Newcastle disease in turkeys. Determination of the 50 per cent. Lethal dose of the Herts (1933) Weybridge strain of Newcastle disease virus and the potency of B.P.L. inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine in turkeys

Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two highly contagious diseases that severely threaten the poultry industry. The goal of this study is to prevent these two diseases and reduce the vaccine costs during storage and transportation. In this study, we design a thermostable recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) candidate live vaccine strain designated as rLS-T-HN-T/B, which expresses the multiple epitope cassette of the identified infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (S-T/B). The rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was found to possess similar growth kinetics, passage stability, morphological characteristics, and virulence to the parental LaSota strain. After incubation at 56 °C at the indicated time points, the rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was determined by the hemagglutination (HA), and 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50) assays demonstrated that it accords with the criteria for thermostability. The thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B and parental LaSota vaccines were stored at 25 °C for 16 days prior to immunizing the one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Three weeks postimmunization, the virus challenge results suggested that the chicks vaccinated with the rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine were protected by 100% and 90% against a lethal dose of NDV and IBV, respectively. Furthermore, the trachea ciliary activity assay indicated that the mean ciliostasis score of the chicks vaccinated with thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine was significantly superior to that of the LaSota and PBS groups (p < 0.05). The rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine stored at 25 °C for 16 days remained capable of eliciting the immune responses and protecting against IBV and NDV challenges. However, the same storage conditions had a great impact on the parental LaSota strain vaccinated chicks, and the NDV challenge protection ratio was only 20%. We conclude that the thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B strain is a hopeful bivalent candidate vaccine to control both IB and ND and provides an alternative strategy for the development of cost-effective vaccines for village chickens, especially in the rural areas of developing countries.

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Protection of chickens against overt clinical disease and determination of viral shedding following vaccination with commercially available Newcastle disease virus vaccines upon challenge with highly virulent virus from the California 2002 exotic Newcastle disease outbreak

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.140 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (26) ◽

pp. 3424-3433 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Darrell R. Kapczynski ◽

Daniel J. King

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Clinical Disease ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Virulent Virus ◽

Highly Virulent

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Kinetische und chemische Untersuchungen über den Abbau von Di-N-acetylneuraminosyl-lacto-N-tetraose durch Neuraminidasen von Myxoviren und Vibrio cholerae / Kinetic and Chemical Experiments about the Decay of Di-N-acetylneuraminosyl-lacto-N-tetraose by Neuraminidases of Myxoviruses and Vibrio cholerae

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1971-1019 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1049-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hubertus Von Nicolai ◽

Rudolf Drzeniek ◽

Fritz Zilliken

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Hydrolytic Activity ◽

Neuraminic Acid ◽

Structural Determination ◽

Experimental Conditions

The splitting capacity of different neuraminidases (sialidases) has been tested on di-N-acetyl-neuraminosyl-lacto-N-tetraose from human milk. The substrate contains two residues of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NeuNAc), linked in (a, 2 → 3) position to D-galactose at the non-reducing end and in (a, 2 → 6) position to the adjacent N-acetyl-D-glucosamin. Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase releases both NeuNAc molecules. Newcastle disease virus neuraminidase as well as the enzyme from fowl plague virus cleave the (a, 2→3) linkage preferentially. The hydrolytic activity of both virus enzymes towards the (a, 2 → 6) linkage is highly reduced. Under specified experimental conditions the enzymes are useful for the structural determination of NeuNAc linkages in oligosaccharides.

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Efficacy of a genotype 2 Newcastle disease vaccine (Avinew®) against challenge with highly virulent genotypes 5d and 3d

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v80i3.197 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D.G. Bwala ◽

C. Abolnik ◽

A. Van Wyk ◽

E. Cornelius ◽

S.P.R. Bisschop

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Challenge Virus ◽

Genotype 2 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Since 2002, following its introduction, the lineage 5d Newcastle disease virus (so-called Goose paramyxovirus -GPMV) strain has caused numerous disease outbreaks among commercial and backyard poultry in South Africa, raising questions about the ability of commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines to fully protect poultry against the strain. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the level of protection offered by Avinew® Newcastle disease vaccine against GPMV virus as compared with a 3d Newcastle disease virus isolated in South Africa in 1993 (Rainbow challenge virus - RCV) strain. Six groups of 10-day-old, specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with doses of 103.0, 104.5 and 106.0 EID50 of Avinew® vaccine and challenged at 4 weeks of age intramuscularly at a dose of 105.3EID50/ 0.2 mℓ/bird of GPMV and RCV. No statistically significant difference could be found in the protection offered by Avinew® vaccine against GPMV as compared to RCV challenge. The protection offered against the ND challenge was found to be dose dependent. At the recommended field dose of 106.0 EID50 the vaccine gave 100 % protection from mortality against both the challenge viruses, but not against infection and replication of the viruses, as gross lesions were evident even in apparently healthy birds that survived the challenge. The protective dose (PD90) of the Avinew® vaccine against GPMV challenge was calculated at 104.38 and against that of RCV at 104.43.

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