Ectomycorrhizal associations in jack pine stands in northeastern Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Laccaria Proxima ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Northeastern Alberta

Ectomycorrhizae of jack pine occurring in mature stands, on bare roadsides, and in a recently burned area were compared. Fifty-six fungus associates were identified from sporocarp collections. Species of Elaphomyces, Suillus, Cortinarius, Cantharellus, and hydnums were almost exclusively limited to mature stands. Laccaria proxima, Rhizopogon rubescens. Scleroderma macrorhizon, and Astraeus hygrometricus were typically found on disturbed sites. Visual observations and direct isolations from ectomycorrhizae further indicated that the symbionts differed between the burn site and mature jack pine – lichen woodlands. A majority of the ectomycorrhizae in all sites were nondescript and could not be identified by culturing. Unlike the vascular plants, ectomycorrhizal symbionts were very numerous without any single species or small group of species dominating jack pine root systems. Pure culture syntheses confirmed that Tricholoma flavovirens, T. pessundatum, T. zelleri, Suillus flavovirens, S. albidipes, Cenococcum geophilum, Laccaria proxima. Scleroderma macrorhizon, Astraeus hygrometricus, Lactarius paradoxus, Coltrichia perennis, and Bankera fuligineo-alba were ectomycorrhizal associates of jack pine.

The effects of aluminum and calcium on the growth and nutrition of selected ectomycorrhizal fungi of jack pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. R. Browning ◽  
Thomas C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The influence of Al and Ca on the growth, in axenic culture, of three ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was examined. Isolates of Hebeloma crustuliniforme (St. Amans) Quél., Rhizopogon rubescens (Tul.) Tulasne, and Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell & Dick were obtained from basidiocarps collected in jack pine stands of different ages. Basidiocarps and the soil surrounding them were analyzed for Al and Ca, as well as other elements. Each fungal species was grown for 4 weeks in nutrient solutions containing 37, 185, 370, or 740 μM Al combined in a factorial design with 25, 125, 250, or 500 μM Ca and maintained at pH 3.8. Growth of all three fungal species was reduced at 370 μM Al. Significant interaction was found between fungal species and Al treatment for all six elements measured in mycelial tissue. Stepwise increments in external Al concentration resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and increased mycelial concentrations of Al, P, and Fe in H. crustuliniforme. High external Al levels resulted in reduced mycelial concentrations of all elements measured except Al and P in R. rubescens. In contrast, for S. tomentosus the same external Al levels increased the mycelial concentrations of all elements except Ca. The response of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi to Ca also differed. Growth of H. crustuliniforme was stimulated by stepwise increments in external Ca concentrations from 25 to 500 μM. Increments in calcium had no effect on the growth of R. rubescens. High external levels of Ca acted synergistically with high external Al concentrations to reduce growth by S. tomentosus. Unlike the other two species, the response of S. tomentosus to Al and Ca could not have been predicted from the soil and basidiocarp analyses. Alterations in Ca to Al ratios of soils may influence the succession of ectomycorrhizal fungi on conifer root systems. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, jack pine, aluminum, calcium, basidiocarps.

La Régénération préétablie dans les peuplements forestiers naturels au Québec

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Forest Cover Types

The type and abundance of advance growth has been evaluated in 421 areas representing the major forest cover types in Quebec. Advance growth has been found to be abundant in mature stands of every cover type, except jack pine, and in all ecological zones. However its composition varied with cover types: balsam fir was the main species of advance growth in fir and mixedwood stands, while black spruce dominated advance growth in black spruce and jack pine stands. Most of the black spruce advance growth was from layer origin, especially in the black spruce ecological zone. Key words: Québec, regeneration.

Negligible Cull and Growth Loss of Jack Pine Associated with Globose Gall Rust

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Mature Stands

The height and diameter of galled and unaffected jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were compared for five stands in northwestern Ontario. The severity of infection by globose gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii [J.P. Moore] Y. Hirat.) was rated as the total number of galls per tree and the number of stem galls per tree.Comparison of galled with unaffected trees in all stands showed essentially no size difference. Tree size increased relative to the number of galls per tree in one of the stands. This relationship was interpreted as reflecting that large individuals had more sites susceptible to infection. Trees were more uniform in size for the other stands and no size difference associated with numbers of galls was apparent.Galls were observed on the branches but not on the main stem of trees studied in mature stands. Hence, defect associated with the merchantable portion of the bole was nil. Both stem galls and branch galls were fairly common in young stands, an indication that jack pines with stem galls usually die as stands mature. Observations in other jack pine stands indicate that galled tissue and associated tree parts frequently do die.

Estimation de la production de jeunes plantations de pin rouge et de pin gris du sud du Québec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Bolghari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
St Lawrence River

Multiple regression equations have been developed to predict yield from young red pine and jack pine plantations. Data from 446 sample plots representing young red pine and jack pine stands located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal were analysed. The red pine plantation yielded more than the jack pine. However, in plantation both species yield more than in natural stands. Taking into account the age and spacing of the sampled plantations, the equation obtained can provide information on yield of red pine and jack pine stands the maximum spacing of which is 3 × 3 m, up to the age of 45 and 35 years respectively. The equations will allow the construction of preliminary yield tables for both species.

IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDE APPLICATION ON PARASITOIDS IN JACK PINE STANDS IN QUEBEC

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Adult Parasitoid ◽  
Pine Stands

AbstractParasitoid populations were sampled before, and for 4 years following, an aerial application of the insecticide phosphamidon to control a sawfly outbreak. Adult parasitoid mortality was high because of spraying, but a reservoir of parasitoids in host cocoons remained to repopulate the treated areas. In moister sites the number of species decreased and their relative abundance changed, but moderate numbers of parasitoids remained 4 years after spraying. In a dry site with little ground vegetation, none of the species present before spraying remained by the fourth year.

Insect Attack and Value Loss in Wind-damaged Spruce and Jack Pine Stands in Northern Ontario

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne M. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Extensive Area ◽  
Cold Fronts ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Insect Attack

The forests of northern Ontario are damaged frequently by strong winds that develop along cold fronts. Deterioration of spruce (Picea spp.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) saw timber because of wood-boring insects was studied in an extensive area of blowdown between 1969 and 1972. Sawyer beetles (Monochamus spp.) were the most important agents of degrade, but a surprising amount of damage was caused in spruce by Tetropium spp. Broken trees fared worst, but all uprooted trees were heavily attacked by 2 years after the storm. Milling studies showed about a 10% loss in all material combined 1 year after the storm, with the loss in general more than doubling in the 2nd year. The greatest loss occurred in white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), which was of greater original value than jack pine. Trees left standing were not attacked by emerging beetles but were subject to windthrow by relatively light winds. Salvage operations, when desirable, should begin as soon as possible after a blowdown and all stems, including those left standing, should be harvested at once.

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