Range extensions of grassland species in southern interior British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2240-2242
Author(s):  
Brian M. Wikeem ◽  
Reg F. Newman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grassland Species

Field studies and herbarium searches during 1983 and 1984 have revealed range extensions of three grassland plant species in the southern interior of British Columbia. These species include Allium geyeri Wats. var. tenerum Jones, Gaura coccinea (Nutt.) Pursh, and Sidalcea oregana (Nutt.) Gray ssp. oregana var. procera C. L. Hitchc. All three taxa were previously unknown to the Kamloops area and Sidalcea oregana is new to the province and Canada.

scholarly journals Insect Visitation to Wildflowers in the Endangered Garry Oak, Quercus garryana, Ecosystem of British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Parachnowitsch ◽  
E. Elle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Introduced Honeybee ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Oak Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Pollinator

The Garry Oak Ecosystem (GOE) is a fragmented and endangered ecosystem in Canada, and is currently the focus of conservation and restoration efforts in British Columbia. However, little is known about the basic biology of GOE forbs, or their relationships with pollinating insects. We monitored wildflowers and their insect visitors in 25 quadrats within a 25 × 25 metre plot, located in a fragment of the GOE near Duncan, British Columbia, for six weeks (the majority of the flowering period). Overall, 21 native and non-native forb species flowered in our quadrats during the survey, and we observed an additional six forb species flowering outside of our quadrats. Eight forbs were visited within quadrats by a total of 13 insect taxa, identified to morphospecies. Visits by eight additional morphospecies were observed outside of the quadrats. In general, visitation was low; however, most insect morphospecies were observed visiting more than one plant species, and most plant species were visited by more than one insect morphospecies, suggesting that pollination may be generalised in this community. A Chi-squared analysis indicated that insect visitation was not proportional to the relative abundance of forbs, with higher than expected visitation to Common camas (Camassia quamash), and no observed visits to 11 species, most with very small (putatively unattractive) flowers. The most frequent insect visitor was the introduced Honeybee, Apis mellifera, followed by native mason bees (Osmia spp.) and mining bees (Andrena spp.). Our observations provide baseline data for future, detailed studies that should investigate the importance of plant-pollinator mutualisms for sustainability of populations and communities in this rare ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Use of Native Halophytes in Landscape Design in The Central Anatolia, Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Coşkun Sağlam ◽  
Serpil Önder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Halophytic Plant

In this study, the usability of some herbaceous halophytes grown naturally in salt marshes that dry most of the year in Central Anatolia Region were investigated in landscape design. Within the scope of the research, in the years of 2016 and 2017, seasonal field studies were carried out in saline habitats in the vicinity of Konya, Ankara, Aksaray and Nevşehir, and taken photographs and herbarium samples of halophytic plant species. The general botanical and ecological characteristics of the selected species are given and the values used in landscape design have been determined considering the aesthetic and functional properties. As a result of the field studies carried out during the vegetation periods, 59 halophytic plant species, belonging to 38 genera and 19 families that could be used in landscape design were identified. The most representative family was the Asteraceae with 11 species, followed by Plumbaginaceae (9 species) and Chenopodiaceae (8 species). The genus Limonium from Plumbaginaceae family is well represented with 8 species for landscape use. The endemism rate of halophytes used in landscape design is 42% (25 species) in the research area. The most common uses in landscape design are determined in roof gardens by 49 species, followed in ground conservation and erosion prevention by 31 species. Since these halophytic species, which are mostly succulent and endemic, are well adapted into both wet and dry areas. Their use in landscape design is of great importance for restoration of arid and barren land, which may increase as a result of global climate change, conservation of biodiversity as well as sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential Risk of Rock-Climbing for Cliff Plant Species and Natural Protected Areas of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indradatta deCastro-Arrazola ◽  
Martí March-Salas ◽  
Juan Lorite
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Priority Species

In recent years, the popularity of rock-climbing has grown tremendously, setting an increasing pressure on cliff habitats. Climbing may be particularly harmful in the Mediterranean biome due to its appropriate environmental conditions for climbing. A few studies have identified the effect of climbing on plant diversity at a small-scale (namely locally or even just in specific climbing areas). However, no studies exist assessing the potential risk of rock-climbing on a broad-scale (e.g., regional or national). The study aims to identify the priority locations and priority cliff plant species in Spain to focus future study efforts. Spain was selected because it is a plant biodiversity hotspot, with a great diversity of endemic and endangered species, and one of the most popular destinations for climbers. We used a geographic information system-based approach to model the spatial concurrence among Spanish climbing areas (and climbing intensity), natural protected areas (NPAs), and distribution of threatened cliff plants (and their IUCN threat category). We found that 53.5% of climbing areas in Spain are located within a NPA, most of them falling into NPAs of medium protection level. We mapped 151 threatened cliff plants, identifying four medium priority Mediterranean locations and eight priority species in which future research efforts should be focused. High-priority study locations are absent in Spain according to our spatial modeling. For the first time on a national scale, this study identifies areas in which climbing represents a potential threat for cliff habitats and threatened plants. These findings contribute to designing field studies on the effects of rock-climbing on Mediterranean cliffs, laying the groundwork for a sustainable, yet challenging, balance between the protection of these unique habitats and rock-climbing.

Seasonal dependent effects of flooding on plant species survival and zonation: a comparative study of 10 terrestrial grassland species

2006 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
W. H. J. M. van Eck ◽  
J. P. M. Lenssen ◽  
H. M. van de Steeg ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom ◽  
H. de Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Species Survival

scholarly journals Effects of bioavailable phosphorus and soil biota on typical Nardus grassland species in competition with fast-growing plant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 106880
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schelfhout ◽  
Safaa Wasof ◽  
Jan Mertens ◽  
Margot Vanhellemont ◽  
Andreas Demey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Bioavailable Phosphorus ◽  
Fast Growing

scholarly journals Host specificity of insect herbivores in tropical forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1568) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
Yves Basset
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Phylogeny

Studies of host specificity in tropical insect herbivores are evolving from a focus on insect distribution data obtained by canopy fogging and other mass collecting methods, to a focus on obtaining data on insect rearing and experimentally verified feeding patterns. We review this transition and identify persisting methodological problems. Replicated quantitative surveys of plant–herbivore food webs, based on sampling efforts of an order of magnitude greater than is customary at present, may be cost-effectively achieved by small research teams supported by local assistants. Survey designs that separate historical and ecological determinants of host specificity by studying herbivores feeding on the same plant species exposed to different environmental or experimental conditions are rare. Further, we advocate the use of host‐specificity measures based on plant phylogeny. Existing data suggest that a minority of species in herbivore communities feed on a single plant species when alternative congeneric hosts are available. Thus, host plant range limits tend to coincide with those of plant genera, rather than species or suprageneric taxa. Host specificity among tropical herbivore guilds decreases in the sequence: granivores>leaf-miners>fructivores>leaf-chewers=sap-suckers>xylophages>root-feeders, thus paralleling patterns observed in temperate forests. Differences in host specificity between temperate and tropical forests are difficult to assess since data on tropical herbivores originate from recent field studies, whereas their temperate counterparts derive from regional host species lists, assembled over many years. No major increase in host specificity from temperate to tropical communities is evident. This conclusion, together with the recent downward revisions of extremely high estimates of tropical species richness, suggest that tropical ecosystems may not be as biodiverse as previously thought.

Relationships between invasive plant species occurrence and socio-economic variables in urban green spaces of southwestern British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 126527
Author(s):  
Woongsoon Jang ◽  
Bianca N.I. Eskelson ◽  
Tasha Murray ◽  
Ken B. Crosby ◽  
Shannon Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

scholarly journals Invasive alien plant species of the southern part of the Nowogard Plain (NW Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Karolina Konopska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Nw Poland

Invasive alien plant species of the southern part of the Nowogard Plain (NW Poland)Investigations on the distribution of selected invasive plant species in southern part of the Nowogard Plain were conducted in the vegetation seasons of years 2008-2010. Field studies were based on the cartogram method. The article shows the distribution of twelve selected invasive plant species:Echinocystis lobata, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Impatiens glandulifera, Impatiens parvifora, Padus serotina, Reynoutria japonica, Robinia pseudacacia, Solidago canadensis, Solidago gigantea, Quercus rubra, Rosa rugosaandAcer negundoin the study area.

scholarly journals Partitioning the plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands across Japan

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Koyama ◽  
Tomoyo F. Koyanagi ◽  
Munemitsu Akasaka ◽  
Yoshinobu Kusumoto ◽  
Syuntaro Hiradate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Effective Conservation

AbstractEffective conservation of global species diversity requires a clear understanding of spatial scales that support overall diversity across broad scales. Abandonment of semi-natural grasslands has increased their fragmentation and decreased their areal extent. We quantified diversity patterns of plant communities in Japan across hierarchical scales to facilitate the development of an effective nationwide strategy for conserving species diversity in remnant semi-natural grasslands. We applied additive partitioning of plant species diversity, using a nested hierarchical design at three spatial scales (quadrat, grassland, and western and eastern regions of Japan) for three groups of plant species (all species, grassland species and national Red Listed species). We consistently found lower proportions of among-quadrats diversity, and higher proportions of among-grasslands diversity and between-regions diversity in the overall diversity of the entire species complement than would be expected by chance. The high contribution of among-grasslands diversity to overall diversity suggests that each grassland had a unique species content. The second-ranking contributor to overall diversity differed between grassland species and Red Listed species: the second-ranking contributor for grassland species was diversity at the among-quadrats scale but the second-ranking contributor for all species and for Red Listed species was diversity at the between-regions scale. Thus, effective conservation of diversity of the entire species complement in remnant semi-natural grasslands requires preservation of beta diversity in individual grasslands. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening local preservation and restoration activities within each grassland, and of nationwide strategies for conserving Red Listed species in remnant semi-natural grassland communities.

Field evaluation of ecological differentiation of dwarf mistletoe on shore pine and western hemlock

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith ◽  
E. F. Wass
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Varied Composition ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Ecological Races ◽  
Shore Pine

Hemloclc dwarf mistletoe (Arcenthobiiuntsugense (Rosend.) G. N. Jones) principally infects western hemlock (Tsugaheteropliylla (Raf.) Sarg.), but it is also damaging to shore pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) growing in coastal British Columbia. Stands of varied composition were studied in the Home Lake area of Vancouver Island to compare the levels of infection in shore pine and western hemlock. Infection of shore pine occurred whether or not infected hemlock trees were present in the stand. Observations and measurements from these field studies support indications from earlier artificial inoculation trials that two ecological races of A. tsugense exist.

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