Injury within the crown of winter wheat seedlings after freezing and icing stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen K. Tanino ◽  
Bryan D. McKersie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Tetrazolium Staining

The cells in the crown of winter wheat cv. Fredrick critical for the survival of freezing and icing stress were identified using tetrazolium staining as a viability test. In acclimated seedlings, a freezing stress which lowered regrowth (−12 °C) also lowered tetrazolium staining in the vascular transition zone in the basal portion of the crown but generally did not affect the staining of the apical meristem. The majority of cells in the crown, including the apical meristem, were able to reduce tetrazolium after a lethal freezing stress. Thus, survival was limited by the freezing tolerance of a relatively small number of cells in the basal region of the crown. These observations were confirmed using plasmolysis and mitotic figures as alternative indicies of viability. No significant variability was observed among winter wheat cultivars. However, in seedlings not acclimated to freezing stress, there was quite a different pattern of injury. In these seedlings, the sensitivity of the apical and basal regions to freezing was similar. Thus, these two regions appeared to differentially acclimate and the cells of the apical meristem developed greater cold hardiness than that of the basal area. After a lethal icing stress, all regions within the crown were able to reduce tetrazolium, but the crown was unable to regrow. The ability to reduce tetrazolium was gradually lost during the regrowth period. Unlike freezing stress, no differential sensitivity was observed within the crown, and there was no variability among the cultivars of winter wheat examined.

COLD HARDENING AND DEHARDENING RESPONSES IN WINTER WHEAT AND WINTER BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
G. FEDAK
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Time Required

Increasing the duration of freezing of Kharkov winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demonstrated that severe injury does not occur to plants at a freezing temperature (−6 C) well above the lethal temperature for at least 5 days, but progressively more damage occurs as the temperature approaches the killing point (−20 C). High levels of cold hardiness can be induced rapidly in Kharkov winter wheat if seedlings are grown for 4–6 days at 15 C day/10 C night, prior to being exposed to hardening conditions including diurnal freezing to −2 C. The cold hardiness of Kharkov and Rideau winter wheat seedlings grown from 1-yr-old seed was greater than that from 5-yr-old seed. Cold-acclimated Kharkov winter wheat and Dover winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) demonstrated the capacity to reharden after varying periods under dehardening conditions. The time required to reharden and the maximum level of hardiness attained by the plants was dependent on the amount of dehardening. Considerable rehardening was observed even when both dehardening and rehardening were carried out in the dark.

The influence of light and diurnal freezing temperature on the cold hardiness of winter wheat seedlings

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
I. A. de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Low Temperature Growth

Seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivwn cv. Rideau and Cappelle Desprez) grown on moist filter paper in petri plates in dark at low temperature increased in cold hardiness, as measured by changes in the LD50 temperatures. Rideau attained an LD50 temperature of −12 °C after 5 weeks, Cappelle Desprez, −6 °C. Exposure to light delayed the maximum hardiness by 2 weeks and increased it by 6 °C in both cultivars. Exposure to diurnal freezing temperature increased hardiness of both cultivars in the dark, and in light when excessive dehydration was prevented.Greater cold hardiness of plants of both cultivars was attained in soil in light at low temperature as compared with those in petri plates. Exposure of plants to diurnal freezing temperature maintained a higher level of hardiness after the maximum at 7 weeks than continuous low temperature without freezing. Diurnal freezing during active low temperature growth in petri plates or in soil increased hardiness of Rideau seedlings to an apparent maximum of −18 °C.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND COLD HARDENING IN YOUNG WINTER WHEAT SEEDLINGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Andrews ◽  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The ascorbic acid content of winter wheat varieties, germinated in the dark at various temperatures on the surface of moist vermiculite, was much higher at a hardening temperature of 1.5 °C than at higher temperatures of 5°, 10°, or 20 °C. There were no differences between the ascorbic acid contents of wheat grown at the three higher temperatures. Ascorbic acid content was dependent on the stage of development at all temperatures. At 1.5 °C, the ascorbic acid content increased during the first 6 weeks of growth (shoots about 15 mm) and then decreased rapidly. This variation in ascorbic acid content was closely associated with the increase and decrease in cold hardiness of wheat grown under similar conditions.Ascorbic acid content was highest in shoots, intermediate in roots, and lowest in the endosperm of wheat grown for 6 weeks at 1.5 °C.At hardening temperatures (1.5° and 3 °C) the more cold hardy winter wheat varieties had higher contents of ascorbic acid. At higher temperatures the differences between varieties were small. The ranking of varieties by ascorbic acid content could be influenced by relative stages of growth.Artificial cold hardiness was imparted to winter wheat seedlings by feeding them aqueous ascorbic acid solutions of adequate concentration. The ascorbic acid content of leaves required for artificial hardening appeared to be similar to that accumulated in sprouts hardened fully by growth at low temperature.

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Detrital subsidy alters the soil invertebrate community and reduces infection of winter wheat seedlings by Fusarium wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 103914
Author(s):  
Anton A. Goncharov ◽  
Anastasia A. Glebova ◽  
Timofey I. Chernov ◽  
Mikhail M. Karpukhin ◽  
Natalia A. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Genotoxicity of triasulfuron in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster is modulated by winter wheat seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 653 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Heres-Pulido ◽  
Samantha Lombera-Hernández ◽  
Irma Dueñas-García ◽  
Ivonne Perales-Canales ◽  
Laura Castañeda-Partida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Application of natural and synthetic polyamines as growth regulators to improve the freezing tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Todorova ◽  
I. Sergiev ◽  
V. Alexieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Weight Losses

Wheat cultivars were grown as soil culture under normal growth conditions. Twoweek- old seedlings were exposed to 4°C for 6 h and then transferred to −12°C for 24 h in the dark. Twenty-four hours before freezing stress, some of the plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of spermine, spermidine, putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The data showed that freezing stress caused a decrease in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content and plant survival rate, accompanied by a simultaneous accumulation of free proline and the enhanced leakage of electrolytes. Preliminary treatment with polyamines caused a decline in electrolyte leakage and a considerable augmentation in proline quantity, indicating that the compounds are capable of preventing frost injury. Additionally, the foliar application of polyamines retarded the destruction of chlorophyll, and lessened fresh weight losses due to freezing stress. The synthetic triamine DETA was the most effective, having the most pronounced action in all the experiments, followed by the tetraamine spermine. The application of polyamines to wheat crops could be a promising approach for improving plant growth under unfavourable growth conditions, including freezing temperatures. The results demonstrate that treatment with polyamines could protect winter wheat by reducing the stress injuries caused by subzero temperatures.

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