Vegetation patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. III. Salinity and elevation as factors influencing plant zonations

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2967-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Earle ◽  
K. A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Community Types

Plant zonations and selected environmental variables were studied in a subarctic coastal marsh at Ekwan Point, James Bay, Ont. Eight distinct community types were identified using two-way indicator species analysis classification (TWINSPAN). These were interpreted as a primary successional sequence. The eight communities were found to conform closely to the classical marsh zonations based on elevation and tidal influence: (1) lower salt marsh, (2) middle salt marsh, (3) upper salt marsh, (4) saline meadow, (5) freshwater meadow, and (6) freshwater fen. Environmental data collected along the vegetation transects indicated that changes in elevation and soil-water salinity probably influence species distributions. A species ordination using detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) revealed several trends in plant distribution patterns. Consideration of the environmental affinities of species separated along three ordination axes suggested that salinity and elevation, water content, and soil texture were probably important factors influencing successional processes in the marsh during at least the last century. An inverse salinity gradient, which has been reported at many sites along the west coast of Hudson and James bays, was not found at Ekwan Point.

Vegetation patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. I. Environmental factors on the south coast

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kern Ewing ◽  
K. A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Freshwater Inputs ◽  
Peat Formation

Coastal wetlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands along southern James Bay are generated by a positive water balance, low relief, and a rising land surface. Marshes, dominated by sedges and grasses, and separated by beach ridges, occur between unvegetated intertidal flats and the inland boreal forest. Bay waters, affected by currents, shallow depths, and large freshwater inputs from major rivers in the Hudson Bay drainage, are brackish. Off the coast at the Harricanaw River, surface salinity in the bay is <4 ppt while soil water salinities in the adjacent marsh are higher. Standing water and tidal water in contact with vegetation often measure 0 ppt salinity. Plant communities adapted to brackish water have developed. Using two-way indicator species analysis classification, twelve widespread community types were recognized. Ordination using detrended correspondence analysis revealed gradients of salinity, elevation, drainage, vegetation development, complexity, and peat formation, and separated coastal from estuarine communities. An inverse salinity gradient, which has been reported elsewhere in James Bay, was not found; explanations are proposed for isolated areas of high salinity.

Grass phytoliths in surface sediments of the Sunderbans, India and their implications in reconstructing past deltaic environmental changes

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110417
Author(s):  
Madhab Naskar ◽  
Ruby Ghosh ◽  
Sayantani Das ◽  
Dipak Kumar Paruya ◽  
Binod Saradar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Tidal Influence ◽  
Mangrove Environment ◽  
Mangrove Associate

Reliability of grass phytoliths for discriminating different deltaic sub-environments has been assessed on the modern surface sediments collected along the salinity gradient of the Sunderbans delta, India. It has been observed that grass phytolith assemblages can successfully distinguish different deltaic sub-environments especially the true mangrove zones from the mangrove associate and non-mangrove zones with minor overlaps, which further corroborated with the results of discriminant analysis (DA). Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) performed on the surface grass phytolith data show that salinity is the most crucial environmental parameter influencing grass phytolith distribution in the deltaic sub-environments. The potential of modern grass phytolith data in reconstructing past deltaic environmental changes has been further assessed on a late Quaternary fossil phytolith spectra from the Sunderbans spanning a sedimentary record for the last ~13.6 ka. A true mangrove environment with discernible tidal influence has been revealed between 13.6 and 3.9 ka. Absence of true mangrove–indicator grass phytoliths between ~3.9 and 2.2 ka further suggests disappearance of mangrove vegetation from this part of the Sunderbans which might have recolonized during ~2.2–0.8 ka. A mangrove associated or non-mangrove environment with little or no tidal influence came into existence in the study area since 0.8 ka onwards. A comparison with some earlier records suggests that the present grass phytolith-based palaeoenvironmental data shows conformity with the past dynamics in mangrove ecosystem in the east coast of India in respect to relative sea level changes.

Takhtajan's floristic regions and foliicolous lichen biogeography: a compatibility analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lücking
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
East African ◽  
Foliicolous Lichens ◽  
North East ◽  
Compatibility Analysis

AbstractTakhtajan's floristic regions of the world, based on vascular plant distribution, were used for a comparative analysis of foliicolous lichen biogeography. Of the 35 regions distinguished by that author, 23 feature foliicolous lichens. The South-East African, Fijian, Polynesian and Hawaiian regions lack sufficient information and were excluded from further analysis. Using multi-dimensional scaling and cluster and cladistic analyses, the remaining 19 regions were grouped into six lichenogeographical regions: (1) Neotropics, (2) African Paleotropics (including Madagascar, Réunion and Seychelles), (3) Eastern Paleotropics (including North-East Australia and New Caledonia), (4) Valdivian region (temperate rainforest in southern South America), (5) Tethyan region (subtropical areas of Macaronesia, Mediterranean, and Western Irano-Turanian) and (6) Neozealandic-Tasmanian region (temperate rainforests of New Zealand and Tasmania). Affinities between these six large scale regions, with 57–77% shared species, are still stronger than those between the 35 smaller scale regions denned by Takhtajan [(20−)40–60(−75)% shared species]. Based on presence/absence within each of the six regions, 22 potential distribution patterns were defined for foliicolous lichens. Many species are widely distributed; 21% are cosmopolitan or pantropical, while 19% are disjunct on at least two continents, and only 60% are restricted to one of the three major tropical areas (nearly 100% in vascular plants). Most of the latter are found in the Neotropics, while the African Paleotropics are poor in endemics. Most genera deviate significantly from overall distribution patterns; for example, Strigula and Calopadia have higher proportions of widely distributed species, while Porina displays a concentration of Eastern Paleotropical endemics. Species diversity and composition of the six regions indicate that the three extra-tropical foliicolous lichen biotas (Valdivian, Tethyan, Neozealandic-Tasmanian) are the result of partly separate evolutionary histories. On the other hand, there is a strong affinity between the Neotropics and the African Paleotropics, suggesting a shared Western Gondwanan element in the foliicolous lichen biotas of these two regions.

Plant distribution along an elevational gradient in a macrotidal salt marsh on the west coast of Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwan Bang ◽  
Mi-Jung Bae ◽  
Eun Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
The West ◽  
West Coast Of Korea

Photoperiod-Specific Within-Plant Distribution of the Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234-1240
Author(s):  
James P Glover ◽  
Gregory A Sword ◽  
Michael J Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Bug Detection ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Floral Bracts

Abstract Sampling methods for detecting stink bugs are intensive, time-consuming, and yield variable results. In a 2-yr mark-release-observe experiment, over 500 adult green stink bugs, Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), were used to test for variation in nocturnal and diurnal insect distribution patterns on cotton. Field-collected stink bugs were marked or unmarked with nontoxic fluorescent sharpie markers, released, and monitored in cotton fields at peak bloom. Stink bugs were monitored visually during day and night, aided by a handheld blacklight for nighttime observations. Within-cotton distribution insect observations were categorized by plant section (i.e., bottom, middle, and top branches), by fruiting positions and leaf surface, and by concealed or exposed orientation on floral bracts and leaf surfaces. Green stink bugs were primarily distributed on the middle and top branches irrespective of photoperiod, and on bolls in first position from the main stem. Differences in stink bugs observed concealed or exposed on fruiting structures were detected. During daytime, stink bugs were primarily observed inside the bract of bolls, and when detected on leaves concealed on the lower surface. In contrast, stink bugs were primarily outside the bract of bolls at night, and when detected on leaves were exposed on an upper surface. These results support focus on assessing internal boll injury for evaluating stink bug injury to avoid the challenges in stink bug detection observed here, and point to additional study to refine stink bug density estimation when needed.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Coexistence of Two Brachyuran Crabs, Helice Tridens and Parasesarma Plicatum, in an Estuarine Salt Marsh, Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Kuroda ◽  
Keiji Wada ◽  
Mahito Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Brachyuran Crabs

The intertidal macrofauna of Nigg Bay

1986 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 113-141
Author(s):  
D. Raffaelli ◽  
P. R. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Median Particle Diameter ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Rich Fauna ◽  
Factor Governing

SynopsisSurveys of the intertidal macrofauna and sediment characters of Nigg Bay, Moray Firth, were carried out between 1981 and 1985. Permanent stations were located at the intersections of a half-kilometre grid covering the entire intertidal area and sampled for infauna, using replicate cores. Estimates were also made of mussel and lugworm densities from quadrats and cast counts respectively. The biomasses of selected species that constitute important resources for higher trophic levels were also estimated. The sediment for each station was analysed for median particle diameter and silt content.The infaunal data were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. This indicated that tidal height was the most important factor governing the distribution and abundance of the intertidal communities. Sediment characters were only poorly related to distribution patterns.The bay has a rich fauna and is biologically similar to other outer bays of the Moray Firth, which, like Nigg, are important areas for wildfowl and waders. Comparisons of survey data from different years indicate that there are natural cycles in some sediment and biological characters of Nigg Bay.

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