THE DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F. SP. AVENAE ERIKSS., IN CANADA, 1952 TO 1961

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
D. J. Samborski ◽  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Physiologic Races

From 1952 to 1956 the races of crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., that predominated in Eastern Canada were 201, 202, 203, 209, 239, and 240. Races 201, 202, and 204 occurred most frequently in Western Canada. These races cannot attack the differential host variety Victoria, from which the currently grown commercial varieties Rodney and Garry derive their resistance. Garry and Rodney became widely grown in Canada by 1957, and since then races 216 and 274, which can attack Victoria, have become prominent, especially in Western Canada.More races are found in Eastern Canada than in the west, and there is less tendency for a few races to predominate in the east. These differences may be explained by the relatively frequent occurrence of the alternate host, Rhamnus cathartica L., in important oat-growing regions of Eastern Canada, and by the cultivation of large acreages of a few varieties with similar resistance in the west. The most important factor affecting the distribution and frequency of occurrence of races is the variety grown.

Assessment of virulence patterns in crown rust populations

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Virulence Pattern ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Race Identification

Two methods of determining the virulence pattern of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, populations collected in 1965, 1966, and 1967, in Eastern and Western Canada were compared. The results with a single-pustule isolate from each of 50 field collections were as accurate as those obtained with two single-pustule isolates from 100 or more field collections. The continued use of Bond and Ukraine as differential host varieties is of little value except for purposes of race identification, because they are attacked by most of the isolates.

PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF OAT CROWN RUST ISOLATED FROM AECIA ON BUCKTHORN AND THEIR RELATION TO THE RACIAL POPULATION ON OATS IN SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND MANITOBA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Physiologic Race ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
New Races ◽  
Differential Varieties

The physiologic race composition of isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Erikss., from aecia on buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., was correlated with the races isolated from oats, Avena saliva L., in southwestern Ontario and Manitoba respectively. Among the races isolated from aecia in each region, predominant were virulent races which were isolated also from infected oats growing in the buckthorn areas. This suggests strongly that the alternate host is important in initiating crown rust epiphytotics.Races virulent on Landhafer and Santa Fe oats comprised 52% of the isolates from oats and 45% of the isolates from buckthorn in Manitoba. Isolates from oats and buckthorn in Ontario were also correlated, with the most prevalent races being those virulent on Victoria and Bond. They comprised 55% and 45% of the isolates from the principal and alternate hosts respectively.Eight races of crown rust recently discovered in Canada are described in terms of their reactions on the standard set of differential varieties. It is suggested that hybridization on the alternate host would adequately account for the origin of these new races.

scholarly journals Crown Rust Development and Selection for Virulence in Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in an Oat Multiline Cultivar

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
The University

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae is the most important disease of cultivated oat in North America. Numerous race-specific (Pc) genes for crown rust have been found in Avena spp. but this type of resistance has not been durable when used in oat cultivars. Increasing diversity for resistance within a crop by the use of multiline cultivars or varietal mixtures has been proposed as a means of achieving durable resistance to highly variable pathogens such as P. coronata f. sp. avenae. Multiline cv. E77 was evaluated over multiple seasons in the University of Minnesota buckthorn nursery in St. Paul. Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, the alternate host of P. coronata) supports a sexually recombining, highly diverse crown rust population in the St. Paul nursery. Crown rust severity on flag leaves was measured multiple times on E77 and its 10 component lines during grain filling. Single-urediniospore isolates taken from crown rust samples during early stages of the epidemic and at the end of the epidemic were tested for virulence on the 10 component lines of E77 in greenhouse seedling tests. Crown rust development was reduced in E77 compared with the weighted mean of the component lines at all stages of the crown rust epidemics. The mean virulence of single-urediniospore isolates tended to increase late in the epidemic on E77. These data suggest that multilines may select for complex virulence or “super races” and any resistance effect may not be durable.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 139. Rhamnus cathartica L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirwais M Qaderi ◽  
David R Clements ◽  
Paul B Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Rhamnus Cathartica ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Aphis Glycines Matsumura

European buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is an introduced shrub or small tree of forests, thickets, open pastures, hedgerows, roadsides, and riparian habitats. In Canada, it is found from Alberta east to the Maritimes, but is absent from Newfoundland. It is particularly abundant in southern Ontario. Problems arise from its status as an alternate host for the fungi Puccinia coronata Corda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., which causes crown rust and leaf rust of oats and for Puccinia coronata var. hordei Jin & Steff., which causes crown rust of barley. It is also the overwintering host for the recently invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, which has been described as a serious threat to soybean production in North America. Prolific fruit production, in combination with extensive seedling establishment and shade tolerance, allows R. cathartica to dominate an understorey quickly. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, at least in fairly moist areas, may lead to further expansion of its Canadian range. Control strategies should focus on reducing populations in close proximity to oats, soybeans or barley and to reduce its abundance in areas of ecological importance. Key words: Rhamnus cathartica, European buckthorn, Puccinia coronata, soybean aphid, weed biology

VIRULENCE OF UREDIAL AND AECIAL ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F.SP. AVENAE IDENTIFIED IN CANADA FROM 1952 TO 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Oat Breeding

Isolates of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae collected during a 15-year period were tested for virulence on the crown rust differential oat varieties. The proportion of cultures virulent on Landhafer increased relative to others during this period, and was related to the release in the United States of commercial varieties that contained this type of resistance. These varieties served to reduce the proportion of races avirulent on Landhafer in the crown rust population that reached Canada.The occurrence and subsequent increase in frequency of isolates virulent on Victoria was correlated with the release of the oat varieties Rodney and Garry which possess part of the crown rust resistance of Victoria. The increased proportion of cultures that attacked Ukraine also paralleled the release of these two commercial varieties. This suggests that Ukraine either contains the Victoria Pc-11 gene for crown rust resistance that was transferred to Rodney and Garry, or that it contains another gene in common with these varieties.Races of crown rust that are differentially virulent on the varieties Landhafer and Santa Fe have recently been found in Canada. One culture was virulent on the variety Bondvic but not on Trispernia. No increase in race 264 of crown rust, which attacks all the differential sources of resistance except Saia, has been observed since it was first identified in Canada in 1957.Presentation of the virulence of crown rust isolates for individual types of resistance was found to express the results of race surveys in terms which were more meaningful to the oat breeding program. This form of analysis also produced valuable information on the possible relationships of genes for resistance in different oat varieties not readily obtainable from conventional information on the occurrence and distribution of physiologic races of crown rust.

ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE OF SOME OAT VARIETIES TO PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF CROWN RUST

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (6) ◽  
pp. 287-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peturson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Generalized Type

The reactions of five varieties of oats in the seedling and adult plant stages to seven physiologic races of crown rust, Puccinia coronata Corda var. Avenae Erikss. & Henn. were determined.All five varieties were completely susceptible in the seedling stage to all the races. Two varieties, Erban and Ajax, were resistant in the adult plant stage to some of the races and susceptible or moderately susceptible to others. Two other varieties, R.L. No. 1370 and R.L. No. 1510 were resistant in the adult plant stage to all the races used in this test, and apparently possess a generalized type of adult plant resistance to crown rust.

Reactions of eastern Canada oat genotypes to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Weikai Yan ◽  
Bao-luo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), is the most important disease and yield limiting factor of oat production in eastern Canada. In this study 101 oat genotypes composed of 51 cultivars and 50 breeding lines from eight oat breeding programs across Canada were evaluated for seedling reactions to six common Pca races, as well as reactions to a bulk inoculum of Pca in greenhouse trials and for adult plant resistance (APR) to natural populations of Pca in field trials in 2014 and 2015. Sixty-six genotypes showed resistant reactions to at least one of the six races; of these, 22 were resistant to all six races. These 22 genotypes also showed resistance to the bulk inoculum at the seeding stage and to the natural populations of Pca at the adult plant stage, suggesting that these current and future oat varieties have effective resistance against the common races and Pca populations in the region. Eleven genotypes, including 12ANS03, AAC Bullet, CFA1213, CFA1306, Idaho, OA1301-1w-3, OA1369-5, OA1370-2, OA1371-2, OA1383-2, and Oscar, were susceptible as seedlings but resistant as adult plants. APR is proven to be long lasting and provides broad-spectrum resistance to Pca populations. The 11 oat genotypes identified with APR in the present study are more desirable as sources of resistance for breeding programs developing durable crown rust resistant cultivars for eastern Canada.

The effectiveness of resistance genes from wild oats, Avena sterilis, against oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenue, in Canada in 1969

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

All isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, identified in Canada in 1969 were inoculated onto 12 different lines containing resistance from wild oats, Avena sterilis, collected in Europe and the Middle East. Lines that contain resistance genes Pc-38 and Pc-39, and wild oat collections CI 8081 and F158, provide effective resistance to nearly every culture of crown rust. Regional differences in the level of virulence of crown rust cultures isolated from eastern and western Canada were observed on lines that contain A. sterilis resistance, with cultures of crown rust isolated from the east being generally less virulent than those from western Canada.

Distribution of virulence in two populations of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
J. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Specific Virulence

The distributions of virulence in the eastern (Ontario and Quebec) and prairie (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) populations of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada were examined from virulence survey data in 1974 and 1990 to determine if these populations resemble previously characterized sexual or asexual cereal rust populations. Single uredinial isolates from both populations were evaluated for virulence phenotype on single gene differential host lines. The eastern and prairie populations in 1974 were dominated by relatively simple phenotypes that were avirulent or virulent to one of the single gene lines. In 1990, after virulence to crown rust resistance genes Pc39 and Pc38/Pc39 increased in frequency in the eastern and prairie populations, respectively, the eastern population had an increased proportion of isolates with virulences to one to two genes, and the prairie population was dominated by isolates with one to four virulences. Increasing virulence to Pc39 in the eastern population and Pc38 and Pc39 in the prairie population also contributed to a greater number of phenotypes in both populations in 1990 compared with 1974. The distributions of virulence differences among isolates in both populations in 1974 and 1990 appeared to be nearly random, approximating Poisson distributions. Associations between pairs of specific virulences to 10 single gene lines were examined in both populations during 1974 – 1990. Relatively few pairs of virulences in both populations were found to be nonrandomly associated. No associations between pairs of virulences persisted for more than 3 years in either population. Sexual recombination most likely functions in evenly distributing virulences among phenotypes in both populations. Key words: oat, oat crown rust, sexual reproduction, specific virulence.

Resistance and virulence in the Avena: Puccinia coronata host–parasite system in Kenya and Ethiopia

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Martens ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Host Parasite

Crown rust of oats is widespread on wild and cultivated oats in Kenya and Ethiopia. The six oat species in the area have very little resistance to crown rust, which has a wide virulence range, much wider than required for local survival. Thirteen physiologic races were identified using 10 single resistance Pc gene line cultivars. Kenya and Ethiopia appear to have distinct pathogen populations with only a few races in common.

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