Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Carica papaya × Carica cauliflora cultured in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Chen ◽  
C. C. Chen ◽  
D. N. Wang ◽  
F. C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Hybrid Embryo

Somatic embryos were induced directly on immature embryos of Carica papaya × Carica cauliflora hybrids cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog's medium. When transferred to medium supplemented with abscisic acid, individual somatic embryos proliferated numerous daughter embryos through repeated embryogenesis. Light microscopic study of the repeatedly embryogenic cultures showed that daughter embryos arose from single superficial cells of parent embryos. Plant regeneration occurred following transfer of somatic embryos to medium devoid of plant growth regulators. Regenerated plants were intermediate between C. papaya and C. cauliflora in several morphological respects and showed isozyme patterns specific to both species as well as some new bands, indicating that they are indeed interspecific hybrids. Key words: Carica, interspecific hybrid, embryo culture, somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghan Singh Maloth ◽  
Rajinikanth Marka ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Regenerated Plants

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.

scholarly journals Cell suspension culture and plant regeneration of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucymeire Souza Morais-Lino ◽  
Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
José Raniere Ferreira de Santana ◽  
Adilson Kenji Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Cell Suspension Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Male Flowers

The objective of this study was to establish cell suspension culture and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of a Brazilian plantain, cultivar Terra Maranhão, AAB. Immature male flowers were used as explant source for generating highly embryogenic cultures 45 days after inoculation, which were used for establishment of cell suspension culture and multiplication of secondary somatic embryos. Five semisolid culture media were tested for differentiation, maturation, somatic embryos germination and for plant regeneration. An average of 558 plants per one milliliter of 5% SCV (settled cell volume) were regenerated in the MS medium, with 11.4 µM indolacetic acid and 2.2 µM 6-benzylaminopurine. Regenerated plants showed a normal development, and no visible somaclonal variation was observed in vitro. It is possible to regenerate plants from cell suspensions of plantain banana cultivar Terra using MS medium supplemented with 11.4 µM of IAA and 2.2 µM of BAP.

scholarly journals Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Tapiscia sinensis Oliv., an Endemic and Endangered Species in China

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Faju Chen ◽  
Yubing Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Hongwei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Induction Rate

High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were achieved from immature cotyledonary-stage embryos in the endangered plant, Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. Plant growth regulators with different concentrations and combinations on embryogenesis capacity were studied. The optimal explants for in vitro somatic embryogenesis were immature embryos in T. sinensis. A high callus induction rate of 100% was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·Ll−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal. Alternatively, a high induction rate (96.16%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with the combination of 0.05 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and somatic embryos proliferated fastest on the mentioned medium supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal and 3% (w/v) sucrose, inoculation of explants proliferating 21 times in the 23-day subculture. Of the 100 plantlets transferred to field after the acclimation, 95 (95%) survived. Based on the histocytological observations, the development of somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. There were two accumulation peaks of starch grains in the embryogenic calli and in the globular-stage embryos, both closely related to the energy supply, and the embryoids were of multicelluar origin.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis using Immature Zygotic Embryos from Developing Fruits of Papaya (Carica papaya)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 783E-783
Author(s):  
S.K. Dhir ◽  
U.L. Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Potential Use

An efficient protocol has been developed for the in vitro multiplication of papaya (Carica papaya L.) through somatic embryogenesis utilizing immature zgotic embryos. Somatic embryos were initiated on MS basel media supplemented with 5 mg·liter–1 2,4-D, 400 mg·liter–1 glutamine, and 6% sucrose. After culturing for 2 months, 65% of the explants became highly embryogenic. Each explant produced 50 to 80 embryos in 4 months on culture induction medium. Frequency of embryogenesis was increased (75 to 150 somatic embryos on 80% explants) upon supplementing medium with 4% maltose as a carbon source and 100 mg·liter–1 L-asparagine. The embryogenic callus appeared yellow and embryos at different stages of development were well-organized. On regular subculturing, these cultures continued to produce secondary embryos. Following their transfer to the hormone-free medium supplemented with 4% maltose, these embryos germinated. The somatic embryogenesis system is rapid, repetitive, and highly proliferative. Thus, this system may have a potential use in the development of synthetic seed and transgenic papaya plants. Details of important factors affecting somatic embryogenesis will be discussed.

scholarly journals Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Hazubska-Przybył ◽  
Monika Dering
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

AbstractEmbryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.

scholarly journals Morphoagronomic characterization of Sorghum cultivar ‘CIAP 132R-05’ obtained by somatic embryogenesis in the conversion phase using different substrates

2019 ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Silvio de J. Martínez Medina ◽  
Raúl Barbón Rodríguez, Rafael Gómez-Kosky, Novisel Veitía Rodríguez ◽  
María Esther González Vega ◽  
Orlando Saucedo Castillo ◽  
Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop after wheat, corn, rice and barley. The aim of this research was to study morphological characterization of the plant population of grain sorghum cultivar CIAP 132R-05 regenerated via somatic embryogenesis under semi controlled conditions in green house.  Plants regenerated from somatic embryos were compared to plants grown from botanical seeds. Both populations of plants were characterized morphologically, taking in account quantitative traits (plant height (cm), stem diameter, number of active leaves per plant, limb length and width, number of active roots per plant, length of the roots (cm), fresh weight (gMF), foliar area (dm2), number of shoots per plant) and qualitative traits (albino or variegated plants, color of the leaves). Quantitative characteristics of both populations corresponded with those listed in the National Register of Commercial Varieties of Cuba. However; the population of plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher values ​​for plant height, stem diameter, limb length and width, which may be associated with the physiological rejuvenation produced by the effect of in vitro culture. This allowed to determine the phenotypic stability of the regenerated plants via somatic embryogenesis, by assessing morphological characters in field conditions. The results can be applied to the in vitro propagation of elite plants selected as a product of conventional breeding programs and obtained through the use of different biotechnological methods.

scholarly journals Screening of Brazilian soybean genotypes with high potential for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Droste ◽  
Anelise Machado da Silva ◽  
Iliane Freitas de Souza ◽  
Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm ◽  
Lauro Bücker-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Embryo Induction ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Secondary Embryo ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

The aim of this work was to identify Brazilian soybean (Glycine max) genotypes with potential to respond to in vitro culture stimuli for primary somatic embryo induction, secondary embryo proliferation and plant regeneration. Differences among eight tested cultivars were observed at each stage. Two cultivars, IAS-5 and BRSMG 68 Vencedora, were selected for the evaluation of the capacity for embryo differentiation and plant regeneration. These cultivars had high embryo induction frequencies, repetitive embryogenic proliferation, and low precocious embryo germination in the initial experiment. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and charcoal addition on plant regeneration was investigated. The addition of ABA to proliferation medium and of ABA and activated charcoal to maturation medium increased embryo differentiation rates, which resulted in a higher number of regenerated plants. The BRSMG 68 Vencedora cultivar was found to have a high potential for embryo induction, embryo proliferation and plant regeneration. The potential of this cultivar for somatic embryogenesis was similar to that observed for cultivar IAS-5, which is currently used for soybean transformation in Brazil. BRSMG 68 Vencedora may be a good alternative genotype for soybean genetic engineering via somatic embryogenesis protocols.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Sanches Ornellas ◽  
Yohan Fritsche ◽  
Edison Cardona Medina ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Bamboo Plant ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

Abstract Bamboos are an important worldwide non-timber forest product with current rising interest due to their environmentally friendly applications. Besides the consolidated uses of the sweet shoots and culms for structural uses, Dendrocalamus asper is an imposing ornamental bamboo for horticulture. The present work aimed to establish in vitro calli culture and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis starting from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo, D. asper. Pre-anthesis inflorescences were collected, disinfested, and subjected to callus induction on MS basal medium supplemented by 0 µM, 9 µM, 18 µM, 27 µM, and 36 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of 2-iP or 9 µM Kin. The different obtained calli types were characterized and subcultured in 0 µM, 4.5 µM, 9 µM, and 18 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of both cytokinins for multiplication and differentiation. Additionally, the explant incision and its inoculation orientation onto culture media were tested for callus induction improvement. The 2,4-D was essential for callus induction, and its combination with both cytokinins resulted in embryogenic callus induction and further somatic embryos regeneration. The subsequent reduction of this auxin to 4.5 µM resulted in somatic embryo maturation. Somatic embryos transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium resulted in plantlet conversion. The present work showed the feasibility of using inflorescences as explants and the efficiency of using the 2-iP in combination with 2,4-D to callus induction and in vitro bamboo plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals (291) Plant Regeneration through Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Homalomena `Emerald Gem'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078A-1078
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Richard J. Henny
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium

Homalomena `Emerald Gem' is an important ornamental foliage plant and widely used for interior plantscaping. Current propagation of this cultivar has been primarily carried out through in vitro culture by organogenesis; regeneration through somatic embryogenesis has not been documented. This report describes successful plant regeneration via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of different organs. Somatic embryos formed at and around the cut surface of petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants. Embryos also appeared at the base between expanded ovaries of the spadix segment, and around midrib of leaf explants. The optimal treatments for somatic embryo occurrence from petiole, spathe, and peduncle explants were MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA or 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D with 2.0 mg/L CPPU, and for spadix explants were MS medium with 0.5 mg/L PAA and 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Somatic embryos appeared 6 to 8 weeks after culture and formed large embryo clumps in 3 to 4 months. Somatic embryos produced more secondary embryos and geminated on induction medium. Multiple shoot development and plant regeneration occurred from somatic embryo clusters on MS medium without hormone or with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The regenerated plants grew vigorously after transplanting to a soilless container substrate in a shaded greenhouse.

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