Photoperiod-Specific Within-Plant Distribution of the Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1234-1240
Author(s):  
James P Glover ◽  
Gregory A Sword ◽  
Michael J Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Bug Detection ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Floral Bracts

Abstract Sampling methods for detecting stink bugs are intensive, time-consuming, and yield variable results. In a 2-yr mark-release-observe experiment, over 500 adult green stink bugs, Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), were used to test for variation in nocturnal and diurnal insect distribution patterns on cotton. Field-collected stink bugs were marked or unmarked with nontoxic fluorescent sharpie markers, released, and monitored in cotton fields at peak bloom. Stink bugs were monitored visually during day and night, aided by a handheld blacklight for nighttime observations. Within-cotton distribution insect observations were categorized by plant section (i.e., bottom, middle, and top branches), by fruiting positions and leaf surface, and by concealed or exposed orientation on floral bracts and leaf surfaces. Green stink bugs were primarily distributed on the middle and top branches irrespective of photoperiod, and on bolls in first position from the main stem. Differences in stink bugs observed concealed or exposed on fruiting structures were detected. During daytime, stink bugs were primarily observed inside the bract of bolls, and when detected on leaves concealed on the lower surface. In contrast, stink bugs were primarily outside the bract of bolls at night, and when detected on leaves were exposed on an upper surface. These results support focus on assessing internal boll injury for evaluating stink bug injury to avoid the challenges in stink bug detection observed here, and point to additional study to refine stink bug density estimation when needed.

An Improved Trap for Monitoring Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Apple and Peach Orchards

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Hogmire ◽  
Tracy C. Leskey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Acrosternum Hilare ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Capture Mechanism ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Capture of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in apple orchards with yellow pyramid traps baited with Euschistus spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aggregation pheromone, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate, was 4 fold greater when traps were topped with a 3.8-L jar with a 1.6 cm diameter opening and trimmed wire edging than with a 1.9-L jar with a 5 cm diameter opening with no wire edging. Stink bug capture in the 3.8-L jar top was unaffected by the presence or size of an insecticide ear tag, indicating that this improved design led to increased captures by reducing escape. Sixty-four percent fewer stink bugs escaped from 3.8-L jar tops with the improved capture mechanism than from the 1.9-L jar tops. Green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), was more susceptible to the presence of the insecticide ear tag than the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), with dusky stink bug, E. tristigmus (Say), exhibiting high mortality in traps with and without ear tags. Among baited and unbaited pyramid traps with different visual stimuli, fewer captures were recorded in black pyramid traps than in clear, yellow, green or white pyramid traps. Similar numbers of brown stink bugs were captured in yellow pyramid traps deployed on the ground between trees or on horizontal branches within trees in the orchard border row. Captures of dusky and green stink bugs were greater in the tree pyramid, especially from August to mid-October. Relationships between stink bug capture and injury will need to be determined before this trap can be incorporated as a decision-making tool in pest management programs.

Damage to Soybean by Acrosternum hilare (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Young ◽  
J. K. Greene ◽  
G. M. Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Acrosternum Hilare ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

A series of field-cage experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in southeast Arkansas to measure the impact of feeding by green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), on soybean yield and seed damage. Stink bugs were collected from local soybean fields and released in 1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 m walk-in screen cages at densities of 0, 3, 9, and 18 bugs per row-m on maturity group (MG) IV and MG V soybean at different stages of crop phenological development. Damaged seed at harvest was significantly related to caged density of A. hilare in most of the cage experiments. Yield loss was associated with density of caged bugs in 7 of 11 different experiments and ranged from 13.4–60.5 kg/ha (0.2–0.9 bu/a) lost per bug per row-m. MG IV and MG V soybean were similarly impacted by density of A. hilare when exposed at the same stage of crop development. Feeding by small and large nymphs at early (R2–R3) and mid (R5–R6) reproductive stages resulted in significant yield loss. Feeding damage was apparent on late reproductive stage soybean (R7–R8), but no measurable impact on yield was observed. This suggested that thresholds could be raised or control efforts could be terminated for stink bugs infesting R7–R8 stage soybean. Damage due to feeding by stink bugs is related to various factors, but crop phenology, density of bugs, and length of infestation time are consistent and predictable influences that are interrelated, and all should be considered in determining the need to control field populations.

scholarly journals A transcriptomic and proteomic atlas of expression in the Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) midgut suggests the compartmentalization of xenobiotic metabolism and nutrient digestion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Denecke ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Aris Ilias ◽  
Vassilis Douris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Stink bugs are an emerging threat to crop security in many parts of the globe, but there are few genetic resources available to study their physiology at a molecular level. This is especially true for tissues such as the midgut, which forms the barrier between ingested material and the inside of the body. Results Here, we focus on the midgut of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula and use both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to create an atlas of expression along the four compartments of the anterior-posterior axis. Estimates of the transcriptome completeness were high, which led us to compare our predicted gene set to other related stink bugs and Hemiptera, finding a high number of species-specific genes in N. viridula. To understand midgut function, gene ontology and gene family enrichment analyses were performed for the most highly expressed and specific genes in each midgut compartment. These data suggested a role for the anterior midgut (regions M1-M3) in digestion and xenobiotic metabolism, while the most posterior compartment (M4) was enriched in transmembrane proteins. A more detailed characterization of these findings was undertaken by identifying individual members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and nutrient transporters thought to absorb amino acids or sugars. Conclusions These findings represent an initial step to understand the compartmentalization and physiology of the N. viridula midgut at a genetic level. Future studies will be able to build on this work and explore the molecular physiology of the stink bug midgut.

Seasonal Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and Other Polyphagous Species in a Multi-Crop Environment in South Arkansas

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Smith ◽  
Randall G. Luttrell ◽  
Jeremy K. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine seasonal abundance of major pentatomid, noctuid, and mirid pests in a multicrop environment in south Arkansas. Replicated field plots (~0.1 ha) containing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), nonBt cotton, Bt corn, Zea mays (L.), genetically engineered to express the Cry 1Ab toxin of B. thuringiensis, nonBt corn, maturity group (MG) III, IV, V, and VI soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, were planted each year. Crop preferences of 3 stink bug species [southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say)] were recorded and observations also were made on the relative abundance of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beavois). Significantly higher densities of stink bugs were present in MG IV soybean than in all other crops in July and August during all 3 yrs of study. Densities of heliothines were significantly greater in grain sorghum and corn than in other crops during July. Tarnished plant bugs were most commonly observed in cotton. Preferences of these polyphagous pests for different crops at specific stages of phenological development appear to be predictable aspects of insect behavior that may be exploited in trap crops or other landscape management systems.

Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2732-2738
Author(s):  
Kukuh Hernowo ◽  
Kathy Kamminga ◽  
Jeffrey A Davis
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Redbanded Stink Bug ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Oebalus Pugnax ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Rice Stink Bug

Abstract Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push–pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust. Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.

Efficacy of Insecticides Against Acrosternum hilare and Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Virginia and North Carolina

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Kamminga ◽  
D. Ames Herbert ◽  
Thomas P. Kuhar ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Amanda Koppel
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Acrosternum Hilare ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays and field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as a chitin inhibitor, novaluron, against 2 common stink bug pests in Virginia, the green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say). Green bean dip bioassays revealed differences in insecticide susceptibility between the 2 species. Acrosternum hilare adults were highly susceptible to all pyrethroids tested, the organophosphates except acephate, and the neonicotinoids except acetamiprid. Acrosternum hilare nymphs were also susceptible to all pyrethroids tested. In general, the neonicotinoids, dinotefuran and clothianidin, were toxic to A. hilare, whereas thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were toxic to E. servus. In field trials in soybean, the neonicotinoids, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were efficacious at controlling stink bugs and, in general, performed comparably to the organophosphates and pyrethroids. These results indicate that neonicotinoid insecticides offer an alternative to growers for managing stink bugs that may fit with integrated pest management programs where conservation of natural enemies is a consideration.

scholarly journals A transcriptomic and proteomic atlas of expression in the Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) midgut suggests the compartmentalization of xenobiotic metabolism and nutrient digestion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Denecke ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Benjamin Buer ◽  
Aris Ilias ◽  
Vassilis Douris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Step ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Stink bugs are an emerging threat to crop security in many parts of the globe, but there are few genetic resources available to study their physiology at a molecular level. This is especially true for tissues such as the midgut, which forms the barrier between ingested material and the inside of the body. Results Here, we focus on the midgut of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula and use both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to create an atlas of expression along the four compartments of the anterior-posterior axis. Estimates of the transcriptome completeness were high, which led us to compare our predicted gene set to other related stink bugs and Hemiptera, finding a high number of species-specific genes in N. viridula. To understand midgut function, gene ontology and gene family enrichment analyses were performed for the most highly expressed and specific genes in each midgut compartment. These data suggested a role for the anterior midgut (regions M1-M3) in digestion and xenobiotic metabolism, while the most posterior compartment (M4) was enriched in transmembrane proteins. A more detailed characterization of these findings was undertaken by identifying individual members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and nutrient transporters thought to absorb amino acids or sugars. Conclusions These findings represent an initial step to understand the compartmentalization and physiology of the N. viridula midgut at a genetic level. Future studies will be able to build on this work and explore the molecular physiology of the stink bug midgut.

Intravernal Changes in the Level of Parasitization of the Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), by the Feather-Legged Fly (Diptera: Tachinidae): Host Sex, Mating Status, and Body Size as Correlated Factors

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denson Kelly McLain ◽  
Nancy Brannen Marsh ◽  
Jerome Rene Lopez ◽  
Jonathan Allen Drawdy
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
The Relationship

In 1989, the number of eggs of the parasitoid, Trichopoda pennipes (F.), on the cuticle of southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.), increased throughout the spring for the cohort emerging from overwintering diapause. Initially, the size of N. viridula males was positively correlated with the number of parasitoid eggs and probability of mating. By late spring, mating status was not influenced by size and the relationship between size and number of parasitoid eggs was much reduced. This may reflect a loss of viability for larger, more parasitized males resulting in a concomitant reduction in attractiveness to potential mates and parasitoids. The proportion of males in the cohort dropped significantly and coincidentally with increased levels of parasitization. Throughout the spring, females were parasitized much less than males. The risk of parasitization for females derived primarily from their association with males during courtship and/or copulation.

scholarly journals Role of reactive oxygen species and isoflavonoids in soybean resistance to the attack of the southern green stink bug

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9956
Author(s):  
Ivana Sabljic ◽  
Jesica A. Barneto ◽  
Karina B. Balestrasse ◽  
Jorge A. Zavala ◽  
Eduardo A. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Green Stink Bug

Southern green stink bugs (Nezara viridula L.) are one of the major pests in many soybean producing areas. They cause a decrease in yield and affect seed quality by reducing viability and vigor. Alterations have been reported in the oxidative response and in the secondary metabolites in different plant species due to insect damage. However, there is little information available on soybean-stink bug interactions. In this study we compare the response of undamaged and damaged seeds by Nezara viridula in two soybean cultivars, IAC-100 (resistant) and Davis (susceptible), grown under greenhouse conditions. Pod hardness, H2O2 generation, enzyme activities in guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as lipoxygenase expression and isoflavonoid production were quantified. Our results showed a greater resistance of IAC-100 to pod penetration, a decrease in peroxide content after stink bug attack, and higher GPOX, CAT and SOD activities in seeds due to the genotype and to the genotype-interaction with the herbivory treatment. Induction of LOX expression in both cultivars and higher production of isoflavonoids in IAC-100 were also detected. It was then concluded that the herbivory stink bug induces pathways related to oxidative stress and to the secondary metabolites in developing seeds of soybean and that differences between cultivars hold promise for a plant breeding program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document