Reliability of equine visual lameness classification as a function of expertise, lameness severity and rater confidence

Visual equine lameness assessment is often unreliable, yet the full understanding of this issue is missing. Here, we investigate visual lameness assessment using near-realistic, three-dimensional horse animations presenting with 0–60 per cent movement asymmetry. Animations were scored at an equine veterinary seminar by attendees with various expertise levels. Results showed that years of experience and exposure to a low, medium or high case load had no significant effect on correct assessment of lame (P>0.149) or sound horses (P≥0.412), with the exception of a significant effect of case load exposure on forelimb lameness assessment at 60 per cent asymmetry (P=0.014). The correct classification of sound horses as sound was significantly (P<0.001) higher for forelimb (average 72 per cent correct) than for hindlimb lameness assessment (average 28 per cent correct): participants often saw hindlimb lameness where there was none. For subtle lameness, errors often resulted from not noticing forelimb lameness and from classifying the incorrect limb as lame for hindlimb lameness. Diagnostic accuracy was at or below chance level for some metrics. Rater confidence was not associated with performance. Visual gait assessment may overall be unlikely to reliably differentiate between sound and mildly lame horses irrespective of an assessor’s background.

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Three-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis and the classification of congenital uterine anomalies using the ESHRE/ESGE classification: a diagnostic accuracy study

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-019-05050-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 299 (3) ◽

pp. 779-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Kougioumtsidou ◽

Themistoklis Mikos ◽

Grigoris F. Grimbizis ◽

Aikaterini Karavida ◽

Theodoros D. Theodoridis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy Study ◽

Uterine Anomalies ◽

Accuracy Study

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Phonetic iconicity in the evaluative morphology of a sample of Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian languages

WORD Structure ◽

10.3366/word.2010.0003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 156-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renáta Gregová ◽

Lívia Körtvélyessy ◽

Július Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Sound Symbolism ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Austronesian Languages ◽

Place Of Articulation ◽

European Languages ◽

Phonetic Symbolism ◽

The Individual ◽

Core Vocabulary

Universals Archive (Universal #1926) indicates a universal tendency for sound symbolism in reference to the expression of diminutives and augmentatives. The research ( Štekauer et al. 2009 ) carried out on European languages has not proved the tendency at all. Therefore, our research was extended to cover three language families – Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian. A three-step analysis examining different aspects of phonetic symbolism was carried out on a core vocabulary of 35 lexical items. A research sample was selected out of 60 languages. The evaluative markers were analyzed according to both phonetic classification of vowels and consonants and Ultan's and Niewenhuis' conclusions on the dominance of palatal and post-alveolar consonants in diminutive markers. Finally, the data obtained in our sample languages was evaluated by means of a three-dimensional model illustrating the place of articulation of the individual segments.

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Three-Dimensional Analysis and Classification of Arteries in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipofascial Tissue by Computer Graphics Imaging

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/00006534-199809010-00020 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 748-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Hideo Nakajima ◽

Toshiharu Minabe ◽

Nobuaki Imanishi

Keyword(s):

Computer Graphics ◽

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional

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Ultrasonographic 3D Evaluation in the Diagnosis of Bladder Endometriosis: A Prospective Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000516634 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Fabio Barra ◽

Franco Alessandri ◽

Carolina Scala ◽

Simone Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Ultrasound ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy Study ◽

Extensive Experience ◽

Deep Endometriosis ◽

3D Reconstructions ◽

Analysis Group ◽

Bladder Endometriosis ◽

Accuracy Study

Objective: The use of three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) has been investigated for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis (DE). This study aimed to evaluate if 3D reconstructions improve the performance of TVS) in assessing the presence and characteristics of bladder endometriosis (BE). Design: This was a single-center comparative diagnostic accuracy study. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Patients referred to our institution (Piazza della Vittoria 14 Srl, Genova, Italy) with clinical suspicion of DE were included. In case of surgery, women underwent systematic preoperative ultrasonographic imaging; an experienced sonographer performed a conventional TVS; another experienced sonographer, blinded to results of the previous exam, performed TVS, with the addition of 3D modality. The presence and characteristics of BE nodules were described in accord with International DE Analysis group consensus. Ultrasound data were compared with surgical and histological results. Results: Overall, BE was intraoperatively found in 34 out of 194 women who underwent surgery for DE (17.5%; 95% confidence interval: 12.8–23.5%). TVS without and with 3D reconstructions were able to detect endometriotic BE in 82.2% (n = 28/34) and 85.3% (n = 29/34) of the cases (p = 0.125). Both the exams similarly estimated the largest diameter of BE (p = 0.652) and the distance between the endometriotic nodule and the closest ureteral meatus (p = 0.341). However, TVS with 3D reconstructions was more precise in estimating the volume of BE (p = 0.031). In one case (2.9%), TVS without and with 3D reconstructions detected the infiltration of the intramural ureter, which was confirmed at surgery and required laparoscopic ureterovesical reimplantation. Limitations: The extensive experience of the gynecologists performing the ultrasonographic scans, the lack of prestudy power analysis, and the population selected, which may have been influenced by the position of the institution as a referral center specialized in the treatment of severe endometriosis, are limitations of the current study. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the high accuracy of ultrasound for diagnosing BE. The addition of 3D reconstructions does not improve the performance of TVS in diagnosing the presence and characteristics of BE. However, the volume of BE may be more precisely assessed by 3D ultrasound.

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A computer-based approach for developing linamarase inhibitory agents

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2019-0098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Paul ◽

Celestin N. Mudogo ◽

Kelvin M. Mtei ◽

Revocatus L. Machunda ◽

Fidele Ntie-Kang

Keyword(s):

Structure Elucidation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Data Bank ◽

Competitive Inhibitor ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Full Understanding ◽

The Poor ◽

Computer Based ◽

Inhibitory Agents

AbstractCassava is a strategic crop, especially for developing countries. However, the presence of cyanogenic compounds in cassava products limits the proper nutrients utilization. Due to the poor availability of structure discovery and elucidation in the Protein Data Bank is limiting the full understanding of the enzyme, how to inhibit it and applications in different fields. There is a need to solve the three-dimensional structure (3-D) of linamarase from cassava. The structural elucidation will allow the development of a competitive inhibitor and various industrial applications of the enzyme. The goal of this review is to summarize and present the available 3-D modeling structure of linamarase enzyme using different computational strategies. This approach could help in determining the structure of linamarase and later guide the structure elucidation in silico and experimentally.

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How Can I Grab That?

i-com ◽

10.1515/icom-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 67-85

Author(s):

Matthias Weise ◽

Raphael Zender ◽

Ulrike Lucke

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

User Experience ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Multiple Dimensions ◽

Application Developers ◽

Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThe selection and manipulation of objects in Virtual Reality face application developers with a substantial challenge as they need to ensure a seamless interaction in three-dimensional space. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of selection and manipulation techniques in specific scenarios and regarding usability and user experience is a mandatory task to find suitable forms of interaction. In this article, we take a look at the most common issues arising in the interaction with objects in VR. We present a taxonomy allowing the classification of techniques regarding multiple dimensions. The issues are then associated with these dimensions. Furthermore, we analyze the results of a study comparing multiple selection techniques and present a tool allowing developers of VR applications to search for appropriate selection and manipulation techniques and to get scenario dependent suggestions based on the data of the executed study.

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Research on cargo-loading optimization based on genetic and fuzzy integration

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 8493-8500

Author(s):

Yanwei Du ◽

Feng Chen ◽

Xiaoyi Fan ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Henggang Liang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Distribution Center ◽

Long Time ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Decision Making Model ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Loading Scheme

With the increase of the number of loaded goods, the number of optional loading schemes will increase exponentially. It is a long time and low efficiency to determine the loading scheme with experience. Genetic algorithm is a search heuristic algorithm used to solve optimization in the field of computer science artificial intelligence. Genetic algorithm can effectively select the optimal loading scheme but unable to utilize weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, we propose hybrid Genetic and fuzzy logic based cargo-loading decision making model that focus on achieving maximum profit with maximum utilization of weight and volume capacity of cargo and truck. In this paper, first of all, the components of the problem of goods stowage in the distribution center are analyzed systematically, which lays the foundation for the reasonable classification of the problem of goods stowage and the establishment of the mathematical model of the problem of goods stowage. Secondly, the paper abstracts and defines the problem of goods loading in distribution center, establishes the mathematical model for the optimization of single car three-dimensional goods loading, and designs the genetic algorithm for solving the model. Finally, Matlab is used to solve the optimization model of cargo loading, and the good performance of the algorithm is verified by an example. From the performance evaluation analysis, proposed the hybrid system achieve better outcomes than the standard SA model, GA method, and TS strategy.

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Classification of EEG Mental Patterns by Using Two Scalp Electrodes and Mahalanobis Distance-Based Classifiers

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634391 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (04) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

F. Cincotti ◽

D. Mattia ◽

C. Babiloni ◽

F. Carducci ◽

L. Bianchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mahalanobis Distance ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Correct Classification ◽

Interface Area ◽

System A ◽

The Brain ◽

Full Covariance Matrix ◽

Recording Electrodes

Summary Objectives: In this paper, we explored the use of quadratic classifiers based on Mahalanobis distance to detect mental EEG patterns from a reduced set of scalp recording electrodes. Methods: Electrodes are placed in scalp centro-parietal zones (C3, P3, C4 and P4 positions of the international 10-20 system). A Mahalanobis distance classifier based on the use of full covariance matrix was used. Results: The quadratic classifier was able to detect EEG activity related to imagination of movement with an affordable accuracy (97% correct classification, on average) by using only C3 and C4 electrodes. Conclusions: Such a result is interesting for the use of Mahalanobis-based classifiers in the brain computer interface area.

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