and veterinary homeopathy: part 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lees ◽  
L. Pelligand ◽  
M. Whiting ◽  
D. Chambers ◽  
P-L. Toutain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Clinical Trial Results

Part 2 of this narrative review outlines the theoretical and practical bases for assessing the efficacy and effectiveness of conventional medicines and homeopathic products. Known and postulated mechanisms of action are critically reviewed. The evidence for clinical efficacy of products in both categories, in the form of practitioner experience, meta-analysis and systematic reviews of clinical trial results, is discussed. The review also addresses problems and pitfalls in assessing data, and the ethical and negative aspects of pharmacology and homeopathy in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine in Patients with COVID-19: An Umbrella Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavous Shahsavarinia ◽  
Morteza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Sarvin Sanaie ◽  
Leila Vahedi ◽  
Mahta Ahmadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background Many of the known coronaviruses cause a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, and the novel coronavirus is no exception to this rule. Although no drug has yet been discovered to prevent or treat this disease, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been widely used in studies showing different results. Methods The present study is an umbrella study. The search was conducted for the articles published from January 2020 to November 2020 using the keywords ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "Hydroxychloroquine" OR "Chloroquine" AND "Systematic Review" OR "Metanalysis"). This study was limited to human samples and systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. The quality of the articles was also evaluated independently by two researchers. Results To evaluate the clinical efficacy of HCQ and CQ, a total of 176 papers and 643569 cases ranging from patients with mild pneumonia to intubated critically ill patients were evaluated. Finally, 8 studies were included. Conclusion There are conflicting results regarding HCQ or CQ efficacy and safety in the systematic reviews. More evidence is needed to confirm whether these drugs are useful in COVID-19 infection, and their usage as the standard care cannot be recommended based on the majority of the studies included in this umbrella review.

scholarly journals Population Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy Exposure-response Analysis, and Model-based Meta-analysis of Fenebrutinib in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Chan ◽  
Jiajie Yu ◽  
Leslie Chinn ◽  
Marita Prohn ◽  
Jan Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Phase 2 Clinical Trial

Abstract Purpose Fenebrutinib (GDC-0853), a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was investigated in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to apply a model-informed drug development (MIDD) approach to examine the totality of available clinical efficacy data. Methods Population pharmacokinetics (popPK) modeling, exposure-response (E-R) analysis, and model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) of fenebrutinib were performed based on the Phase 2 data. Results PopPK of fenebrutinib after oral administration was described using a 3-compartment model with linear elimination and a flexible absorption transit compartment model. Healthy subjects had a 52% higher apparent clearance than patients. E-R analyses based on longitudinal ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 and DAS28 (CRP) data modeled fenebrutinib effect with an Emax function, and an efficacy plateau was achieved within the exposure range obtained in the Phase 2 clinical trial. Based on literature data, a summary-level clinical efficacy database was constructed, and MBMA determined ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responder rates in the placebo and adalimumab arms of the Phase 2 clinical trial were found to be consistent with historical data for these treatments. Conclusions Our multi-pronged approach applied MIDD to maximize knowledge extraction of efficacy data and enabled robust interpretation from a Phase 2 clinical trial.

Ataluren: Clinical Trial Results in Nonsense Mutation Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (nmDMD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Schara ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
K. Bushby ◽  
M. Tulinius ◽  
R. Finkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Clinical Trial Results
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