Study of Homogeneous Chipboard Manufacturing u sing Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) Mixed with Polyethylene Addictive

Bamboo is an evergreen plant native to Asia and America that grows at every altitude, even in unideal climate conditions. Betung bamboo or its scientific name Dendrocalamus Asper is one of the bamboo species that are easily found in peninsular Malaysia. This study examined the characteristics of Betung bamboo and its potential to manufacture chipboard. Several tests were conducted, namely modulus of elastic (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA) to evaluate the potential of Betung bamboo as the primary material in the manufacture of chipboard mixed with polyethylene as additive are the parameters considered. This study found that the composition of 70% bamboo and 30% polyethylene was produced optimum chipboard which met BS EN standards (British and European Standard). It was also found that the MOE and MOR values of the resulting chipboard exceeded the medium density board standards. For WA and TS values, the chipboard achieved the standard requirements. Thus, this study concludes that chipboard made of Betung bamboo with the addition of polyethylene is suitable to be applied for internal and external doors, and internal paneling for any commercial or domestic building and furniture.

Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Abon Rebung (Dendrocalamus asper Sp.) dengan Penambahan Daging Ayam

Rebung (Dendrocalamus asper Sp.) digolongkan dalam jenis sayuran karena memiliki banyak kandungan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Rebung biasa digunakan sebagai bahan masakan sayuran. Peningkatan konsumsi masyarakat terhadap rebung dapat dilakukan dengan diversifikasi rebung menjadi makanan kaya serat yaitu abon rebung. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan ukuran bahan serta perbedaan komposisi antara rebung dan daging ayam terhadap kadar air, kadar abu kadar protein dan kadar serat serta organoleptik warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur dari abon yang dihasilkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perhitungan rancangan acak lengkap dan jika perlakuan signifikan maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Beda Nyata Jujur). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 2 faktor perlakuan perbandingan ukuran rebung yaitu diblender dan dicincang serta perbedaan komposisi antara rebung dan daging ayam dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan, maka unit percobaan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 12 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar serat dan organoleptik. Berdasarkan analisis sidik ragam, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan ukuran bahan dan perlakuan variasi daging ayam memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar serat, uji organoleptik rasa dan tektur abon rebung, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap warna dan aroma abon yang dihasilkan.

Somatic embryogenesis from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne

Bamboos are an important worldwide non-timber forest product with current rising interest due to their environmentally friendly applications. Besides the consolidated uses of the sweet shoots and culms for structural uses, Dendrocalamus asper is an imposing ornamental bamboo for horticulture. The present work aimed to establish in vitro calli culture and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis starting from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo, D. asper. Pre-anthesis inflorescences were collected, disinfested, and subjected to callus induction on MS basal medium supplemented by 0 µM, 9 µM, 18 µM, 27 µM, and 36 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of 2-iP or 9 µM Kin. The different obtained calli types were characterized and subcultured in 0 µM, 4.5 µM, 9 µM, and 18 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of both cytokinins for multiplication and differentiation. Additionally, the explant incision and its inoculation orientation onto culture media were tested for callus induction improvement. The 2,4-D was essential for callus induction, and its combination with both cytokinins resulted in embryogenic callus induction and further somatic embryos regeneration. The subsequent reduction of this auxin to 4.5 µM resulted in somatic embryo maturation. Somatic embryos transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium resulted in plantlet conversion. The present work showed the feasibility of using inflorescences as explants and the efficiency of using the 2-iP in combination with 2,4-D to callus induction and in vitro bamboo plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.

Effects of Resin Content on the Characteristics of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board Prepared from Strands of Betung, Ampel, and Their Mixtures

The objectives of this research were to evaluate bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB) characteristics made from betung (Dendrocalamus asper), ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), and their mixtures at two different contents (3% and 5%) of methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate (MDI) adhesives. The strands were steam-treated at 126°C for 1 h under the pressure of 0.14 MPa. Three-layered BOSBs with a target density of 0.7 g/cm3 were made with the size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 0.9 cm and a shelling ratio of 1:2:1 (face:core:back layers). The physical and mechanical properties of BOSB were evaluated following JIS A 5908 (2003) standard, and the results were compared with the CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 standard. The results show that BOSB from the mixtures of betung and ampel bamboo strands has higher dimensional stability as shown by the decrease in water absorption and thickness swelling and higher mechanical properties than single BOSB. All BOSBs with 5% resin content have higher dimensional stability, MOE, and MOR than BOSB with 3% resin content. The physical and mechanical properties of all BOSB manufactured met the CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 standard. This study proved that BOSBs from the mixture of betung and ampel strands have the potential to be developed due to having better physical and mechanical qualities than a single BOSB. Keywords: ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), bamboo oriented strand board, betung (Dendrocalamus asper), resin content, strand mixtures

Peramalan Penjualan Rebung Bambu Betung (Dendrocalamus asper) dengan Menggunakan Metode Triple Exponential Smoothing

ABSTRAK Rebung bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) merupakan salah satu olahan produk segar yang dijual di Tiara Dewata Supermarket, dimana olahan tersebut terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu rebung mentah, rebung rajang, dan rebung biasa. Masa simpan rebung tergolong sangat singkat, hanya 1 – 3 hari. Lebih lanjut, penjualan yang terjadi setiap bulan untuk ketiga produk segar ini berfluktuasi dan sulit diduga kecenderungannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode peramalan agar dapat memperkecil kerugian yang akan terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan nilai alfa terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh data runtun waktu peramalan yang terbaik untuk periode satu tahun mendatang terhadap ketiga jenis olahan rebung bambu betung dengan metode Triple Exponential Smoothing. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data aktual penjualan ketiga olahan rebung bambu betung dari bulan Maret 2019 – Mei 2020. Nilai alfa terbaik yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan peramalan yaitu perhitungan data runtun waktu dengan nilai alfa 0,1 – 0,9 yang memiliki nilai kesalahan (error) terkecil, dimana alfa 0,3 pada rebung mentah dengan nilai kesalahan MSE 20,146, RSME 4,488, MAPE 19%, alfa 0,4 pada rebung rajang dengan nilai kesalahan MSE 120,281, RMSE 10,967, MAPE 5%, dan alfa 0,4 pada rebung biasa dengan nilai kesalahan MSE 1306,619, RMSE 36,147, MAPE 5%. Dari perhitungan menggunakan nilai alfa tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode triple exponential smoothing valid digunakan untuk meramalkan data runtun waktu penjualan ketiga olahan rebung bambu betung dari periode Juni 2020 – Mei 2021. ABSTRACT Betung bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus asper) is one of the processed fresh products sold at Tiara Dewata Supermarket, where the processing is divided into three, namely raw bamboo shoots, chopped bamboo shoots, and ordinary bamboo shoots. The shelf life of bamboo shoots is very short, only 1 - 3 days. Furthermore, the monthly sales for these three fresh products fluctuate and it is difficult to predict the trend. Therefore, a forecasting method is needed in order to minimize the losses that will occur. The purpose of this study was to find the best alpha value that can be used to obtain the best time series forecasting data for the next one year for the three types of Betung bamboo shoots using the Triple Exponential Smoothing method. The data used in this study is the actual sales data of the three processed bamboo bamboo shoots from March 2019 - May 2020. The best alpha value that can be used for forecasting is the calculation of time series data with an alpha value of 0.1 - 0.9 which has a value the smallest error, where alpha 0.3 in raw shoots with an error value of MSE 20.146, RSME 4.488, MAPE 19%, alpha 0.4 in chopped bamboo shoots with an error value of MSE 120.281, RMSE 10.967, MAPE 5%, and alpha 0,4 on ordinary shoots with an error value of MSE 1306,619, RMSE 36,147, MAPE 5%. From the calculation using the alpha value, it can be concluded that the triple exponential smoothing method is valid to predict the sales time series data of the three processed Betung bamboo shoots from the period June 2020 - May 2021.

A Concise Review of Dendrocalamus asper and Related Bamboos: Germplasm Conservation, Propagation and Molecular Biology

Bamboos represent an emerging forest resource of economic significance and provide an avenue for sustainable development of forest resources. The development of the commercial bamboo industry is founded upon efficient molecular and technical approaches for the selection and rapid multiplication of elite germplasm for its subsequent propagation via commercial agro-forestry business enterprises. This review will delve into the micropropagation of Dendrocalamus asper, one of the most widely cultivated commercial varieties of bamboo, and will encompass the selection of germplasm, establishment of explants in vitro and micropropagation techniques. The currently available information pertaining to molecular biology, DNA barcoding and breeding, has been included, and potential areas for future research in the area of genetic engineering and gene regulation have been highlighted. This information will be of relevance to both commercial breeders and molecular biologists who have an interest in establishing bamboo as a crop of the future.