Alternate host ranges of Cronartium flaccidum and Cronartium ribicola in northern Europe

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Ritva Hiltunen ◽  
Berit Samils
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
New Host ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Ribes Spp ◽  
Host Families

Attached and detached leaves of 60 potential host species were inoculated in the greenhouse and laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. from six Finnish locations and of Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schw.) Wint. from 20 locations in Finland and Sweden in 2011. Candidate hosts represented 16 plant families: Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Apocynaceae. Inoculations of C. flaccidum produced uredinia after 2 weeks and (or) telia after 4 weeks of incubation on 25 hosts. Inoculation trials identified several new hosts for C. flaccidum in Fennoscandia, namely Impatiens balsamina, Swertia fedtschenkoana, Loasa tricolor, Myrica gale, Verbena canadensis, Saxifraga spp., Paeonia obovata, and Veronica daurica. Myricaceae and Saxifragaceae represent new host families for these rusts. Cronartium ribicola formed uredinia or telia on 10 species: Ribes spp. (7 species/cultivars), Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris, Bartsia alpina, and Loasa triphylla. Results suggest wider alternate host ranges for both C. flaccidum and C. ribicola than previously recognized. Spores were virulent regardless of their source location, suggesting a lack of host-specificity among Fennoscandian populations of Cronartium.

Host species of mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Clark ◽  
Jen A. McComb ◽  
Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Family ◽  
Single Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Families ◽  
New Host Species

In order to study the relationships between mistletoes and their host species, comprehensive collections of both mistletoes and hosts are needed. The effect of sampling effort on the estimation of mistletoe host range was demonstrated in a comparison of an inventory of host mistletoe interactions published by Downey in 1998 and a 2019 inventory presented here, which is based on data from collections in the Australian Virtual Herbarium and information in the literature. New hosts were recorded for 93% of the 90 Australian mistletoes. There were 338 previously known hosts recorded to be parasitised by additional mistletoe species, and 317 new host species that were not previously known as mistletoe hosts (25 being alien species). These were from 78 new host genera and 13 new host families. The total number of host species was 1186 within 327 genera from 92 host families. A total of 63% of all Australian mistletoes parasitise species of either Eucalyptus or Acacia or both these genera. The large rise in host species recorded in less than two decades between inventories suggests that current knowledge of hosts is still incomplete, such that further new hosts will be discovered in future. Some mistletoe species show a strong preference to one host family or genus but due to insufficient collecting it is premature to conclude that any of the three species known from a single host are host specific.

New alternate hosts for the rusts Cronartium ribicola and Cronartium flaccidum in Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Kaitera ◽  
Ritva Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
The North ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

We explored the potential of the North European flora and some garden plants growing naturally outside Europe to support a reservoir of pine stem rusts. Live plants and detached leaves of 35 species in 16 families (Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Grossulariaceae, Paeoniaceae, Balsaminaceae, Gentianaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Loasaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Acanthaceae, Myricaceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Orobanchaceae, Apocynaceae, and Fagaceae) were inoculated in the greenhouse and (or) laboratory with aeciospores of Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. and Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter in 2010. Cronartium flaccidum produced uredinia and (or) telia in 14 species in nine families, 11 of which represent new alternate hosts in Finland and nine also elsewhere (excluding Nemesia versicolor and Tropaeolum majus L.): Euphrasia stricta D. Wof. ex J.F. Lehm., N. versicolor E. Mey. ex Benth., Nemesia strumosa Benth., Verbena × hybrida Voss., Verbena officinalis L., Veronica longifolia L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, T. majus, Loasa triphylla Juss., Asclepias incarnata L., and Bartsia alpina L. Cronartium ribicola formed fruitbodies in nine species and cultivars in five families, five of which are new alternate hosts for this species in Finland and also elsewhere: Mentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A. Gray, A. incarnata, B. alpina, L. triphylla, and T. majus. Both species of Cronartium infected four alternate hosts, each in its own family. The alternate host range of each Cronartium was wider than expected and wider than that previously described. In local natural forests, Euphrasia , Veronica , and Bartsia (in northern Finland) are potential hosts that are common and may be able to spread these rusts. The recently established ornamental I. glandulifera could provide the means to spread C. flaccidum to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in southern Finland, and species of Mentzelia may be important for the spread of C. ribicola.

scholarly journals Report on two species of Digenea from marine fishes in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. M. FERNANDES ◽  
R. M. PINTO ◽  
S. C. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
First Time

Two species of Digenea were recorded for the first time in South America and in new hosts: Acanthostomum spiniceps (Looss, 1896) (Cryptogonimidae) was reported from Astroscopus sexspinosus (Steindachner, 1877) (Uranoscopidae) and Diplomonorchis sphaerovarium Nahhas & Cable, 1964 (Monorchiidae) from Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau, 1855) (Ophichthidae). From the latter, Heliconema heliconema Travassos, 1919 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae), was also recovered representing also a new host for this nematode species.

Amblyomma tick species infesting amphibians and reptiles in the seasonally dry Amazon forest, with new host records for Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Hiroiuki Oda ◽  
Clóvis Kitagawa ◽  
Janaina Da Costa Noronha ◽  
Domingos De Jesus Rodrigues ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
New Host Records

Our study yielded a list of ticks found on amphibians and reptiles at five sites within seasonally dry Amazon forest in Mato Grosso State, central Brazil, in addition to new host records for A. rotundatum. We collected 431 tick specimens: 79 larvae, 115 nymphs, 38 females, and 199 males belonging to A. humerale, A. rotundatum, and Amblyomma sp., on 39 anurans and 21 reptiles. The toads R. guttatus and R. margaritifera and the frog L. pentadactylus are new hosts for A. rotundatum.

Host Selection in Pyrausta nubilalis, Hübn.

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Thompson ◽  
H. L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
New Host ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Pyrausta Nubilalis

During the last few years a number of papers have been published by entomologists in connection with the hypothesis known as the “ Hopkins host-selection principle.” This principle, as defined by Dr. A. D. Hopkins himself, is that an insect species that breeds in two or more hosts will continue to breed in the host to which it has become adapted. Thus, according to this author, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus monticola, will destroy mountain pine, yellow pine, lodgepole pine and sugar pine, but if it becomes established in one species of pine through many generations, the beetles on emergence show a decided preference for the species in which they have bred and will not, in fact, attack any other. In 1922 Craighead published a paper giving the results of experiments carried on during a number of years with about a dozen species of Cerambycids. He states that in practically all the species studied the adults show a marked predilection for the host in which they have fed as larvae, provided that they are not deterred by other factors. Continued breeding in a given host is said to intensify the preference for that host. With some beetles whose larvae can be transferred to another species of plant and successfully reared therein, this association with the new host for a year, or even less, during the latter part of the larval life is said to determine a preference for this in the resulting adults. The author believes that his experiments may indicate the mode of origin of certain closely related species or varieties. The conclusions at which he has independently arrived were long ago suggested by Walsh. That new forms do not thus arise more rapidly in Nature, Craighead considers to be due to the high mortality of the young larvae in the new hosts.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA SOMNIARIA (HULST) (GEOMETRIDAE) AND LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA LUGUBROSA (HULST) (GEOMETRIDAE) TO VIRUSES FROM SEVERAL SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Orgyia Pseudotsugata ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Normal Shape ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lambdina Fiscellaria Lugubrosa ◽  
Hemlock Looper

Fifteen nuclear-polyhedrosis viruses and one granulosis virus were tested against two closely related insects, the oak looper, Lambdina fiscellaria somniaria (Hulst), and the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst). The polyhedrosis viruses from the two insects were highly infectious for each species of host. Viruses from the tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., and the grey forest looper, Caripeta divisata Walker, were, respectively, highly and moderately infectious for the two subspecies. Viruses from five other insects including the California oakworm were poorly infectious for L. f. somniaria.All polyhedra retained their normal shape but nearly all increased in size when passed through the new hosts. All polyhedra (original and transferred) were easily stained with naphthol yellow S and with Buffalo black but only those from C. divisata were stained with Loeffler"s methylene blue. The length of the virus rods of viruses tested was not changed by passage through a new host but the width of three viruses increased.

On Some Filarial Parasites of South American Primates, with a Description of Tetrapetalonema tamarinae n.sp. from the Peruvian Tamarin Marmoset, Tamarinus nigricollis (Spix, 1823)

1963 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Dunn ◽  
Frank L. Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
South American ◽  
New Host ◽  
Ateles Paniscus ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Saimiri Boliviensis ◽  
Saimiri Sciurea ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Host Records

1. The results of a survey of 194 Peruvian and Colombian primates for filarial infections are presented. Nine genera and 14 species of marmosets and monkeys are represented in the survey. A blood film survey revealed microfilariae in 82, of 42% of the animals. Adult worms were recovered from 21 of 61 dissected animals. The 209 adult worms belong to four species: Dipetalonema gracile, Dipetalonema caudispina, Tetrapetalonema marmosetae, and Tetrapetalonema tamarinae, a new species.2. New host records for Dipetalonema gracile are: Tamarinus nigricollis, Cebus albifrons, and Saimiri boliviensis. Saimiri boliviensis is a new host for Dipetalonema caudispina. New hosts for Tetrapetalonema marmosetae are: Oedipomidas oedipus, Saimiri sciurea, S. boliviensis, and Ateles paniscus.3. The adult worms and microfilaria of a new species of filarial worm, Teirapetalonema tamarinae, are described from a Peruvian tamarin marmoset, Tamarinus nigricollis.

Stigmatomycesfrom New Zealand and New Caledonia: new records, new species and two new host families

Mycologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Hughes ◽  
Alex Weir ◽  
Ben Gillen ◽  
Walter Rossi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Families

scholarly journals Pomegranate (Punica granatum) as Host of the Broomrapes Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-859
Author(s):  
E. Dor ◽  
R. Aly ◽  
J. Hershenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Infected Area

Orobanche and Phelipanche, commonly known as broomrape, are dicotyledonous holoparasitic flowering plants that cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species. Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pomel.) parasitizes more than 30 food and ornamental crops, including tomato, sunflower, tobacco, chickpea and many others in different parts of the world. Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) parasitizes important legume crops, such as lentil, faba bean, chickpea, pea, vetches, and grass pea, as well as some apiaceous crops, such as carrot (4). This is the first report of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as a new host for broomrape. This is also the first report of broomrape parasitism on a Lythraceae family member. Because of their high value for human health, the demand for pomegranate fruits has increased tremendously in the last few years and the extent of pomegranate growth has increased significantly in many regions throughout the world. In March 2013, heavy broomrape infection of a 10-year-old pomegranate orchard near the village Kfar Pines was reported. The infected area of about 2 ha was located in the middle of a big pomegranate orchard (variety 116). Broomrape inflorescence counts in the infected area revealed 14 and 0.6 P. aegyptiaca and O. crenata shoots per m2, respectively. Both broomrape species were uniformly distributed over all the infected area. No differences of infection rate between the pomegranate trees could be observed. The inflorescences of the two species were normal and healthy and produced germinable seeds. Digging up the inflorescences verified a direct connection between the parasites and the pomegranate roots. The parasite species were identified morphologically according to Flora Europea (2) and Flora Palaestina (3). Detailed description of the two parasites may be found in (4). Identification was confirmed using unique DNA marker based on the photosynthetic gene rbcL of O. crenata. rbcL primers were able to distinguish between the above two species according to differences in PCR products yielding 390 bp for P. aegyptiaca and 300 bp for O. crenata (1). This was the first time that broomrapes had appeared in the orchard since its establishment, on fields that had been intensively used for processing tomato. No legume cropping history in the infected areas is known. It may be hypothesized that the broomrape seeds were dormant in the soil for over 10 years (4).The extremely wet and hot weather conditions of winter 2012/13 induced their germination. A total of 730 mm of rainfall was measured for that year as compared to the annual average of 560 mm for the region. High-level infestations with P. aegyptiaca and O. crenata were also reported from two other pomegranate orchards, Givat Ada and Evron, 11 km west and 81 km north of Kfar Pines, respectively. Neither symptoms nor visible qualitative or quantitative damage could be observed on the infected vs. non-infected pomegranate trees. However, pomegranate appears to be an alternate host for P. aegyptiaca and O. crenata serving as a seed inoculum source for nearby sensitive field crops. References: (1) R. Aly et al. Joint Workshop of the EWRS Working Groups, 29 September – 3 October, Chania, Crete, Greece, 2013. (2) A. O. Chater and D. A. Webb. Orobanche. Page 285 in: Flora Europaea, Vol. 3. T. G. Tutin et al., eds. University Press, Cambridge, 1972. (3) N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Page 210 in: Flora Palaestina, Vol. 3. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 1978. (4) D. M. Joel et al., eds. Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic Mechanisms and Control Strategies. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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