Variation in sexual and clonal reproduction among introduced populations of flowering rush, Butomus umbellatus (Butomaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G Eckert ◽  
Blandine Massonnet ◽  
Julia J Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Clonal Reproduction ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Filled Seeds ◽  
European Populations

Butomus umbellatus L. is an invasive emergent aquatic plant that exhibits wide variation in seed production. Native European populations are fertile and diploid or sterile and triploid. However, adventive North American populations are widely reported to be sexually sterile. We quantified sexual fertility and self-compatibility under greenhouse conditions for nine introduced populations from eastern Ontario, Canada. All populations were highly fertile and self-compatible. Each flower produced an average of 127 ± 7 (mean ± SE) filled seeds and 31.4 ± 0.4% of seeds germinated. This level of fertility is much higher than previously reported, even for fertile native populations. We also quantified the production of seeds, flowers, and inflorescence-borne asexual bulbils in 19 natural populations from eastern Ontario; 17 populations were highly fertile (200 ± 9 seeds/fruit) and 2 produced almost no seeds (0.0-0.3 seeds/fruit), because ovules were either not fertilized or were aborted soon after fertilization. We found no evidence of a trade-off between sexual reproduction and clonal reproduction via bulbils. The wide variation in reproductive strategy observed in these populations raises questions concerning the evolutionary loss of sex in clonal populations, and may have significant implications for the spread and management of this exotic species.Key words: aquatic plants, clonal reproduction, breeding systems, invasive plants, reproductive ecology, sexual sterility.

Self-incompatibility in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Vaccinium corymbosum

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Vander Kloet ◽  
P. M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Made In

The results of self-pollinations, sibling pollinations, and cross-pollinations were compared in terms of number of berries produced per 100 pollinated flowers, number of plump seeds per berry, percent seed germination, and time between pollination and fruit ripening. The population studied consisted of 344 Vaccinium corymbosum L. seedlings grown from seeds harvested from native populations at 26 sites extending from Florida to Nova Scotia. Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid plants were included in the study, but only homoploid crosses were made in order to avoid the confounding effect of the strong heteroploid crossing barriers in V. corymbosum. Self-pollinations resulted in great reductions in all fertility parameters. Sibling pollinations produced far fewer seedlings than cross-pollinations, mainly because the number of plump seeds per berry was reduced from an average of 21 for outcrosses to 13 for sibling crosses. Pollination with 1:1 mixtures of self and outcross pollen reduced plump seed number per berry to 5, compared with 14 for comparable outcrosses. The results were similar at all three ploidy levels. It is concluded that self-compatibility is low in natural populations of V. corymbosum.

Effects of latitudinal variation on field and common garden comparisons between native and introduced groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Ru Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Meng Li ◽  
Da-Yong Zhang ◽  
Wan-Jin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
European Populations ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Aims Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations. Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences, particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges. We tested whether the latitudinal clines influence comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris. Methods Senecio vulgaris is native to Europe but has been introduced in northeastern and southwestern China. To evaluate the performance in terms of growth and reproduction between native European populations and introduced Chinese populations, we compared plant height, number of branches and number of capitula in field populations in native and introduced ranges and in a common garden in Switzerland. Important Findings The introduced Chinese populations performed better than the native European populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula, which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of the increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. The Chinese populations produced more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison. When we compared the traits of the northeastern Chinese, southwestern Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden, the northeastern Chinese populations, at latitudes similar to those of the European populations, exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden. However, the southwestern Chinese populations, at latitudes much lower than those of the European populations, did not perform better than the native populations in terms of reproduction. In conclusion, our results suggest that latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.

scholarly journals Effects of latitudinal variation on field and common garden comparisons between native and introduced groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Ru Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Meng Li ◽  
Da-Yong Zhang ◽  
Wan-Jin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
European Populations

Abstract Background: Field and common garden comparisons are commonly performed to test the rapid evolution of increased vigor in introduced plant populations. Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits can obscure such evolutionary inferences, particularly when native or introduced populations are distributed across large geographic ranges. We tested whether the latitudinal clines influence the comparisons between introduced and native populations of Senecio vulgaris. We compared plant height, number of branches and number of capitula in the field in Europe and China, and in a common garden in Switzerland.Results: The Chinese introduced populations performed better than the European native populations in the field in terms of plant height and number of capitula, which was consistent with the prediction of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. The Chinese populations exhibited more capitula than the European populations when the latitudinal cline was considered in the common garden comparison. When we compared the traits of the northeast Chinese, southwest Chinese and European populations in both the field and common garden, the northeast Chinese populations, at latitudes similar to those of the European populations, exhibited greater plant size and more capitula than the European populations in both the field and common garden. However, the southwest Chinese populations, at latitudes that are much lower than those of the European populations, did not perform better in terms of reproduction than the native populations.Conclusion: Latitudinal clines in phenotypic traits should be considered in field and common garden comparisons when introduced populations are geographically structured.

RARE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EVENTS IN THE CLONAL REPRODUCTION SYSTEM OF INTRODUCED POPULATIONS OF THE LITTLE FIRE ANT

Evolution ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Foucaud ◽  
Hervé Jourdan ◽  
Julien Le Breton ◽  
Anne Loiseau ◽  
Djoël Konghouleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Reproduction ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Little Fire Ant

Variation in sexual and clonal reproduction among introduced populations of flowering rush, Butomus umbellatus (Butomaceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Eckert ◽  
Blandine Massonnet ◽  
Julia J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Reproduction ◽  
Introduced Populations

scholarly journals Root flavonoids are related to enhanced AMF colonization of an invasive tree

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchun Pei ◽  
Evan Siemann ◽  
Baoliang Tian ◽  
Jianqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Invasive Tree

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important mutualistic microbes in soil, which have capacity to form mutualistic associations with most land plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in plant invasions and their interactions with invasive plants have received increasing attention. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the interactions of AMF and invasive plants are still poorly understood. In this study we aim to test whether root secondary chemicals are related to enhanced AMF colonization and rapid growth in an invasive tree. We conducted a common garden experiment in China with Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) to examine the relationships among AMF colonization and secondary metabolites in roots of plants from introduced (USA) and native (China) populations. We found that AMF colonization rate was higher in introduced populations compared to native populations. Roots of plants from introduced populations had lower levels of phenolics and tannins, but higher levels of flavonoids than those of plants from native populations. Flavonoids were positively correlated with AMF colonization, and this relationship was especially strong for introduced populations. Besides, AMF colonization was positively correlated with plant biomass suggesting that higher root flavonoids and AMF colonization may impact plant performance. This suggests that higher root flavonoids in plants from introduced populations may promote AMF spore germination and/or attract hyphae to their roots, which may subsequently increase plant growth. Overall, our results support a scenario in which invasive plants enhance their AMF association and invasion success via genetic changes in their root flavonoid metabolism. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant invasion success and the evolutionary interactions between plants and AMF. Understanding such mechanisms of invasive plant success is critical for predicting and managing plant invasions in addition to providing important insights into the chemical mechanism of AMF–plant interactions.

scholarly journals RARE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EVENTS IN THE CLONAL REPRODUCTION SYSTEM OF INTRODUCED POPULATIONS OF THE LITTLE FIRE ANT

Evolution ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Foucaud ◽  
Hervé Jourdan ◽  
Julien Le Breton ◽  
Anne Loiseau ◽  
Djoël Konghouleux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Reproduction ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Little Fire Ant

Very Low Fruit : Flower Ratios in Grevillea (Proteaceae) are Independent of Breeding System

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Hermanutz ◽  
David Innes ◽  
Andrew Denham ◽  
Robert Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Species Specific

Members of the family Proteaceae have extremely low mature fruit : flower (FR : FL) ratios (range 0.001–0.163) compared with other temperate, hermaphroditic, woody perennials. Sutherland’s (1986) survey of FR : FL ratios indicated that compatibility was an important factor explaining levels of fruit set. The role of compatibility in regulating FR : FL ratios was tested in five closely related species of Grevillea (Proteaceae). Species-specific compatibility was compared using the self-compatibility index (SI = ratio of selfed fruit set to crossed fruit set) calculated at fruit initiation to minimise the confounding effect of other post-fertilisation fruit losses, such as inbreeding depression and pre-dispersal predation. Fruit : flower ratios at initiation ranged from 0.041–0.249, and at maturity 0.015–0.096. Grevillea species showed highly variable breeding systems: G. linearifolia was self-incompatible (SI = 0.003), G. sphacelata, G. mucronulata, and G. oleoides were partially self-compatible (SI = 0.07–0.28) and G. longifolia was self-compatible (SI = 0.61). Intrapopulation variability in the level of self-incompatibility was high in all species but G. linearifolia. The correlation between SI and FR: FL ratios was non-significant, indicating that compatibility has a minimal effect on fruit set in the Grevillea species studied, and that these data, together with other data on proteaceous species do not support trends observed in Sutherland’s survey. Low FR : FL ratios resulted from of a combination of pollen limitation, and high levels of flower and fruit predation.

scholarly journals Population frequencies of transposable elements in selfing and outcrossingCaenorhabditisnematodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIE S. DOLGIN ◽  
BRIAN CHARLESWORTH ◽  
ASHER D. CUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Caenorhabditis Remanei

SummaryPopulation genetics theory predicts that differences in breeding systems should be an important factor in the dynamics of selfish genetic elements, because of different intensities of selection on both hosts and elements. We examined population frequencies of transposable elements (TEs) in natural populations of the self-fertilizing nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansand its outcrossing relativeCaenorhabditis remanei. We identified a Tc1-like class of elements in theC. remaneigenome with homology to the terminal inverted repeats of theC. elegansTc1 transposon, which we name mTcre1. We measured levels of insertion polymorphism for all 32 Tc1 elements present in the genome sequence of theC. elegansN2 strain, and 16 mTcre1 elements from the genome sequence of theC. remaneiPB4641 strain. We show that transposons are less polymorphic and segregate at higher frequencies inC. eleganscompared withC. remanei. Estimates of the intensity of selection based on the population frequencies of polymorphic elements suggest that transposons are selectively neutral inC. elegans, but subject to purifying selection inC. remanei. These results are consistent with a reduced efficacy of natural selection against TEs in selfing populations, but may in part be explained by non-equilibrium TE dynamics.

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