The effects of muscle action, repetition duration, and loading strategies of a whole-body, progressive resistance training programme on muscular performance and body composition in trained males and females

Research has produced equivocal results with regard to eccentric (ECC) only compared with traditional concentric/eccentric resistance training (RT). When considered in relation to load- and repetition duration-accentuated (ECC) training as well as the use of isokinetic and isoinertial training methods, there is a relative dearth of literature considering multi-joint, multi-exercise RT interventions. The present study considered 59 male and female participants randomly divided in to 3 sex counterbalanced groups; ECC only (ECC, n = 20), repetition duration-accentuated ECC (ECC-A, n = 20), and traditional (CON, n = 19) performing full-body, effort matched RT programmes for 2 days·week−1 for 10 weeks. Outcomes were muscular performance, including absolute muscular endurance and predicted 1-repetition maximum, in addition to body composition. No significant between-groups differences were identified for change in muscular performance measures for leg press or chest press exercises, or for body composition changes. Analyses revealed a significantly greater improvement for CON compared with ECC groups (p < 0.05) for change in absolute muscular endurance for the pull-down exercise. Effect sizes for muscular performance changes were moderate to large for all groups and exercises (0.75–2.00). The present study supports previous research that ECC-only training produces similar improvements in muscular performance to traditional training where intensity of effort is controlled. Data herein further supports the use of uncomplicated, low-volume RT to momentary failure as an efficacious method of improving muscular performance in trained persons.

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Muscular performance and body composition changes following multi-joint versus combined multi- and single-joint exercises in aging adults

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0655 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 602-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ewertton de Souza Bezerra ◽

Antônio Renato Pereira Moro ◽

Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto ◽

Mariane Eichendorf da Silva ◽

Jeffrey Michael Willardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Muscular Performance ◽

Volume Resistance ◽

Low Volume ◽

Aging Adults ◽

Composition Changes

The aim of the present study was to compare muscular performance and body composition changes following low-volume resistance-training programs consisting of multi-joint (MJ) exercises (cable chest press and seated row) versus a combination of multi- and single-joint (MJ+SJ) exercises (cable chest press, seated row, biceps curl, and triceps extension). Thirty untrained healthy aging adults were randomly assigned to 3 groups: MJ (n = 11), MJ+SJ (n = 11), and control (n = 8). Twelve-repetition maximums (12-RMs) for the cable chest press and seated row, localized muscular endurance for the elbow flexors handgrip strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the 8-week training program. All comparisons were analyzed via a mixed-model analysis with repeated measures (group × time) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). The MJ and MJ+SJ groups increased performance in the 12-RM cable chest press (MJ = 61.5% ± 24.6% and MJ+SJ = 71.1% ± 25.6%), 12-RM seated row (MJ = 46.4% ± 26.3% and MJ+SJ = 51.5% ± 21.0%), localized muscular endurance (MJ = 24.7% ± 16.7% and MJ+SJ = 37.0% ± 11.4%), and handgrip strength (MJ = 9.3% ± 10.4% and MJ+SJ = 16.6% ± 25.3%) after the intervention. Body composition (i.e., trunk and upper limb fat and lean mass) did not change for any groups. No significant differences were observed between the MJ versus the MJ+SJ protocols after the intervention for any variables. In conclusion, for aging adults, either MJ or MJ+SJ low-volume resistance training resulted in similar increases in 12-RM, localized muscular endurance, and handgrip strength, without changes in body composition after 8 weeks of training.

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The Effects of 6 Months of Progressive High Effort Resistance Training Methods upon Strength, Body Composition, Function, and Wellbeing of Elderly Adults

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2541090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

James Steele ◽

Kristin Raubold ◽

Wolfgang Kemmler ◽

James Fisher ◽

Paulo Gentil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Training Methods ◽

End Points ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Composition Changes ◽

High Effort

Purpose. The present study examined the progressive implementation of a high effort resistance training (RT) approach in older adults over 6 months and through a 6-month follow-up on strength, body composition, function, and wellbeing of older adults.Methods. Twenty-three older adults (aged 61 to 80 years) completed a 6-month supervised RT intervention applying progressive introduction of higher effort set end points. After completion of the intervention participants could choose to continue performing RT unsupervised until 6-month follow-up.Results. Strength, body composition, function, and wellbeing all significantly improved over the intervention. Over the follow-up, body composition changes reverted to baseline values, strength was reduced though it remained significantly higher than baseline, and wellbeing outcomes were mostly maintained. Comparisons over the follow-up between those who did and those who did not continue with RT revealed no significant differences for changes in any outcome measure.Conclusions. Supervised RT employing progressive application of high effort set end points is well tolerated and effective in improving strength, body composition, function, and wellbeing in older adults. However, whether participants continued, or did not, with RT unsupervised at follow-up had no effect on outcomes perhaps due to reduced effort employed during unsupervised RT.

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The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with β-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition

Amino Acids ◽

10.1007/s00726-007-0008-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 547-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Iain P. Kendrick ◽

Roger C. Harris ◽

Hyo Jeong Kim ◽

Chang Keun Kim ◽

Viet H. Dang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Force Production ◽

Whole Body ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Body Strength

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Predicting Adaptations to Resistance Training Plus Overfeeding Using Bayesian Regression: A Preliminary Investigation

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk6020036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Robert W. Smith ◽

Patrick S. Harty ◽

Matthew T. Stratton ◽

Zad Rafi ◽

Christian Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Bayesian Regression ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Muscular Performance

Relatively few investigations have reported purposeful overfeeding in resistance-trained adults. This preliminary study examined potential predictors of resistance training (RT) adaptations during a period of purposeful overfeeding and RT. Resistance-trained males (n = 28; n = 21 completers) were assigned to 6 weeks of supervised RT and daily consumption of a high-calorie protein/carbohydrate supplement with a target body mass (BM) gain of ≥0.45 kg·wk−1. At baseline and post-intervention, body composition was evaluated via 4-component (4C) model and ultrasonography. Additional assessments of resting metabolism and muscular performance were performed. Accelerometry and automated dietary interviews estimated physical activity levels and nutrient intake before and during the intervention. Bayesian regression methods were employed to examine potential predictors of changes in body composition, muscular performance, and metabolism. A simplified regression model with only rate of BM gain as a predictor was also developed. Increases in 4C whole-body fat-free mass (FFM; (mean ± SD) 4.8 ± 2.6%), muscle thickness (4.5 ± 5.9% for elbow flexors; 7.4 ± 8.4% for knee extensors), and muscular performance were observed in nearly all individuals. However, changes in outcome variables could generally not be predicted with precision. Bayes R2 values for the models ranged from 0.18 to 0.40, and other metrics also indicated relatively poor predictive performance. On average, a BM gain of ~0.55%/week corresponded with a body composition score ((∆FFM/∆BM)*100) of 100, indicative of all BM gained as FFM. However, meaningful variability around this estimate was observed. This study offers insight regarding the complex interactions between the RT stimulus, overfeeding, and putative predictors of RT adaptations.

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Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18095017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 5017

Author(s):

Joanna M. Bukowska ◽

Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽

Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽

Tadeusz Ambroży ◽

Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Height ◽

Study Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Training Methods ◽

Training Experience ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

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Exceptional body composition changes attributed to collagen peptide supplementation and resistance training in older sarcopenic men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451600221x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 569-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stuart M. Phillips ◽

Kevin D. Tipton ◽

Luc J. C. van Loon ◽

Lex B. Verdijk ◽

Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Collagen Peptide ◽

Composition Changes

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Whole-body vibration augments resistance training effects on body composition in postmenopausal women

Maturitas ◽

10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.03.013 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 79-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Cecilie Fjeldstad ◽

Ian J. Palmer ◽

Michael G. Bemben ◽

Debra A. Bemben

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Whole Body Vibration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Training Effects ◽

Body Vibration

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Differences In Male Vs Female Regional Body Composition Changes With Resistance Training

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000562987.61429.d4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 833

Author(s):

Cory Mahan ◽

Bharath Selvaraj ◽

Amy Givan ◽

Adam Doedtman ◽

Jacayln McComb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Regional Body Composition ◽

Composition Changes

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Effects of resistance training and chromium picolinate on body composition and skeletal muscle in older men

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.29 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 29-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Wayne W. Campbell ◽

Lyndon J. O. Joseph ◽

Stephanie L. Davey ◽

Deanna Cyr-Campbell ◽

Richard A. Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Older Men ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Whole Body ◽

Chromium Picolinate ◽

High Dose ◽

Repetition Maximum

The effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation and resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle size, strength, and power and whole body composition were examined in 18 men (age range 56–69 yr). The men were randomly assigned (double-blind) to groups ( n = 9) that consumed either 17.8 μmol Cr/day (924 μg Cr/day) as CrPic or a low-Cr placebo for 12 wk while participating twice weekly in a high-intensity RT program. CrPic increased urinary Cr excretion ∼50-fold ( P < 0.001). RT-induced increases in muscle strength ( P < 0.001) were not enhanced by CrPic. Arm-pull muscle power increased with RT at 20% ( P = 0.016) but not at 40, 60, or 80% of the one repetition maximum, independent of CrPic. Knee-extension muscle power increased with RT at 20, 40, and 60% ( P < 0.001) but not at 80% of one repetition maximum, and the placebo group gained more muscle power than did the CrPic group (RT by supplemental interaction, P < 0.05). Fat-free mass ( P < 0.001), whole body muscle mass ( P < 0.001), and vastus lateralis type II fiber area ( P < 0.05) increased with RT in these body-weight-stable men, independent of CrPic. In conclusion, high-dose CrPic supplementation did not enhance muscle size, strength, or power development or lean body mass accretion in older men during a RT program, which had significant, independent effects on these measurements.

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