Natural revegetation of two block-cut mined peatlands in eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Claire Robert ◽  
Line Rochefort ◽  
Michelle Garneau
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Polytrichum Strictum ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Natural Revegetation ◽  
Ericaceous Shrub ◽  
Eriophorum Spissum ◽  
Establishment Process ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum

Limited areas of post-mined peatlands are recolonized by Sphagnum-dominated communities. This study aims to recognize the spontaneous Sphagnum re-establishment process and to verify if Sphagnum directly colonizes the residual peat. Conditions favoring Sphagnum revegetation are suggested. Analyses of vegetation macrofossils of the newly formed peat allow the identification of colonizing species and vegetation succession profile. Botanical components of the pioneer horizon suggest that Sphagnum species can directly colonize the residual peat. When Polytrichum strictum (Kaulf.) Presl and Eriophorum spissum Fernald are present as early colonists, they are rapidly overgrown by Sphagnum species in the succession profile. Vegetation succession resulted mainly in the formation of hummocks and lawns dominated by Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr., Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., and Sphagnum magellanicum Brid., with a more or less dense ericaceous shrub cover. Floristic, hydrological, and chemical features indicate that a fibric peat accumulation ecosystem is progressively or partially restored.Key words: cut-over peatlands, restoration, Sphagnum, vegetation macrofossil, acrotelm.

Natural revegetation of two block-cut mined peatlands in eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Claire Robert ◽  
Line Rochefort ◽  
Michelle Garneau
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Natural Revegetation

Bryophyte community structure in a boreal poor fen II: interspecific competition among five mosses

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisín C Mulligan ◽  
L Dennis Gignac
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
Feather Mosses ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum ◽  
Study Species

A possible competitive hierarchy among five boreal bryophytes (Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, and Pleurozium schreberi) was examined in a 2-year transplant experiment conducted in two habitats of a poor fen in northern Alberta, Canada, using a sixth moss (Aulacomnium palustre) as a phytometer. Change in relative growth rate in length and weight of A. palustre, measured as competitive effect, indicated the existence of a hierarchy in this peatland wherein the feather mosses are subordinates to the Sphagnum mosses. Relative competitive performance, which was calculated relative to the growth of the phytometer in monoculture, indicated that S. magellanicum exhibited the greatest competitive effect. Sphagnum magellanicum may be a strong competitor and partially inhibit S. fuscum from occupying its full fundamental niche. The competitive ability of S. fuscum and S. angustifolium in this peatland is low relative to that of the other study species. The feather mosses did not demonstrate competitive effect and may have facilitated growth of the phytometer.Key words: bryophyte, competition, feather moss, peatland, phytometer, Sphagnum.

Growth and net production of Sphagnum at five fen sites, subarctic eastern Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Wire Method

Growth in length and net primary production (NPP) were measured by the cranked wire method at five sites near Schefferville, northern Quebec, representing lawns of Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum warnstorfii, S. warnstorfii/S. angustifolium, and hummocks of Sphagnum fuscum and Sphagnum capillifolium. From June to September, growth and NPP ranged from 4 to 24 mm and 29 to 142 g m−2, respectively. In an average rainfall year (1984), growth at the three lawn sites was higher than in the hummocks. In a dry year (1985, with half the average rainfall), growth in two of the three lawn sites was lower than in the hummocks. Growth of Sphagnum was weakly correlated with macroclimatic variables, such as air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine. The literature for Sphagnum production from arctic to temperate regions showed that hummock NPP was less than that of adjacent lawn/hollow sites and that a significant (r2 = 0.307, P < 0.001) portion of the variation in NPP can be ascribed to mean annual temperature.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet absorbance of Sphagnum magellanicum, S. fallax and S. fuscum extracts with seasonal and species-specific variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
J. Tienaho ◽  
N. Silvan ◽  
R. Muilu-Mäkelä ◽  
P. Kilpeläinen ◽  
E. Poikulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Uv Absorption ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum

AbstractBryophytes, including Sphagnum, are common species in alpine and boreal regions especially on mires, where full sunlight exposes the plants to the damaging effects of UV radiation. Sphagnum species containing UV-protecting compounds might offer a biomass source for nature-based sunscreens to replace the synthetic ones. In this study, potential compounds and those linked in cell wall structures were obtained by using methanol and alkali extractions and the UV absorption of these extracts from three common Sphagnum moss species Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum fuscum and Sphagnum fallax collected in spring and autumn from western Finland are described. Absorption spectrum screening (200–900 nm) and luminescent biosensor (Escherichia coli DPD2794) methodology were used to examine and compare the protection against UV radiation. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide scavenging (SCAV), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing absorbance capacity (FRAP). Total phenolic content was also determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that methanol extractable compounds gave higher UV absorption with the used methods. Sphagnum fallax appeared to give the highest absorption in UV-B and UV-A wavelengths. In all assays except the SCAV test, the methanol extracts of Sphagnum samples collected in autumn indicated the highest antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content. Sphagnum fuscum implied the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. There was low antioxidant and UV absorption provided by the alkali extracts of these three species.

Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SME Fortune ◽  
SH Ferguson ◽  
AW Trites ◽  
B LeBlanc ◽  
V LeMay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Dive Behaviour ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Canada West

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus by altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such as Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus during summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.

Nanofiltration of colored surface water: Quebec's experience

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
P. Kouadio ◽  
M. Tétrault
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Eastern Canada

Three colored surface water nanofiltration pilot-scale projects were conducted in the province of Quebec (eastern Canada), between November 2000 and March 2002, by the company H2O Innovation (2000) inc., for the municipalities of Lac Bouchette, Latulipe-et-Gaboury and Charlesbourg (now part of Quebec City). Results indicated that nanofiltration permeate quality has an advance on present drinking water regulation standard in Quebec, but important membrane fouling occurred. Fouling can be controlled by pretreatment and optimization of the operating conditions.

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