Sporogenesis, gametogenesis, and progamic phase in Alstroemeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1361
Author(s):  
Marjo J. De Jeu ◽  
Francesc Garriga Calderé ◽  
Jacques L. Van Went
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inca Lily ◽  
Reproduction Biology

The sexual reproduction biology of Alstroemeria was studied histologically. The processes of sporogenesis and gametogenesis were described in relation to the development of the male and female organs. Comparative developmental stages in Alstroemeria take much longer than they do in tobacco. Alstroemeria has the monosporic Polygonum type of embryo sac development. Bicellular pollen is formed, which after germination on the receptive stigma immediately undergoes the mitotic division of the generative cell, thus finalizing gametogenesis. Part of the progamic phase has been studied as well. As early as 12 h after pollination, some pollen tubes enter the micropyle of the ovules. This knowledge is important for the application of post-fertilization ovule culture to rescue abortive embryos during interspecific hybridization. Keywords: Alstroemeria, Alstroemeria, Inca Lily, sporogenesis, gametogenesis, progamic phase.

scholarly journals Induction of Diploid Eggs With Colchicine During Embryo Sac Development in Populus

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
X. Y. Kang ◽  
D. L. Li ◽  
H. W. Chen ◽  
P. D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Generative Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
2N Eggs ◽  
Colchicine Solution

Abstract Diploid (2n) eggs were induced by treating developing embryo sacs of Populus with colchicine solution, in order to produce triploid plants. The optimal pollinated time of female catkins was confirmed as timing point for each treatment. When female catkins of P. pseudo-simonii x P. nigra ‘Zheyin3#’ had become 5.62 ± 0.13 cm long 84 h after they emerged from their bract scales and all stigmas were exposed, pistils all over the entire catkin had optimal stigma receptivity. Observation of paraffin sections showed that embryo sac development of ‘Zheyin3#’, which initiated 12 h before pollination and finished 132 h after pollination, was a successive and asynchronous process. Generative cell division of pollen of the male parent P. x beijingensis took place 3-16 h after pollination. Catkins of 18-96 h after pollination of ‘Zheyin3#’ were treated with colchicine solution. In the progeny, twenty three triploids were detected by chromosome counting and the highest rate of triploids was 66.7% in one treatment. The rate of triploid yield was positively correlated with the frequency of four-nucleate embryo sacs (r = 0.6721, p = 0.0981) and was not significantly correlated with the percentages of uni-, twoand eight-nucleate embryo sac (r = -0.1667, p = 0.7210, r = -0.3069, p = 0.5031 and r = 0.0189, p = 0.9679, respectively), suggesting that the third mitotic division of embryo sac may be the effective stage to induce 2n eggs. Through this approach, completely homozygous 2n eggs can be produced. Its significance for plant breeding is discussed.

scholarly journals Some features of biology of the species genus Crocus (family Iridaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
S. V. Shevchenko ◽  
N. N. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Nest Box

The article presents the research results of the genesis of biology of Crocus angustifolius and Crocus speciosus . Some aspects of formation of the male and female gametophytes, pollination and seeds formation have been presented. The wall of microsporangium develops centripetally as monocotyledonous and formed consists of the epidermis, endothecium, 2-3 middle layers and secretory tapetum. A tetrad of microspores is formed simultaneously. Mature pollen grains are 2-cell. The ovary is three-celled, the ovary is anatropic, crassinucellous, bitegmal, funiculous. Polygonum-type embryo sac. Pedestal, podium and hypostasis are formed. Both species are entomophilous plants. The fruit is a multi-seeded three-nest box. Both species propagated by seeds and vegetatively using corms.

Studies on the Monimiaceae. III. Gametophyte development of Laurelia novae-zelandiae A. Cunn. (subfamily Atherospermoideae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Generative Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Radial Wall ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Unusual Type

Floral ontogeny and gametophyte development of the New Zealand endemic species Laurelia novae-zelandiae is described. The microsporangium has three to five wall layers inside the epidermis, including a typically thickened endothecium and a tapetum of the secretory type in which the cells become binucleate during the first meiotic division of pollen mother cells. Cytokinesis of pollen mother cells is of an unusual type in which centrifugal cell plates do not develop until the end of meiosis 11. The generative cell of the pollen grain is cut off against what represents a radial wall of the grain with reference to the tetrad stage. Pollen is two- or three-celled when shed. Ovules are bitegmic, crassinucellate, and anatropous with a Polygonum type of embryo sac development.

Studies on the Monimiaceae. I. Floral morphology and gametophyte development of Hedycarya arborea J.R. et.G. Forst. (subfamily Monimioideae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Pollen Traps ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Mother Cells

Inflorescences, flowers, and floral vascularization of the New Zealand endemic species Hedycarya arborea are described. Varying carpel vasculature suggests derivation of the uniovulate condition in Hedycarya from ancestors having multiovulate carpels with ovules in two rows, Floral ontogeny is described and it is noted that the terminal stigmatic region of the carpel develops from a solid terminal meristem, in contrast to many woody Ranales in which the stigma consists of crests surrounding the carpel cleft. The stigmatic surface is a mass of globose projections, apparently serving as pollen traps. No comparable type of stigma has previously been reported in the woody Ranales. The microsporangium has a typically thickened endothecium and a tapetum of the secretory type with tapetal cells becoming binucleate during the first meiotic division of pollen mother cells. Pollen mother cell division is of the successive type with cytokinesis by centrifugally extending cell plates. The generative cell is cut off towards the distal face of the microspore. The pollen, in permanent tetrads, is shed in the two-celled condition. Ovules are bitegmic, crassinucellate, and anatropous with a Polygonum type of embryo sac development. Some comparisons are made with the Australian species Hedycarya angustifolia.

Embryology of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) and its systematic significance

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 350 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
YUAN-YUAN SONG ◽  
YUN-YUN ZHAO ◽  
JIA-XI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Embryo Sac Development

In this study, we systematically studied the microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, as well as development of male and female gametophyte of Polygonatum macropodum and P. sibiricum using the conventional paraffin sectioning technique. Our results showed that 1) microsporocytes cytokinesis is of the successive type; 2) microspore tetrads are tetragonal or tetrahedral; 3) mature pollen grains are two-celled or three-celled; 4) ovary is superior and trilocular, with axile placentas bearing 4–6 anatropous per locule; 5) ovules are anatropous, crassinucellate and bitegmic, with micropyle formed by the inner integument; 6) megaspore tetrads are linear or T-shaped; 7) embryo sac development is typically of Polygonum-type. The embryological features of Polygonatum support its inclusion of Asparagaceae in Asparagales.

Embryology of Macroptilium arenarium (Leguminosae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gotelli ◽  
B. Galati ◽  
P. Hoc
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Chalazal Megaspore ◽  
Chasmogamous Flowers

Macroptilium arenarium (Bacigalupo) S.I.Drewes & R.A.Palacios produces two floral morphs, aerial chasmogamous flowers and cleistogamous flowers in geophyte racemes. A comparative study of the sporogenesis, gametogenesis and the development of the related sporophytic structures in both floral morphs is reported. The anther is tetrasporangiate, its wall consists of epidermis, endothecium, one or two middle layers and an uninucleate secretory tapetum. The mature endothecium presents fibrilar thickenings that are more developed in cleistogamous flowers. Pollen grains are tricolporate, angulaperturate, and are shed at bicellular stage. The ovule is crassinucelate, bitegmic and anacampylotropous. Megaspore tetrads with linear arrangement have been observed in chasmogamous flowers, whereas only megaspore dyads have been found in cleistogamous flowers. In both floral morphs the chalazal megaspore develops into an embryo sac of Polygonum type. Apomixis is considered as a possible replacement for sexual reproduction in cleistogamous flowers.

scholarly journals Breeding systems in some representatives of the genus Lycium (Solanaceae)

Bothalia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Minne ◽  
J. J. Spies ◽  
H. J. T. Venter ◽  
A. M. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female

The development of the ovule and the embryo sac of five of the 17 species of Lycium and of one hybrid, recorded for southern Africa, was investigated. All specimens of four of the species and the hybrid (between a hermaphroditic and a functionally dioecious species) were found to be functionally dioecious: they express only one sex, although both male and female organs are present in the same tlower. One species was hermaphroditic. The embryo sacs of all species, and of the hybrid, were of the normal eight-nucleate Polygonum type. The structure of the ovary and the development of the embryo sac are similar to those of L europaeum L. The absence of unreduced embryo sacs indicates that apomixis does not occur at any ploidy level in the species studied.

scholarly journals Genesis of the generative structures Platycodon grandiflorus (family Сampanulaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
S. V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Sporogenous Tissue ◽  
High Viability ◽  
The Crimea

The article presents the research results of the genesis of the elements of the microsporangium wall, sporogenous tissue, microspores, megaspores, male and female gametophytes of the Platycodon grandiflorus . The types of formation of the structures mail generative sphere (dicotyledonous type of microsporangium wall formation, simultaneous type of the tetrad microspores development, 3-cells of the pollen grains with 6-th pores, Polygonum - type of the formation embryo sac) have been established. A high viability of pollen grains was established during pollination and possibility of obtaining complete seeds when growing this species in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea.

scholarly journals Embryology and fertility of the natural tetraploid Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Asteraceae, Vernonieae): taxonomic implications

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina de Jesús Pérez ◽  
Maria Betiana Angulo ◽  
Ana Honfi ◽  
Massimiliano Dematteis
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ontogenetic Study ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Anther Wall Development

Abstract Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a small natural tetraploid shrub that inhabits rocky highlands from South America. The population studied inhabits and covers an extensive region of a private reserve with high local biodiversity and animal and plant endemisms. With the purpose of providing insights into the cyto-embryology of this tetraploid species, the aims of this study were: to perform an ontogenetic study of the male and female gametophytes of L. plantaginoides; to carry out detailed meiotic analysis and evaluate the fertility of this species; to document and provide highlights on taxonomic implications of their reproductive aspects. Lessingianthus plantaginoides presented the following male and female gametophyte traits: dicotyledonous type of anther wall development, tetrahedral tetrads, 3-celled mature pollen grains; development of the chalazal megaspore, monosporic embryo sac and Polygonum type of megagametophyte development. The meiotic behavior was regular, the spores were tetrads of equal size and the pollen grains were highly stainable. Lessingianthus plantaginoides is a highly diplodized autotetraploid that reproduces sexually and has high meiotic regularity; which is apparently responsible for its colonization potential. It now seems certain that polyploid speciation plays a significant role in the establishment and diversification of the genus.

Microtubule-organelle associations during generative cell polarization in plumbago zeylanica

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
S. D. Russell ◽  
T. W. Mislan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Preferential Fertilization

Sexual reproduction in the flowering plant Plumbago zeylanica is characterized by pollen in which the two sperm cells differ significantly with respect to size, shape and organellar content. The sperm cell with the majority of mitochondria (ave. 256) typically fuses with the central cell to form the nutritive endosperm in which the embryo will develop. The sperm cell containing essentially all of the numerous plastids (ave. 24) and few mitochondria (ave. 40) fuses with the egg to form the embryo. This system of preferential fertilization results in each sperm cell having a predetermined fate upon arrival at the embryo sac. Features determining the distribution of organelles in the sperm cells originate in the polarity of their precursor cell, the generative cell.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document