PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF OAT CROWN RUST ISOLATED FROM AECIA ON BUCKTHORN AND THEIR RELATION TO THE RACIAL POPULATION ON OATS IN SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND MANITOBA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Physiologic Race ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
New Races ◽  
Differential Varieties

The physiologic race composition of isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., from aecia on buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., was correlated with the races isolated from oats, Avena saliva L., in southwestern Ontario and Manitoba respectively. Among the races isolated from aecia in each region, predominant were virulent races which were isolated also from infected oats growing in the buckthorn areas. This suggests strongly that the alternate host is important in initiating crown rust epiphytotics.Races virulent on Landhafer and Santa Fe oats comprised 52% of the isolates from oats and 45% of the isolates from buckthorn in Manitoba. Isolates from oats and buckthorn in Ontario were also correlated, with the most prevalent races being those virulent on Victoria and Bond. They comprised 55% and 45% of the isolates from the principal and alternate hosts respectively.Eight races of crown rust recently discovered in Canada are described in terms of their reactions on the standard set of differential varieties. It is suggested that hybridization on the alternate host would adequately account for the origin of these new races.

THE DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F. SP. AVENAE ERIKSS., IN CANADA, 1952 TO 1961

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Physiologic Races

From 1952 to 1956 the races of crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., that predominated in Eastern Canada were 201, 202, 203, 209, 239, and 240. Races 201, 202, and 204 occurred most frequently in Western Canada. These races cannot attack the differential host variety Victoria, from which the currently grown commercial varieties Rodney and Garry derive their resistance. Garry and Rodney became widely grown in Canada by 1957, and since then races 216 and 274, which can attack Victoria, have become prominent, especially in Western Canada.More races are found in Eastern Canada than in the west, and there is less tendency for a few races to predominate in the east. These differences may be explained by the relatively frequent occurrence of the alternate host, Rhamnus cathartica L., in important oat-growing regions of Eastern Canada, and by the cultivation of large acreages of a few varieties with similar resistance in the west. The most important factor affecting the distribution and frequency of occurrence of races is the variety grown.

Oat crown rust race differentiation: replacement of the standard differential varieties with a new set of single resistance gene lines derived from Avena sterilis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann ◽  
R. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
The Common ◽  
Race Differentiation ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Differential Varieties

A review of the physiologic races of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, isolated in surveys since 1967 indicated a continuing trend toward increased virulence on the standard differential varieties of oats, Avena sativa. Because of this trend and because the inheritance and interrelationships of resistances in the standard differential set are not completely known, a new set of oat crown rust differentials has been introduced. The new set comprises 10 near-isogenic lines of the common oat variety 'Pendek,' into which single resistance genes from Avena sterilis had been transferred. A system of race nomenclature which reflects the pattern of virulence on the new set is proposed.

VIRULENCE OF UREDIAL AND AECIAL ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F.SP. AVENAE IDENTIFIED IN CANADA FROM 1952 TO 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Oat Breeding

Isolates of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae collected during a 15-year period were tested for virulence on the crown rust differential oat varieties. The proportion of cultures virulent on Landhafer increased relative to others during this period, and was related to the release in the United States of commercial varieties that contained this type of resistance. These varieties served to reduce the proportion of races avirulent on Landhafer in the crown rust population that reached Canada.The occurrence and subsequent increase in frequency of isolates virulent on Victoria was correlated with the release of the oat varieties Rodney and Garry which possess part of the crown rust resistance of Victoria. The increased proportion of cultures that attacked Ukraine also paralleled the release of these two commercial varieties. This suggests that Ukraine either contains the Victoria Pc-11 gene for crown rust resistance that was transferred to Rodney and Garry, or that it contains another gene in common with these varieties.Races of crown rust that are differentially virulent on the varieties Landhafer and Santa Fe have recently been found in Canada. One culture was virulent on the variety Bondvic but not on Trispernia. No increase in race 264 of crown rust, which attacks all the differential sources of resistance except Saia, has been observed since it was first identified in Canada in 1957.Presentation of the virulence of crown rust isolates for individual types of resistance was found to express the results of race surveys in terms which were more meaningful to the oat breeding program. This form of analysis also produced valuable information on the possible relationships of genes for resistance in different oat varieties not readily obtainable from conventional information on the occurrence and distribution of physiologic races of crown rust.

scholarly journals Crown Rust Development and Selection for Virulence in Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in an Oat Multiline Cultivar

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
The University

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the most important disease of cultivated oat in North America. Numerous race-specific (Pc) genes for crown rust have been found in Avena spp. but this type of resistance has not been durable when used in oat cultivars. Increasing diversity for resistance within a crop by the use of multiline cultivars or varietal mixtures has been proposed as a means of achieving durable resistance to highly variable pathogens such as P. coronata f. sp. avenae. Multiline cv. E77 was evaluated over multiple seasons in the University of Minnesota buckthorn nursery in St. Paul. Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, the alternate host of P. coronata) supports a sexually recombining, highly diverse crown rust population in the St. Paul nursery. Crown rust severity on flag leaves was measured multiple times on E77 and its 10 component lines during grain filling. Single-urediniospore isolates taken from crown rust samples during early stages of the epidemic and at the end of the epidemic were tested for virulence on the 10 component lines of E77 in greenhouse seedling tests. Crown rust development was reduced in E77 compared with the weighted mean of the component lines at all stages of the crown rust epidemics. The mean virulence of single-urediniospore isolates tended to increase late in the epidemic on E77. These data suggest that multilines may select for complex virulence or “super races” and any resistance effect may not be durable.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 139. Rhamnus cathartica L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirwais M Qaderi ◽  
David R Clements ◽  
Paul B Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

European buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is an introduced shrub or small tree of forests, thickets, open pastures, hedgerows, roadsides, and riparian habitats. In Canada, it is found from Alberta east to the Maritimes, but is absent from Newfoundland. It is particularly abundant in southern Ontario. Problems arise from its status as an alternate host for the fungi Puccinia coronata Corda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., which causes crown rust and leaf rust of oats and for Puccinia coronata var. hordei Jin & Steff., which causes crown rust of barley. It is also the overwintering host for the recently invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, which has been described as a serious threat to soybean production in North America. Prolific fruit production, in combination with extensive seedling establishment and shade tolerance, allows R. cathartica to dominate an understorey quickly. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, at least in fairly moist areas, may lead to further expansion of its Canadian range. Control strategies should focus on reducing populations in close proximity to oats, soybeans or barley and to reduce its abundance in areas of ecological importance. Key words: Rhamnus cathartica, European buckthorn, Puccinia coronata, soybean aphid, weed biology

Hypersensitive lignification response as the mechanism of non-host resistance of wheat against oat crown rust

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno M. Moerschbacher ◽  
Ulrike Noll ◽  
Carlos A. Ocampo ◽  
Berenike E. Flott ◽  
Uwe Gotthardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

scholarly journals Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Brazil and Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. A. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
South American ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Important Disease

Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Bra-zil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual.

INHERITANCE OF CROWN RUST RESISTANCE IN THREE ACCESSIONS OF AVENA STERILIS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Harder ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to oat crown rust was studied in three accessions of Avena sterilis L. Accession CAV 4274 originated from Morocco, CAV 4540 from Algeria, and CAV 3695 from Tunisia. Seedling rust tests on F2 backcross families indicated the presence of two dominant genes for crown rust resistance in CAV 4274. One of these, a gene conditioning resistance to most races tested, was linked or allelic to gene Pc-38, and was designated gene Pc-62. The second gene conferred resistance only to one of the six races studied, and was not tested further. In CAV 4540, a single dominant gene, Pc-63 was possibly allelic with Pc-62 and linked or allelic to Pc-38. Genes Pc-62 and 63 are generally similar to Pc-38 in their resistance spectrum, but these three genes are differentiated by races CR 102, CR 103, and CR 107. A single dominant gene in CAV 3695 appeared to be Pc-50.

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