Species Listing of Macrofungi Found in Paracelis Mountain Province, Philippines

Mushrooms are an important natural source of food and medicine. In the Philippines, only a few studies have been conducted on the diversity of mushrooms especially in the mountainous areas. The present study was conducted to document the species of macrofungi found in Paracelis, Mountain Province. The knowledge gained from this study can reveal their importance to the community. A total of 37 macrofungi belonging to 16 families, 26 genera, and 29 species were collected and identified. Twenty nine of the collected macrofungi were identified up to its species level and eight were only identified at its genus level. The collected samples were subjected to morphological identification based on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The identified macrofungi were: Auricularia auricula-judae, Conocybe arrhenii, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coprinus sp., Crepidotus mollis, Daldinia concentrica, Earliella scabrosa, Favolus acervatus, Fomes fomentarium, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma fornicatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Hygrocybe sp., Irpex lacteus, Lentinus strigosus, Lenzites elegans, Lepiota lilacea, Lepiota sp., Marasmiellus ramealis, Microporus xanthopus, Mycena sp., Panellus mitis, Paneolus cyanescens, Parasola plicalitis, Psathyrella candolleana, Psathyrella sp., Russula sp. Schizophyllum commune, Trametes elegans, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp. 1, Trametes sp. 2, and Xylaria papulis. Out of these macrofungi, four species were identified as edible, viz: Auricularia auricula, Lentinus strigosus, Coprinus disseminatu, and Schizophyllum commune.

Screening of Antioxidant Activity of 20 Kinds of Mushrooms from Southwest of China

The ethanol and water extracts of 20 kinds of mushrooms from Sichuan Province, Southwest of China, were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH assay. The results showed the ethanol extract of Serpula lacrymans, Daldinia concentrica, and Scleroderma verrucosum had well DPPH free radical scavenging activities 91.33%, 79.76% and 62.82%, respectively. Besides, the water extracts of Serpula lacrymans, Armillaria luteo-virens, and Lentinus edodes also possessed pretty high DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 95.59%, 88.76% and 86.93%, respectively. Based on the above comparison, the EC50 and total phenolic content of the ethanol extracts of Serpula lacrymans, Daldinia concentrica, and Scleroderma verrucosum were also measured. Their EC50 and total phenolic content valued of 17.87mg·mL-1, 11.19mg·mL-1 and 35.01mg·mL-1, as well as 0.0769μg·L-1, 0.0673μg·L-1 and 0.0545μg·L-1, respectively. The results showed there was a correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Besides, the reaction time of the DPPH test affected the free radical scavenging, which reflected the difference of the extract component would impact the test method.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Daldinia concentrica from North Eastern Region of India

Morphological, bio-chemical and antibacterial potential of an ascomycetous fungus, Daldinia concentrica, was evaluated. It was collected from dead, decaying log of Mimusops elengi tree and isolated by plating in potato dextrose medium. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the stromata were studied. The crude methanol extract of the stromata (30 mg/ml) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (MTCC-40), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-7093), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-661), Enterobacter aerogenes (MTCC-111) and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-121). Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive organism to the methanol extract of this fungus with 41.33 mm zone of inhibition. Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectral Analysis of stromatal methanol extract revealed the presence of 19 compounds. The present investigation indicated the potential antibacterial activity of native D. concentrica, which could be useful for pharmaceutical application.

Characterization of Cytochalasins and Steroids From the Ascomycete Daldinia concentrica and Their Cytotoxicity

One new cytochalasin daldinin (1), 2 known cytochalasins 2 and 3, along with 2 steroids 4 and 5, were characterized from the methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of Daldinia concentrica. The structure of new compound 1 was elucidated using a combination of 1- and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analyses. In addition, the isolated compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines and the tested compounds demonstrated moderate-to-weak cytotoxicity.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHALASINS AND STEROIDS FROM THE FRUITING BODIES OF Daldinia concentrica (BOLTON FR. CES. & DE NOT) IN VIETNAM

ABSTRACT-HCTN_14[11]-cytochalasa-6(12), 13-diene- 1, 21-dione-7, 18, 19- trihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18S*, 19R*) (1), [11]-cytochalasa-6(12),13-dien-1,21-dion-7,18-dihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl -(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18R*) (2), ergosterol (3) and ergosterol peroxit (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruit body of Daldinia concentrica. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1H-, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and MS analyses.

Jamur Makro Di Pulau Saktu Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta Utara dan Potensinya

Pulau Saktu merupakan salah satu pulau yang berada dalam gugusan Kepulauan Seribu, terletak di desa Pulau Kelapa, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Luas pulau berdasarkan analisis citra satelit adalah 0,172 km2, dan hampir ¾ dari luas pulau tersebut berupa hutan konservasi. Pulau ini sebelumnya dijadikan tempat wisata, dan sekarang hanya dihuni oleh penjaga rumah peristirahatan. Kondisi lingkungan basah dan lembab, serta banyak naungan sangat cocok bagi pertumbuhan banyak organisme, termasuk jamur makro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui spesies jamur makro yang ditemukan dari kawasan Pulau Saktu serta potensinya. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode jalur dan plot, dengan mencatat karakter morfologi tubuh buah jamur makro disepanjang jalur penelitian. Diperoleh sebanyak 71 spesimen dari kawasan penelitian ini, 14 spesimen merupakan jamur yang termasuk sebagai bahan pangan, diantaranya Auricularia auricula, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus sajor-cajo, Schizophyllum commune, 32 spesimen sebagai bahan obat, diantaranya Ganoderma applanatum, Daldinia concentrica, Stereum sp., Xylaria sp., Microporus xantophus.

WOUND HEALING EFFECT OF KING ALFERD’S MUSHROOM (DALDINIA CONCENTRICA) USED BY TRIBES OF SIRUMALAI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA

Objective: The present investigation is an attempt to an ethnomycological mushroom survey carried out among the paliyar tribals of five settlements in Sirumalai hills. Daldinia concentrica, mushroom reported by the tribals for the wound healing activity was evaluated in vivo in rat model. Methods: The indigenous information of the tribal people was collected through personal interviews during field trips and also the ethno reported mushroom Daldinia concetrica was analysed for its phytochemical constituents by Harborne method and its potential wound healing activity in Albino Wistar rats by excision wound model.Results: The exploration revealed that 92% of the respondents consume mushroom as food and four mushrooms are used in ethnomedicine in the study area namely, Daldinia concentrica, Calvatia gigantean, Termitomyces microcarpus and Podaxis pistillaris. Daldinia concentrica for wound healing, is the first ethnomycological report, thus the further study on Daldinia revealed that the mushroom sample consists of alkaloid 0.97±0.07 mg/kg, flavanoid 2.97±0.12 mg/kg, phenol 0.32±0.01 mg/kg, tannin 0.17±0.02 mg/kg, terpenoid 0.07±0.01 mg/kg and saponin 0.09±0.02 mg/kg; and it’s in vivo wound healing activity was found to be outstanding around 75–87% compared to that of the commercial ointment neosporin.Conclusion: We believe that wound healing activity of Daldinia mushroom was due to the synergestic effect of phytochemicals present in them. Our results throw in the insight of the traditional use of mushrooms in various treatments.