The impact of preconditioning exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Au ◽  
Kayleigh M Beaudry ◽  
Kristian Pancevski ◽  
Richard L. Hughson ◽  
Michaela C. Devries
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
The Impact

Exercise elicits direct benefits to insulin sensitivity but may also indirectly improve glucose uptake by hemodynamic conditioning of the vasculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the modifying effect of three different types of exercise on the vascular response to an oral glucose challenge. Twenty healthy adults (9 women, 11 men; 23±3 years old) completed a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at rest, as well as 1.5 hours after moderate continuous cycling exercise (30 min; 65% V̇O2peak), high intensity interval cycling exercise (10x1 min at 90% heart rate peak), and lower-load higher-repetition resistance exercise (25-35 repetitions/set, 3 sets). Brachial and superficial femoral artery blood flow, conductance, and oscillatory shear index were measured throughout the OGTT. Regardless of rested state or exercise preconditioning, the OGTT induced reductions in brachial artery blood flow and conductance (p<0.001), and transient increases in brachial and superficial femoral artery oscillatory shear index and retrograde blood flow (p<0.01). Continuous cycling and resistance exercise were followed with a small degree of protection against prolonged periods of oscillatory flow. Our findings imply transient peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased limb blood flow during a standard OGTT, for which prior exercise was unable to prevent in healthy adults. NOVELTY BULLETS • We investigated the impact of continuous, interval, and resistance exercise on the hemodynamic response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). • Our findings suggest decreased upper-limb blood flow during an OGTT is not prevented by prior exercise in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Direct Measurements of the Permeability Surface Area for Insulin and Glucose in Human Skeletal Muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 4559-4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soffia Gudbjörnsdóttir ◽  
Mikaela Sjöstrand ◽  
Lena Strindberg ◽  
John Wahren ◽  
Peter Lönnroth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Permeability Surface ◽  
One Step

Abstract To elucidate mechanisms regulating capillary transport of insulin and glucose, we directly calculated the permeability surface (PS) area product for glucose and insulin in muscle. Intramuscular microdialysis in combination with the forearm model and blood flow measurements was performed in healthy males, studied during an oral glucose tolerance test or during a one-step or two-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. PS for glucose increased significantly from 0.29 ± 0.1 to 0.64 ± 0.2 ml/min·100 g after oral glucose tolerance test, and glucose uptake increased from 1.2 ± 0.4 to 2.6 ± 0.6 μmol/min·100 g (P &lt; 0.05). During one-step hyperinsulinemic clamp (plasma insulin, 1.962 pmol/liter), PS for glucose increased from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.9 ml/min·100 g (P &lt; 0.05), and glucose uptake increased from 0.6 ± 0.2 to 5.0 ± 1.4 μmol/min·100 g (P &lt; 0.05). During the two-step clamp (plasma insulin, 1380 ± 408 and 3846 ± 348 pmol/liter), the arterial-interstitial difference and PS for insulin were constant. The PS for glucose tended to increase (P = not significant), whereas skeletal muscle blood flow increased from 4.4 ± 0.7 to 6.2 ± 0.8 ml/min·100 ml (P &lt; 0.05). The present data show that PS for glucose is markedly increased by oral glucose, whereas a further vasodilation exerted by high insulin concentrations may not be physiologically relevant for capillary delivery of either glucose or insulin in resting muscle.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus

Gut ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1614-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Jiayong Zheng ◽  
Wenyu Shi ◽  
Nan Du ◽  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe initial colonisation of the human microbiota and the impact of maternal health on neonatal microbiota at birth remain largely unknown. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to estimate the potential risks of the microbial shift to neonates.DesignPregnant women and neonates suffering from GDM were enrolled and 581 maternal (oral, intestinal and vaginal) and 248 neonatal (oral, pharyngeal, meconium and amniotic fluid) samples were collected. To avoid vaginal bacteria contaminations, the included neonates were predominantly delivered by C-section, with their samples collected within seconds of delivery.ResultsNumerous and diverse bacterial taxa were identified from the neonatal samples, and the samples from different neonatal body sites were grouped into distinct clusters. The microbiota of pregnant women and neonates was remarkably altered in GDM, with a strong correlation between certain discriminatory bacteria and the oral glucose tolerance test. Microbes varying by the same trend across the maternal and neonatal microbiota were observed, revealing the intergenerational concordance of microbial variation associated with GDM. Furthermore, lower evenness but more depletion of KEGG orthologues and higher abundance of some viruses (eg, herpesvirus and mastadenovirus) were observed in the meconium microbiota of neonates associated with GDM.ConclusionGDM can alter the microbiota of both pregnant women and neonates at birth, which sheds light on another form of inheritance and highlights the importance of understanding the formation of early-life microbiome.

scholarly journals Role of positive glucose challenge test only versus oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy outcome: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1545-1549
Author(s):  
Neha Homagai ◽  
Nirajan Mainali ◽  
Sikha Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Glucose Challenge

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance which is first recognized during pregnancy and is associated with a number of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia with an increased risk of shoulder dystocia and the need for neonatal intensive care. Maternal complications include pre-eclampsia and an increased risk of caesarean delivery. The objective of this study was to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with positive and negative oral glucose tolerance test following positive glucose challenge test. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational hospital based study of 120 patients admitted in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar with glucose challenge test positive pregnancy for delivery. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all the glucose challenge test positive pregnant and compared with various maternal parameters and newborn’s conditions. Results: Among 120 patients included in the study, 28 (30.4%) cases were oral glucose tolerance test. Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 12 cases. Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 42, hypoglycemia in 32, respiratory distress in 44, birth asphyxia in 15 and macrosomia in 6 cases. Conclusions: Pregnancy induced hypertension and hyperbilirubinemia were found to be significantly higher in OGTT positive cases so early detection of GDM screening via is advisable

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