Spore ontogeny of Galiella rufa (Pezizales)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1651-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzu Li ◽  
James W. Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

Galiella is one of the genera of the dark-colored apothecial Sarcosomataceae, tribe Galielleae, with cyanophilous spore markings. Ultrastructural studies show that spore wall development of Galiella rufa is similar to the subgenus Discina of Gyromitra in Helvellaceae and to the other Sarcosomataceae, especially Plectania nannfeldtii, which both have fine secondary wall spore ornaments. The multinucleate ascospores found in G. rufa may show relationship to the Morchellaceae and the Helvellaceae. Keywords: ascospore ontogeny, Galiella, Sarcosomataceae, ultrastructure.

Spore ontogeny in species of Phillipsia and Wynnea (Pezizales)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzu Li ◽  
James W. Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Wall Components

Some species of the genera Phillipsia and Wynnea have similar longitudinally ridged cyanophobic ascospore markings. Ultrastructural studies show that the cyanophobic spore markings are part of the primary wall. In contrast, the cyanophilous spore ornaments are formed by the secondary wall. The observation of spore wall development indicates that the sources of the spore wall components are the sporoplasm and the epiplasm. Based on the pinkish hymenial color of fresh young apothecia and the cyanophobic spore ridges found only in some members of the Sarcoscyphaceae, Wynnea belongs to the Sarcoscyphaceae. Keywords: Pezizales, Phillipsia, Sarcoscyphaceae, spore wall ontogeny, ultrastructure, Wynnea.

Spore wall ontogeny in Pseudoplectania nigrella and Plectania nannfeldtii (Ascomycotina, Pezizales)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tzu Li ◽  
James W. Kimbrough
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Spore Wall Ornamentation

Pseudoplectania and Plectania currently belong to the Sarcosomataceae, tribe Sarcosomateae, a group with members lacking cyanophilic spore markings (absorbing a blue stain). The two genera are morphologically similar in having blackish discoid-shaped apothecia but differ in having globose and ellipsoid spores, respectively. Ultrastructural studies show that ascospores of Pseudoplectania nigrella (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel lack a secondary wall layer. On the contrary, Plectania nannfeldtii Korf has secondary spore wall ornamentation that is cyanophilic under a light microscope. The data suggest retention of Pseudoplectania nigrella in the Sarcosomateae; however, the position of certain species of Plectania needs to be reevaluated. Key words: Pezizales, Plectania, Pseudoplectania, Sarcosomataceae, spore ontogeny, ultrastructure.

The Cellular Origin in Atheromatous Lesion

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
H. A. I. Newman ◽  
K. F. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Early Lesion

The origin of lipid containing cells in atheromatous lesion has been disputed. Geer in his study on atheromatous lesions of rabbit aorta, suggested that the early lesion is composed mainly of lipid-laden macrophages and the later lesion has a mixed population of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Parker on the other hand, was able to show evidence that the rabbit lesion is primarily composed of lipid-laden cells of smooth muscle origin. The above studies and many others were done on an intact lesion without any attempt of cellular isolation previous to their ultrastructural studies. Cell isolation procedures have been established for atherosclerotic lesions through collagenase and elastase digestion Therefore this procedure can be utilized to identify the cells involved in rabbit atheroma.

Ultrastructural Studies of the Spore Wall of Gigaspora albida (Glomales)

Mycologia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor C. Maia ◽  
James W. Kimbrough ◽  
Gerald Benny
Keyword(s):  
Spore Wall ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Gigaspora Albida

Ultrastructural studies of ascospore liberation in Pyronema domesticum

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (19) ◽  
pp. 2544-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yuan Hung
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Large Vacuole ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Apical Pore ◽  
Total Disappearance

Ascospores of Pyronema domesticum contain three distinct spore wall layers. The liberation of ascospores presumably commences immediately after the three spore wall layers are formed. This is evidenced by the fact that vesiculation of the investing membrane was observed at the time when three wall layers could be distinguished. Vesiculation continues until the total disappearance of the perispore. Concurrently the epiplasm of the ascus degenerates and converts into a large vacuole within the ascus. Spores are violently ejected through the apical pore that is surrounded by a weakened apical ring. Presumably eight ascospores are discharged at the same time but do not adhere as a single unit. The operculum is generally not hinged to the main body of the ascus and an ascus without ascospores degenerates.

Chemical and ultrastructural studies on the distribution of sporopolleninlike biopolymers in six genera of lichen phycobionts

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2221-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ueli Brunner ◽  
Rosmarie Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Cell Wall Polymer ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra

Cell walls of cultured lichen phycobionts of the genera Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris, Myrmecia, Pseudochlorella, Trebouxia, and Trentepohlia were investigated with cytological and chemical methods with regard to the presence or absence of trilaminar sheaths and (or) resistant biopolymers. Trilaminar cell wall layers occurred in Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris, Myrmecia, and (less distinctly) Pseudochlorella species. A biopolymer highly resistant to nonoxidative degradation by phosphoric acid occurred only in the isolated and vigorously extracted cell walls of Coccomyxa and Elliptochloris species. The walls of all the other phycobionts, including Myrmecia and Pseudochlorella, were totally degraded, showing that a trilaminar wall layer is not conclusive evidence for the presence of a resistant cell wall polymer. The infrared absorption spectra of the degradation-resistant cell wall polymer of Coccomyxa and Elliptochloris species were not fully identical with those of natural sporopollenins. When the widely used, but chemically less appropriate acetolysis method was applied to either entire cells or isolated but not fully extracted cell walls of Coccomyxa, Elliptochloris, Myrmecia, Pseudochlorella, Trebouxia, and Trentepohlia species, they all yielded acetolysis-resistant residues whose infrared spectra resembled natural sporopollenin.

scholarly journals Morphometric and ultrastructural studies of the effect of infrared laser on rabbit temporo-mandibular joint fibroblasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cornejo Uribe ◽  
Fernando Matamala Vargas ◽  
Héctor Silva Mella ◽  
Orlando Garrido Onate
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Mandibular Joint ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Cellular Types

The infrared laser beams has been successfully used in joint lesions treatment due to its analgesic anti inflamatory and healing action, and on a cellular level, inducing an accentuated synthesis of ATP, activating cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis. Samples of normal-control and irradiated tissue from temporo-mandibular joint disc of rabbit, were obtained, with daily doses of 2 joules/cm²during 10 consecutive days. They were prepared for transmission electronic microscopy.Transmission electronic micrographs of normal and irradiated fibroblasts were obtained with final increase of 11.500 X for morphometric studies with the purpose of quantifying the volumetric fractions of the cellular components pertaining to the mentioned cellular types. Volumetric fractions of the quoted cell corresponding to nucleus, cytoplasm, rough endoplasmatic reticule, eu and heterochromatin were evaluated. In the same manner, the nucleus - cytoplasmatic relation and the area of each cellular type were quantified. The results derived from the morphometric comparative study between the normal and irradiated fibroblasts indicated that there were significant differences with respect to the volumetric fractions of euchromatin and heterochromatin and fundamentally in the cellular areas of both types. On the other hand, the rest of quantified parameters remained constant. It could be concluded that the cellular function reflected in collagen synthesis and secretion remained constant in both cellular types. However, by means of infrared laser stimulations, this fibroblast facilitated protein synthesis, due to high percentage of transcriptionally active euchromatine.

Changes in membrane cholesterol affect caveolin-1 localization and ICC-pacing in mouse jejunum

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. G202-G210 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
Gregory Bodie ◽  
Marco Mannarino ◽  
Geoffrey Boddy ◽  
Woo-Jung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Complete Reversal ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Pacing of mouse is dependent on the spontaneous activity of interstitial cells of Cajal in the myenteric plexus (ICC-MP). These ICC, as well as intestinal smooth muscle, contain small membrane invaginations called caveolae. Caveolae are signaling centers formed by insertions of caveolin proteins in the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. Caveolins bind signaling proteins and thereby negatively modulate their signaling. We disrupted caveolae by treating intestinal segments with methyl β-clodextrin (CD) to remove cholesterol or with water- soluble cholesterol (WSC) to load cholesterol. Both of these treatments reduced pacing frequencies, and these effects were reversed by the other agent. These treatments also inhibited paced contractions, but complete reversal was not observed. To evaluate the specificity of the effects of CD and WSC, additional studies were made of their effects on responses to carbamoyl choline and to stimulation of cholinergic nerves. Neither of these treatments affected these sets of responses compared with their respective time controls. Immunochemical and ultrastructural studies showed that caveolin 1 was present in smooth muscle membranes and ICC-MP. CD depleted both caveolin 1 and caveolae, whereas WSC increased the amount of caveolin 1 immunoreactivity and altered its distribution but failed to increase the number of caveolae. The effects of each agent were reversed in major part by the other. We conclude that signaling through caveolae may play a role in pacing by ICC but does not affect responses to acetylcholine from nerves or when added exogenously.

Ultrastructural studies on germinating ascospores of Daldinia concentrica

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Daldinia Concentrica

Ascospore germination in Daldinia concentrica has been studied using light and electron microscope techniques. Preliminary observations indicated that lipid globules were utilized during early stages of germination. Apical wall vesicles were localized during germ tube initiation and were involved in the differentiation of a filamentous germ tube. Wall synthesis occurred during germination and resulted in a new wall layer, which was different in ultratexture to the spore wall and which formed the germ tube wall. Possible implications of the concept of spore wall and vegetative wall types during germination are discussed.

Observations on crossed lamellar structures in the cell walls of higher plants

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Wardrop
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Vinca Major

Crossed lamellar structures in cell walls have been known to occur with certainty only in some green algae. A number of higher plants in which it was considered this structure might be present have been examined, and it has been demonstrated in the phloem fibres of Vinca major and the tracheidal elements of the aerial root of Alstonia spathulata. In the latter two types of crossed structure are recognized, in one bands of laterally associated microfibrils c. 0.5µ wide intersect at variable angles, whereas in the other lateral association is complete, forming a crossed lamellar structure which approaches most nearly that occurring in the algae. In the outer layer of the secondary wall of wood fibres of Eucalyptus elaeophora and E. regnans there is inconclusive evidence of a crossed structure similar to that observed in the cell walls of some vessels, which consists of a loosely formed meshwork of aggregates of microfibrils. This structure is considered to be distinct from the crossed lamellar and cross-banded structures.

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