scholarly journals California Central Valley Summer Heat Waves Form Two Ways*

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1201-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Young Lee ◽  
Richard Grotjahn
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
California Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract California Central Valley (CCV) heat waves are grouped into two types based on the temporal and spatial evolution of the large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) prior to onset. The k-means clustering of key features in the anomalous temperature and zonal wind identifies the two groups. Composite analyses show different evolution prior to developing a similar ridge–trough–ridge pattern spanning the North Pacific at the onset of CCV hot spells. Backward trajectories show adiabatic heating of air enhanced by anomalous sinking plus horizontal advection as the main mechanisms to create hot lower-tropospheric air just off the Northern California coast, although the paths differ between clusters. The first cluster develops the ridge at the west coast on the day before onset, consistent with wave activity flux traveling across the North Pacific. Air parcels that arrive at the maximum temperature anomaly (just off the Northern California coast) tend to travel a long distance across the Pacific from the west. The second cluster has the ridge in place for several days prior to extreme CCV heat, but this ridge is located farther north, with heat anomaly over the northwestern United States. This ridge expands south as air parcels at midtropospheric levels descend from the northwest while lower-level parcels over land tend to bring hot air from directions ranging from the hot area to the northeast to the desert areas to the southeast. These two types reveal unexpected dynamical complexity, hint at different remote associations, and expand the assessment needed of climate models’ simulations of these heat waves.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the North Pacific Oscillation in CMIP5 Models in Relation to Atmospheric Mean States

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 3809-3825
Author(s):  
Mi-Kyung Sung ◽  
Changhyun Yoo ◽  
Sang-Wook Yeh ◽  
Yu Kosaka ◽  
Soon-Il An
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
North Pacific Oscillation ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractThe North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), the second leading atmospheric mode in the North Pacific Ocean, is known to be responsible for climate variability and extremes in adjacent regions. The reproducibility of the NPO in climate models is thus a topic of interest for the more accurate prediction of climate extremes. By investigating the spatial characteristics of the NPO in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), this study reveals the intimate relationship between the NPO structure and the atmospheric mean states over the North Pacific. The majority of the models reasonably capture the meridional contrast of pressure anomalies, but the detailed horizontal characteristics of the NPO are found to differ among the models. Diagnostic analysis of 30 climate models and long-term observations suggest that systematic bias in the mean atmospheric baroclinicity over the North Pacific crucially affects the horizontal shape and zonal position of the NPO. In the models in which the climatological continental trough over the western North Pacific extends farther to the east, the NPO tends to be simulated farther to the east, strengthening its impact on the downstream climate. In contrast, when the climatological continental trough is reduced in size toward the west, the growth of the NPO is limited to the west, and its influence is weakened downstream. This relationship can be understood via the altered available potential and kinetic energy conversions that feed the total energy of the NPO, primarily stemming from the difference in the mean horizontal temperature gradient and stretching deformation of the mean horizontal wind.

The occurrence of shearwaters (Puffinus spp.) off the west coast of Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2064-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Guzman ◽  
M. T. Myres
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
West Coast ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The North Pacific

Shearwaters, Puffinus spp., were studied off the west coast of Canada from 1975 to 1978. Sooty shearwaters, P. griseus, were the most abundant shearwaters off British Columbia in both May and September–October. Pink-footed shearwaters, P. creatopus, also occurred in both spring and fall. Flesh-footed shearwaters, P. carneipes, were found only in May. Buller's shearwaters, P. bulleri, were encountered in June and July during cruises across the Gulf of Alaska and in September and October off British Columbia. The recent increase of Buller's shearwater in the North Pacific is documented. A review of records of the short-tailed shearwater, P. tenuirostris, shows that it is usually rare and irregular off the coast of British Columbia. One black-vented shearwater, P. opisthomelas, was seen in the Gulf of Alaska. Sooty shearwaters occur off British Columbia in far lower numbers than off northern California, Oregon or Washington State. The manner in which sooty shearwaters migrate is described. The relationship between shearwater distributions and depths of water over the continental shelf are examined.

Monitoring marine heatwaves in CMEMS ocean analysis systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric de Boisseson
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Pacific

<p> Since 2015, CMEMS has been providing near-real time and multi-year ocean analyses that describe both past and current ocean states. In the recent years, the increased frequency of marine heatwave events has raised the attention of the community. Strong and long-lasting events have been shown to have a significant impact on the marine ecosystems and industries. In the work presented here, recent cases of marine heatwaves have been analysed in the ECMWF ORAS5 reanalysis that is part of the CMEMS catalogue of multi-year products. Marine heatwaves are detected from time series of Sea Surface Temperature using a tool developed at CSIRO. Various aspect of the heatwaves are investigated in ORAS5 fields such as the strength and duration of the events and their propagation into the subsurface. The characteristics of recent heatwave events in the North Pacific and off New Zealand as captured in ORAS5 will also be discussed. Particular attention will be brought onto the Pacific Ocean 'Blob', the longest marine heatwave on record that lasted from 2014 to 2016. ORAS5 captured the ‘Blob’ and its propagation down the vertical column in coastal regions where the fishing industry usually strives. The extent of the ecological and economical impact of such an event is still felt to this day. The evolution of future marine heatwave events will be monitored in ORAS5. The predictability of these heat waves at monthly and seasonal range is under investigation.</p>

Biogeography of lodgepole pine

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Wheeler ◽  
Raymond P. Guries
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The West ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Glacial Advance

Lodgepole pine has been a component of the western North America flora throughout recent geological history although its present widespread distribution may be a relatively recent phenomenon (Late Pleistocene). The differentiation of populations within and between subspecies, and the distribution of rare alleles, both suggest that at the time of maximal Wisconsin glacial advance lodgepole pine was restricted to a number of refugia in the western United States, the islands along the north Pacific coast, and in an unglaciated region of the west-central Yukon. Subsequent to glacial retreat, lodgepole pine migrated to its present range with northern and southern interior populations meeting in northern British Columbia, possibly within the last 4000 years.

Recognition of Leuroglossus schmidti and L. stilbius (Bathylagidae, Pisces) as distinct species in the North Pacific Ocean

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2396-2398
Author(s):  
Alex E. Peden
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
The North Pacific

Data from vertebral counts suggest two species of Leuroglossus occur off the west coast of North America: Leuroglossus schmidti north of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and L. stilbius off Oregon and southward.

scholarly journals Shifting-balance stock structure in North Pacific walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stewart Grant ◽  
Ingrid Spies ◽  
Michael F. Canino
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Walleye Pollock ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Grant, W. S., Spies, I., and Canino, M. F. 2010. Shifting-balance stock structure in North Pacific walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1687–1696. High levels of gene flow are expected to produce genetic homogeneity among open-ocean populations of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) because of few restrictions on migration. Although most genetic studies confirm this prediction, many surveys of morphology have detected differences among populations. Here, sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I in nine samples (n = 433) from Japan to Puget Sound were used to evaluate genetic population structure. Two haplotypes varied clinally across the North Pacific. These clines are likely the result of the isolation of populations in ice-age refugia, secondary post-glacial contact, and restricted long-distance dispersal. Overall, ΦST = 0.030 (p < 0.001), but the greatest partition was attributable to differences between Asian and North American populations (ΦCT = 0.058, p = 0.036). Isolation by distance was detected across the North Pacific, but differentiation among populations within regions was minimal (ΦSC = 0.007, p < 0.092). Climate variability on decadal–centennial scales produces shifts in local abundance, which prevent the appearance of genetically discrete stocks. These cycles of boom and bust, combined with high levels of gene flow, lead to different stock structures, as viewed with morphological, life history, and genetic markers.

Troposphere-Stratosphere Coupling In S2S Models and Its Importance for a Realistic Extratropical Response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Schwartz ◽  
Chaim Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
European Sector ◽  
The North Pacific

&lt;p&gt;The representation of upward and downward stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its influence on the teleconnections of the Madden Julian oscillation (MJO) to the European sector is examined in five subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models. We show that while the models simulate a realistic stratospheric response to transient anomalies in troposphere, they overestimate the downward coupling. The models with a better stratospheric resolution capture a more realistic stratospheric response to the MJO, particularly after the first week of the integration. However, in all models examined here the connection between the MJO and vortex variability is weaker than that observed. Finally, we focus on the MJO-SSW teleconnection in the NCEP model, and specifically initializations during the MJO phase with enhanced convection in the west/central pacific (i.e. 6 and 7) that preceded observed SSW. The integrations that simulated a SSW (as observed) can be distinguished from those that failed to simulate a SSW by the realism of the Pacific response to MJO 6/7, with only the simulations that successfully simulate a SSW capturing the North Pacific low. Furthermore, only the simulations that capture the SSW, subsequently simulate a realistic surface response over the North Atlantic and Europe.&lt;/p&gt;

Occurrence of the Woodborer, Limnoria lignorum (Rathke) at Amchitka Island, Alaska

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1642-1644
Author(s):  
B. R. Richards ◽  
C. I. Belmore
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
First Record ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Three hundred and sixty-one Limnoria specimens collected from wood pilings at Amchitka, Alaska in 1971 and 1974 were all identified as Limnoria lignorum (Rathke). This is believed to be the first record of the species on Amchitka; the discovery fills a gap in the known distribution between the west and east coasts of the North Pacific Ocean. Female specimens outnumbered males approximately two to one.

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