The marine algae of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Gigartinales, families Caulacanthaceae and Plocamiaceae

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Gabrielson ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Type C ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Floristic Treatment ◽  
Plocamium Cartilagineum

This is a floristic treatment of the gigartinalean families Caulacanthaceae and Plocamiaceae that occur in southeast Alaska, British Columbia, and northern Washington. Caulacanthaceae is represented by one genus, Caulacanthus Kützing, and one species, the type, C. ustulatus (Mertens ex Turner) Kützing, whereas Plocamiaceae is represented by two genera, Plocamiocolax Setchell, including the type species, P. pulvinata Setchell, and Plocamium Lamouroux, including three species, P. cartilagineum (L.) Dixon, P. oregonum Doty, and P. violaceum Farlow. For each species, we provide a description of its habit and life history, vegetative and reproductive morphology, habitat and seasonality, and list its global and local distributions and the representative specimens examined. Keys are provided to genera and species where appropriate. The habit and salient vegetative and reproductive features that can be used to distinguish the taxon in the local flora are illustrated. Emended diagnoses are provided for the family Caulacanthaceae, for the genus Plocamiocolax, and for the species Plocamiocolax pulvinata and Plocamium oregonum. Reasons are given for not recognizing the northeast Pacific specimens of Plocamium cartilagineum as a distinct subspecies. Plocamium tenue Kylin is considered a synonym of P. violaceum. A neotype is designated for Plocamiocolax pulvinata. Lectotypes are designated for P. pacificum Kylin and for P. tenue Kylin.

The marine algae of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Gelidiales

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn E. Renfrew ◽  
Paul W. Gabrielson ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
First Time

The red algal order Gelidiales is represented in the benthic marine algal flora of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska by two genera, Gelidium Lamouroux and Pterocladia J. Agardh. Three species of Gelidium are present, G. coulteri Harvey, G. purpurascens Gardner, and G. vagum Okamura, and one species of Pterocladia, P. caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson. For each species we provide a description of its habit and life history, vegetative and reproductive morphology, and habitat and seasonality. Distributions and representative specimens examined are given. Keys are provided to genera and species where appropriate. Habits, and salient vegetative and reproductive features useful in identifying each species, are illustrated. Gelidium vagum is reported for the first time in the northeast Pacific and appears to have been introduced to the flora from Japan in recent historical time. Its distribution is limited to two islands in the Strait of Georgia. Gelidium purpurascens and Pterocladia caloglossoides are distributed throughout British Columbia and northern Washington, and their ranges are extended north to southeast Alaska. Earlier reports of G. amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux, G. crinale (Turner) Lamouroux, G. pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, G. robustum (Gardner) Hollenberg et Abbott, and G. sinicola Gardner from British Columbia and northern Washington are shown to have been based upon misidentifications of other taxa, and these species are excluded from the flora.

The marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Palmariales

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hawkes ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Floristic Treatment

This is a floristic treatment of benthic marine red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Palmariales that occur in British Columbia and northern Washington. Seven species (including one new species of Palmaria) in four genera are recorded as follows: Halosacciocolax kjellmanii Lund, Halosaccion glandiforme (S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht, Palmaria callophylloides Hawkes et Scagel, sp. nov., P. hecatensis Hawkes, P. mollis (Setchell et Gardner) van der Meer et Bird, Rhodophysema elegans (P. L. et H. M. Crouan ex J. Agardh) P. S. Dixon, and R. georgii Batters. Rhodophysema minus Hollenberg et Abbott is treated as a taxonomic synonym of R. elegans. An historical background of the Palmariales is provided. Also provided are revised circumscriptions of the family Palmariaceae and genera Palmaria, Halosaccion, and Rhodophysema based on recent life-history studies by other workers that demonstrate the presence of sexual reproduction in several palmarialean taxa. Keys to and descriptions of taxa (at the ordinal, familial, generic, and specific levels), as well as information on synonyms, location of type specimens, type localities, and what is known about the life histories, distribution, seasonality, and habitats of all taxa, are provided. References are given, and representative specimens are cited that document our concept of the taxa and their morphological variability, seasonality, and geographical distributions.

The marine algae of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Gigartinales, family Dumontiaceae, with an introduction to the order Gigartinales

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2202-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Lindstrom ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marine Algal

The benthic marine algal order Gigartinales (Rhodophyta) is introduced, and a key to the families found between Cross Sound, Alaska, and northern Washington is provided. The family Dumontiaceae is monographed. Ten of 16 currently recognized genera and 14 of some 48 recognized species are described and illustrated: Constantinea rosa-marina (Gmelin) Postels et Ruprecht, C. simplex Setchell, C. subulifera Setchell, Cryptosiphonia woodii (J. G. Agardh) J. G. Agardh, Dilsea California (J. G. Agardh) Kuntze, Dumontia contorta (Gmelin) Ruprecht, D. simplex Cotton, Farlowia mollis (Harvey et Bailey) Farlow et Setchell in Collins, Holden, et Setchell, Neodilsea borealis (Abbott) Lindstrom, N. natashae Lindstrom, Orculifilum denticulatum Lindstrom, Pikea californica Harvey, Thuretellopsis peggiana Kylin, and Weeksia coccinea (Harvey) Lindstrom. Farlowia compressa J. G. Agardh is recognized as a taxonomic synonym of F. mollis, and Pikea robusta Abbott as a taxonomic synonym of Pikea californica. Vegetative keys to the genera and species of the family are also included. Basionyms, synonyms, type specimens, type localities, and what is known about life histories, distributions, phenologies, and habitats of the species are given. Representative specimens are cited.

A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: bridging the Triassic Jurassic gap

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L Nicholls ◽  
Makoto Manabe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Diamond

Both the genus Shastasaurus and the family Shastasauridae have long been hard to define due to the fragmentary nature of the type specimens. Consequently, recent interpretations of the genus have been based almost entirely on Shastasaurus neoscapularis from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia. Two new specimens of this taxon, from Pink Mountain, British Columbia, demonstrate that it does not belong in the genus Shastasaurus. This paper describes the new specimens, and refers the species to Metashastasaurus gen nov. Post-cranially, the skeleton of Metashastasaurus resembles that of shastasaurids, differing primarily only in the shape of the scapula and fibula. However, the skull has a unique combination of characters, including large diamond-shaped frontals that enter the supratemporal fenestrae, and very narrow posterior extensions of the nasals, which contact the postfrontals. It also differs from the skull of Shastasaurus in the presence of both a parietal ridge and postparietal shelf. This is a combination of derived characters previously known only in Jurassic forms. The front limb has four proximal carpals and four digits, indicating that previous reconstructions were based on incomplete material. Shastasaurus pacificus Merriam 1895, the type species of the genus Shastasaurus, must be considered a nomen dubium, making the genus Shastasaurus invalid. Until this problem is clarified, the use of the generic name Shastasaurus should be restricted to Merriam's type specimens, of which only Shastasaurus alexandrae and Shastasaurus osmonti are based on adequate material.

Terebellidae (Polychaeta) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Banse
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Northeast Pacific Ocean

Betapista dekkerae, new genus and new species, is described. The generic diagnoses for Laphania and Scionides are improved after inspection of the holotypes of the type species. Eupolymnia heterobranchia (syn., E. crescentis) is redescribed. Additions to the descriptions, based on study of type material, are made for Laphania boecki (new record, Northeast Pacific), Neoamphitrite robusta (syn., Scionides dux), Neoleprea californica and N. spiralis, Pista brevibrunchiata (new record, British Columbia [B.C.], Washington [WA], Japan) and P. fratrella, and Polycirrus californicus (new record, B.C., WA, syn., P. perplexus). Other additions to the descriptions are provided for Amaeana occidentalis (new record, B.C.) and Pista cristata. Two further Pista species (one from the Skagerrak) and five Polycirrus species are charcterized but not named. Other new records are Lanassa venusta venusta (B.C.), Lysilla loveni, and Neoleprea japonica (the two latter for Northeast Pacific). Lysilla pacifica, Pista fasciata, and P. fratrella are shown not to be members of the fauna of British Columbia and Washington. Presumably, neither is Polycirrus caliendrum. New observations on the types of the Antarctic Polycirrus kerguelensis and Ereutho kerguelensis are noted.Key words: Betapista n.g., Neoleprea, new records, Northeast Pacific, Pista, Polycirrus, Scionides, Terebellidae

The marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Rhodymeniales

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hawkes ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
California Flora ◽  
Floristic Treatment

This is a floristic treatment of benthic marine red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Rhodymeniales which occur in British Columbia and northern Washington. The following 12 species in 9 genera are recorded and illustrated: Botryocladia pseudodichotoma (Farlow) Kylin, Fauchea fryeana Setchell, Fauchea laciniata J. G. Agardh, Faucheocolax attenuata Setchell, Fryeella gardneri (Setchell) Kylin, Gastroclonium subarticulatum (Turner) Kützing, Lomentaria hakodatensis Yendo, Minium parvum Moe, Rhodymenia californica Kylin, Rhodymenia pacifica Kylin, Rhodymenia pertusa (Postels et Ruprecht) J. Agardh, and Rhodymeniocolax botryoidea Setchell. Rhodymenia stipitata Kylin is treated as a taxonomic synonym of Rhodymenia pertusa. Previous reports of Coeloseira parva Hollenberg from British Columbia and Leptofauchea auricularis Dawson and Leptofauchea pacifica Dawson from northern Washington were based on misidentifications or could not be confirmed. Also provided is a historical background of the Rhodymeniales. Keys to and descriptions of local taxa (at the ordinal, familial, and generic levels), as well as information on synonyms, location of type specimens, type localities, and what is known about the life histories, distribution, seasonality, and habitats of all local taxa, are provided. Rhodymenialean species occurring in British Columbia and northern Washington which are also reported in the California flora are listed, as are those which are restricted to one or the other flora. References are given and representative specimens cited that document our concepts of the taxa and their morphological variability, seasonality, and geographical distributions.

Observations on the migrations of North Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Darling ◽  
Daniel J. McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Megaptera Novaeangliae ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
White Pigment ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Northeast Pacific

Migratory destinations of northeast Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were determined by repeat sightings of photographically identified individuals, using the black and white pigment patterns on the ventral side of the flukes. Individuals identified between 1975 and 1982 included 1056 in Hawaii, 420 in southeast Alaska, 54 in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 8 in British Columbia, and 12 in the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico. Of these, 51 were found in Hawaii and southeast Alaska, 8 in Hawaii and Prince William Sound, 1 in Hawaii and British Columbia, and 1 in Mexico and Hawaii. Some travelled for four, five, and six successive seasons between Hawaii and southeast Alaska. One whale was found in British Columbia one summer and in southeast Alaska the next; the same individuals were commonly found off both Kona, Hawaii, and West Maui in winter. The study suggests that separate summer feeding areas may exist in the northeast Pacific where individuals prefer to feed. Migratory connections suggest that all humpbacks in the eastern North Pacific are of the same stock.

Vertical Distributions of Some Benthic Marine Algae in a British Columbia Inlet, as Related to Some Environmental Factors

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis D. Druehl
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Costaria Costata ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The vertical distribution of 12 benthic marine algae and one animal are described for Indian Arm, an inlet in British Columbia. In general, the vertical distributions had distinct limits and the relative vertical positions of the species were constant throughout the inlet. The relative vertical distributions of the biota within the inlet are essentially the same as described for the northeast Pacific by other authors concerned with the same biotic elements. However, the upper limits of Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamouroux, Costaria costata (Turn.) Saunders, and Constantinea subulifera Setchell are from 1 to 3 m lower within the inlet than elsewhere, whereas those of Agarum cribosum Bory, Fucus evanescens C. Agardh, and Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt are essentially the same within and outside of the inlet. For the remaining species studied (Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Greville, E. linza (L.) J. Agardh, E. intestinalis (L.) Link, Monostroma fuscum (Postels & Ruprecht) Wittrock, Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, Navicula grevillei (C. Ag.) Cleve, and Balanus glandulus (Darwin)) there were no comparable distribution data outside of the inlet.Available data suggest the deepening of the upper limits of some algae in Indian Arm reflects their intolerance to the high temperature and low salinity of the surface waters of the inlet.

A Synopsis of the Benthic Marine Algae of British Columbia, Northern Washington and Southeast Alaska

Taxon ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Isabella A. Abbott ◽  
R. F. Scagel ◽  
D. J. Garbary ◽  
L. Golden ◽  
M. W. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Southeast Alaska
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