Tree size affects accumulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce seedlings during short day-induced bud formation

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dhont ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
Nathalie Isabel
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Steady State Levels

The present study documents the changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolites occurring in apical buds and previous year stems of white spruce seedlings ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) with contrasting growth phenotypes (tall vs. small) after transfer to short day (SD; 8 h) photoperiod to induce bud formation. Concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates markedly increased in the developing buds within the days after transfer to SD, mainly as a result of increased concentrations of monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and pinitol. At the same time, starch levels declined, with the resulting carbohydrates presumably used to meet early carbon requirements of the SD-induced apical bud. Concentrations of glutamine, glutamic acid and proline also decreased immediately after transfer to SD in both organs. Later stages of SD-induced bud formation were characterized by an increase in starch, sucrose, and glutamine concentrations in previous year stems, concomitant with an increase in the steady-state levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glutamine synthetase protein. In contrast, arginine levels increased after 2 weeks of SD exposure, indicating a transition in arginine metabolism at the time of initiation of shoot stem primordia and bud elongation. Higher accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates and total amino acids in previous year stems of small trees could indicate lower sink strength of apical bud during its development, which could in turn impact subsequent tree growth.

scholarly journals Molecular events of apical bud formation in white spruce, Picea glauca

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALID EL KAYAL ◽  
CARMEN C. G. ALLEN ◽  
CHELSEA J.-T. JU ◽  
ERI ADAMS ◽  
SUSANNE KING-JONES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Molecular Events

Seedling Size and Age as Factors of Morphogenesis in White Spruce Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss Buds

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F.W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Strong Relationships

Terminal bud formation was induced in seedling white spruce of different sizes by transferring seedlings to a 10-week short day treatment at ages ranging from 6 to 16 weeks. Subsequent counts of needles initiated and measurements of height increment showed strong relationships with height and age of seedlings during bud formation. The implications of results for regeneration schemes are discussed.

Changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) of contrasted growth phenotypes

Trees ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dhont ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Yves Castonguay ◽  
Nathalie Isabel
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Other Hand

Seedlings of Picea glauca were grown for 2 months under three photoperiodic treatments. Short day treatment induced early terminal dormancy and resistance to severe drought treatment. Long day treatments, on the other hand, allowed prolonged growth of most seedlings and made them susceptible to drought.

scholarly journals A roadmap of apical bud formation in white spruce identifies potential regulators of time to bud set

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Cooke ◽  
Walid El Kayal ◽  
Betty Pelgas ◽  
Irina L Zaharia ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Bud Set

Influence of short-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on growth, allocation patterns, and biochemistry of black spruce seedlings at different stages of development

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel A. Campagna ◽  
Hank A. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates

Black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana Mill.) were exposed to either elevated (1000 ppm) or ambient (340 ppm) atmospheric CO2 levels at different stages of seedling development over a winter greenhouse production cycle. Seedlings germinated in early February and were placed in CO2 chambers for either 3 or 6 weeks during March, April, May, or August. Total seedling biomass increased under high CO2 conditions for the March, April, and May stages of development, but showed no significant response in August. The greater part of the CO2 response occurred during the second 3 weeks of exposure in March and April but during the first 3 weeks of exposure in May. In September, those seedlings exposed to CO2 in April and May had 30 and 14%, respectively, greater biomass than control seedlings, but seedlings from the other stages of development no longer had significant differences remaining from the CO2 treatment. This suggests that it could be very efficient to give a short well-timed CO2 pulse at the beginning of the production cycle in hopes of producing a size difference that is maintained throughout the remainder of the greenhouse production cycle under ambient levels of CO2. Short-term exposure to elevated CO2 also increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to total height for the March, April, and May stages of development. The ratio of total nonstructural carbohydrates to free amino acids was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.98) with the allocation of new growth between shoots and roots as measured by the allocation coefficient, k (milligrams shoot growth per milligrams root growth). As seedlings developed along their seasonal growth cycle, ratios of total nonstructural carbohydrates to free amino acids increased and the values for k decreased. The effect of CO2 enrichment on these two factors is discussed. Monitoring total nonstructural carbohydrate and free amino acid concentrations in foliage could have potential as a method to predict the percentage of carbon allocated to root systems of entire forest stands as well as of individual tree seedlings.

WHITE SPRUCE AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM: DEFINING THE PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Lawrence ◽  
William J. Mattson ◽  
Robert A. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foliar Traits

AbstractSynchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3–4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1–3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm’s population dynamics.

Changes in levels of foliar carbohydrates and myo-inositol before premature leaf senescence of Populus nigra induced by a mixture of O3 and SO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Fialho ◽  
J. Bücker
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence ◽  
Early Indication

Specimens of Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen exhibit premature leaf senescence when exposed for a few weeks to realistic air pollution. In this study, the changes in levels of foliar carbohydrates and myo-inositol (MI) due to 30 ± 1 nL/L O3 + 12 ± 1 nL/L SO2 from the onset of exposure to the occurrence of premature abscission is presented. Petioles and laminae of the 12 oldest leaves were separately analysed on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 32 of continuous exposure, which was performed in open-top chambers (OTC). On days 8 to 12, clearly prior to yellowing (starting on day 22), total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC; starch + raffinose + sucrose + glucose + fructose + MI) in the fumigated laminae exceeded that in controls by about 30%. This increase was due to higher amounts of different soluble forms, while starch remained unaltered. From day 20 onwards, the level of TNC in the fumigated laminae progressively fell below that in controls. This decrease was due to a progressive decline in starch, which had started on day 16 and was dominating, although glucose and raffinose increased significantly. In the petioles, starch, sucrose, and glucose decreased because of fumigation with the occurrence of leaf yellowing, while raffinose increased. In contrast, MI in the petioles progressively accumulated directly on exposure until leaf yellowing occurred. The results are discussed in terms of the "general adaption syndrome" of H. Selye (1936. Nature (London), 138: 32). The marked MI response in petioles is concluded to be an early indication of phytorelevant O3 + SO2 pollution. Keywords: air pollution, carbohydrates, myo-inositol, pigments, Populus nigra L., senescence, stress.

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