Comparison of ericoid and ectomycorrhizal colonization and ectomycorrhizal morphotypes in mixed conifer and pygmy forests on the northern California coast

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wurzburger ◽  
Caroline S. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Northern California ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

Comparison of ericoid and ectomycorrhizal colonization and ectomycorrhizal morphotypes in mixed conifer and pygmy forests on the northern California coast

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wurzburger ◽  
Caroline S Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizas ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes ◽  
Pinus Spp

On the northern California coast, mixed conifer forests occur on younger, relatively fertile terraces, whereas mesic and hydric pygmy forests occur on older, infertile, poorly drained terraces. We characterized mycorrhizal associations, ectomycorrhizal morphotypes, and colonization levels for nine plant species from three plant communities (mixed conifer, mesic pygmy, and hydric pygmy). Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi (Parl.) Critchf. and Pinus muricata D. Don were ectomycorrhizal; all ericaceous plants formed ericoid mycorrhizas except Arctostaphylos nummularia A. Gray, which formed only arbutoid mycorrhizas. Arbuscular mycorrhizas were not observed, even on Cupressus goveniana ssp. pigmaea (Lemmon) J. Bartel. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was significantly lower in pygmy forests, while ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was significantly higher, as compared with the mixed conifer forest. Ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was greater on hummocks than in swales at hydric pygmy sites. Thirteen distinct ectomycorrhizal and arbutoid mycorrhizal morphotypes were observed: eight only on Pinus spp. and two only on A. nummularia. Two morphotypes were found only in mixed conifer, and eight were found only in pygmy communities. Distribution of morphotypes may reveal habitat and (or) host adaptation by ectomycorrhizal fungi.Key words: ectomycorrhizal morphotypes, ericoid mycorrhizas, pygmy forest, Ericaceae, mycorrhizal colonization, low-fertility soils.

scholarly journals Thinning, tree-growth, and resistance to multi-year drought in a mixed-conifer forest of northern California

2018 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Vernon ◽  
Rosemary L. Sherriff ◽  
Phillip van Mantgem ◽  
Jeffrey M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest

scholarly journals California Central Valley Summer Heat Waves Form Two Ways*

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Young Lee ◽  
Richard Grotjahn
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
California Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract California Central Valley (CCV) heat waves are grouped into two types based on the temporal and spatial evolution of the large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) prior to onset. The k-means clustering of key features in the anomalous temperature and zonal wind identifies the two groups. Composite analyses show different evolution prior to developing a similar ridge–trough–ridge pattern spanning the North Pacific at the onset of CCV hot spells. Backward trajectories show adiabatic heating of air enhanced by anomalous sinking plus horizontal advection as the main mechanisms to create hot lower-tropospheric air just off the Northern California coast, although the paths differ between clusters. The first cluster develops the ridge at the west coast on the day before onset, consistent with wave activity flux traveling across the North Pacific. Air parcels that arrive at the maximum temperature anomaly (just off the Northern California coast) tend to travel a long distance across the Pacific from the west. The second cluster has the ridge in place for several days prior to extreme CCV heat, but this ridge is located farther north, with heat anomaly over the northwestern United States. This ridge expands south as air parcels at midtropospheric levels descend from the northwest while lower-level parcels over land tend to bring hot air from directions ranging from the hot area to the northeast to the desert areas to the southeast. These two types reveal unexpected dynamical complexity, hint at different remote associations, and expand the assessment needed of climate models’ simulations of these heat waves.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pinus ectomycorrhizas from mixed conifer and pygmy forests using morphotyping and molecular methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wurzburger ◽  
Martin I Bidartondo ◽  
Caroline S Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Pinus Muricata ◽  
Rflp Type ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Morphotypes

We used morphotyping and molecular methods to characterize ectomycorrhizas of bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) and Bolander pine (Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi (Parl.) Critchf.) from mixed conifer and hydric pygmy forests on the northern California coast. Sixteen ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were described, producing 15 internal transcribed spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) types, and 12 were identified via ITS sequencing. From a given site, all root tips of a specific morphotype produced identical ITS-RFLP patterns. However, sometimes two morphotypes produced the same ITS-RFLP type, and sometimes samples of the same morphotype from two different sites produced two different ITS-RFLP types. These results indicate that surveys of ectomycorrhizal fungi based on morphology alone are not sufficient, and that grouping morphotypes prior to molecular analysis can expedite the process. Ectomycorrhizas from mixed conifer included Russuloid sp., Tomentella sublilacina (Ellis & Holw.) Wakef., Tuber sp., and two Thelephoroid species. Ectomycorrhizas from hydric pygmy included two Dermocybe spp., a Cortinarius sp., two Thelephoroid spp., and Suillus tomentosus (Kauffman) Singer. Both plant communities contained Cenococcum geophilum Fr.:Fr. The hydric pygmy sites were more similar to each other than to the mixed conifer site (Jaccard similarity). The presence of ectomycorrhizal taxa in one plant community type may reflect biotic (host specificity) or abiotic (soil fertility or hydrology) adaptation.Key words: ectomycorrhiza, bishop pine, Pinus muricata, Bolander pine, Pinus contorta ssp. bolanderi, morphotyping, ITS-RFLP.

scholarly journals Stopover Ecology and Habitat Selection of Juvenile Swainson's Thrushes During Fall Migration Along the Northern California Coast

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Tietz ◽  
Matthew D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Catharus Ustulatus ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract We investigated selection of stopover habitat by juvenile Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) during fall migration at a site along the northern California coast. The study site vegetation consisted mainly of coniferous forest (pine [Pinus] and spruce [Picea]), with interspersed patches of broadleaf forest (willow [Salix] and alder [Alnus]) in poorly drained swales. For 26 birds captured and radio-tracked in 2002 and 2003, the average minimum stopover duration was 8.9 ± 1.0 days. For 20 of these birds with a sufficient number of locations, the average home range size was 1.9 ± 0.3 ha. Thrushes showed no overall pattern of selection for forest type within the study area or for forest type used inside their home range. Fat and lean birds selected forest types similarly within the study area and their home ranges. However, locations occupied by lean birds had twice as much huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum) shrub cover and were 1.3 times more concealed by vegetation than locations occupied by fat birds. There were 2.5 times more huckleberries at occupied than random locations, and locations occupied by lean birds had 2.1 times more berries overall than those frequented by fat birds. Fecal analyses confirmed that huckleberries were a commonly consumed food (70% of sampled thrushes), but also revealed that thrushes ate arthropods (87%) and wax myrtle (Myrica californica) bracteoles (43%). The overall lack of forest type selection coupled with differences between fat and lean birds in selection for cover and fruit abundance suggests that fat level may influence microsite selection.

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