Modeling Grounding Systems for Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis

In recent years, the development of smart grids for power distribution and the increasing usage of 5G communication networks have played a large impact on the resilience and reliability of grounding systems. Unexpected electromagnetic coupling between a communication tower and the one used for the electric power networks may pose a threat to the suitable performance of either system as one must assure that electromagnetic compatibility together with unexpected transient issues is within reasonable parameters. This requires wideband modeling of a grounding system, typically carried out using numerical approaches based on the Method of Moments. This modeling is implied in numerous segments to represent the conductors involved and the numerical solution of a double integral for each one of these segments. The modified nodal formulation used to obtain system voltages and branch currents is first solved in the frequency domain, leading to a heavy computational burden and a time-consuming simulation. This chapter briefly reviews the procedure used to model grounding grids and presents some results to illustrate the typical behavior. Afterward, a more complex system comprising a case of electromagnetic coupling is then analyzed to illustrate the impact of nearby grounding grids.

The Compatibility Analysis of Human Resources Competencies of Makassar New Port (MNP) and its Curriculum

Human resources or HR are needed by companies at various scales, be it a large scale or even a small scale. Makassar New Port as a modern organization that developed kept up with the times, implemented a high competency standard in every level of work unit. To analyze the compatibility analysis of human resources competencies of Makassar New Port (MNP) towards curriculum of diploma IV port and shipping management department. The research was held in Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar. The aim of this research to map the competencies of Makassar New Port Human Resources related to Diploma IV Port and Shipping Management Department Curriculums. The main informants in this research were the MNP staff who were assigned as many as 7 informants. The subjects in this study were 44 Makassar New Port employees, but only 7 were the research subjects. The location of this research was carried out at the Makassar New Port Office. The research was conducted in the Even semester in Academic Year 2019/2020, which was from February to October 2020. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and observation methods the result of the research mentioned that there are 3 variables should be developed to be qualified as Makassar New Port Human Resources Competence which are; Port Business, Port and Logistics, and Port Management. The research results were a consensus obtained from all respondents regarding the variables that affect port competence. And there are 3 variables that have the potential to be developed, namely port business, ports and logistics, and port management.

Color Conceptosphere of the Story “Meshcherskaya Side” by K. Paustovsky

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct a fragment of K. Paustovsky’s coloristic picture of the world on the material of the story “Mescherskaya side”, which had not previously become the subject of special research carried out from the standpoint of linguistics of color, which determines the scientific novelty of this work. The research methodology is based on the descriptive and analytical method, the method of compatibility analysis, the method of contextual analysis, quantitative data processing. As the result of the research 1) the composition of color concepts, actualized by the writer in color chronotope creation, was revealed; only the color core of the story is represented by 24 color terms; 2) the dominants of the story color spectrum (black, green, gray) were determined; this color sequence is unique: it is recorded in Paustovsky’s works for the first time; 3) the color dominants denotative spheres (predominantly nature, artifacts, man) were established; 4) the functional potential of color terms was described; it includes the ontological function, the species function, the terminological function, as well as the function of temporal meaning transfer, the evaluative function, the aestheticization one; 5) the individual author’s specificity of artistic perception and reality coloristic visualization was revealed; among the significant color individual features are multicolor effect, non-stereotyped color characteristics, color associativity. The results obtained make it possible to create a comprehensive description of the story’s color conceptosphere.

A AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE Nº 4.439 EM FACE DAS TEORIAS DA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE HANS KELSEN E CARL SCHMITT

No século XX, os pensadores Hans Kelsen e Carl Schmitt travaram um embate sobre a quem incumbiria a guarda da Constituição. Para aquele, a tarefa seria de um órgão técnico, qual seja, uma corte constitucional, capaz de uma análise de compatibilidade entre normas de hierarquia superior com as de hierarquia inferior. Para Schmitt, por outro lado, ao chefe de Estado caberia tal responsabilidade, por ser detentor da vontade política e, assim, mostrar-se afim aos anseios populares; sendo a Constituição uma decisão política, o representante do povo teria legitimidade para protegê-la, de acordo com a vontade pública. Discute-se, neste estudo, a qual teoria o Supremo Tribunal Federal se aproximou, quando do julgamento da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4.439, em que se decidiu pela compatibilidade do ensino religioso de natureza confessional e matrícula facultativa, na rede pública de ensino, com a Constituição Federal de 1988, isto é, se a argumentação desenvolvida pela Corte Maior se reveste de caráter técnico, como pretendia Kelsen, ou se consideram os pensamentos do povo brasileiro, como defendido por Schmitt. Conclui-se que, pela análise de votos dos Ministros do Pretório Excelso, a argumentação técnica restou vencida por uma argumentação jurídica e de ordem política, em consonância com a vontade popular, distanciando a atuação do STF da guarda da Carta Política tal como pretendida por Hans Kelsen. A metodologia empregada é a revisão bibliográfica, sob o método dedutivo. THE DIRECT UNCONSTITUTIONALITY ACTION 4.439 UNDER HANS KELSEN’S AND CARL SCHMITT’S CONSTITUTIONAL THEORIES PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT In the 20th century, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt raised an issue about who was responsible for The Guardian of the Constitution. For Kelsen, a technical body would be held responsible, wherever, a constitutional court, qualified to a compatibility analysis between superior hierarchy and inferior hierarchy. For Schmitt, on the other hand, the Head of State would bear such responsibility, for being the holder of the political will, and thus depicting popular aspirations; being the Constitution a political decision, the representative of the people would have the legitimacy to protect it, in accordance with the will of the people. In this study, it is discussed which theory the Supreme Court approached, in the judgment of Direct Unconstitutionality Action 4.439, in which, it was decided in favor of the compatibility of the confessional natural theology nature and the elective enrollment in public school systems, with the Federal Constitution of 1988, that is, if the arguments developed by the Major Court holds a technical character, as Kelsen intended, or if they consider the thoughts of Brazilian people, as defended by Schmitt. It is concluded that, by the analysis of the votes of the Ministers of Praetorium Excelso, the technical argument was defeated by a legal and political argument, in agreement with the popular will, intervening the performance of the STF from the custody of the Political Charter as intended by Hans Kelsen. The methodology used was the literature review, under the deductive method. Keywords: Direct Unconstitutionality Action. Hans Kelsen. Carl Schmitt. Theory of Constitution. Secularism.